TripleCross/docs/document.lof

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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.1}{\ignorespaces Functionality of classic BPF. Based on the figure at the original paper \cite {bpf_bsd_origin_bpf_page2}.\relax }}{6}{figure.caption.7}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.2}{\ignorespaces Execution of a BPF filter.\relax }}{7}{figure.caption.8}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.3}{\ignorespaces Supported classic BPF instructions, as shown by McCanne and Jacobson \cite {bpf_bsd_origin_bpf_page7}\relax }}{9}{figure.caption.10}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.4}{\ignorespaces BPF address modes, as shown by McCanne and Jacobson \cite {bpf_bsd_origin_bpf_page8}\relax }}{9}{figure.caption.11}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.5}{\ignorespaces BPF bytecode tcpdump needs to set a filter to display packets directed to port 80.\relax }}{10}{figure.caption.12}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.6}{\ignorespaces Shortest path in the CFG described in the example of figure \ref {fig:bpf_tcpdump_example} that a packet needs to follow to be accepted by the BPF filter set with \textit {tcpdump}.\relax }}{11}{figure.caption.13}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.7}{\ignorespaces eBPF architecture in the Linux kernel and the process of loading an eBPF program. Based on \cite {brendan_gregg_bpf_book} and \cite {ebpf_io_arch}.\relax }}{12}{figure.caption.15}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.8}{\ignorespaces XDP and TC modules integration in the network processing module of the Linux kernel.\relax }}{19}{figure.caption.23}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.9}{\ignorespaces Compilation and loading process of a program developed with libbpf.\relax }}{25}{figure.caption.28}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.10}{\ignorespaces Memory translation of virtual pages to physical pages.\relax }}{28}{figure.caption.33}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.11}{\ignorespaces Major page fault after a page was removed from RAM.\relax }}{29}{figure.caption.34}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.12}{\ignorespaces Minor page fault after a fork() in which the page table was not copied completely.\relax }}{30}{figure.caption.35}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.13}{\ignorespaces Virtual memory architecture of a process \cite {mem_arch_proc}.\relax }}{30}{figure.caption.36}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.14}{\ignorespaces Simplified stack representation showing only stack frames.\relax }}{31}{figure.caption.37}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.15}{\ignorespaces Representation of push and pop operations in the stack.\relax }}{33}{figure.caption.39}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.16}{\ignorespaces Stack representation right before starting the function call process.\relax }}{33}{figure.caption.40}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.17}{\ignorespaces Stack representation right after the function preamble.\relax }}{34}{figure.caption.41}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.18}{\ignorespaces Execution hijack overwriting saved rip value.\relax }}{36}{figure.caption.42}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.19}{\ignorespaces Stack buffer overflow overwriting ret value.\relax }}{37}{figure.caption.43}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.20}{\ignorespaces Executing arbitrary code exploiting a buffer overflow vulnerability.\relax }}{38}{figure.caption.44}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.21}{\ignorespaces Steps for executing code sample using ROP.\relax }}{40}{figure.caption.45}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.22}{\ignorespaces Ethernet frame with TCP/IP packet.\relax }}{41}{figure.caption.46}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.23}{\ignorespaces TCP 3-way handshake.\relax }}{43}{figure.caption.48}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.24}{\ignorespaces TCP packet retransmission on timeout.\relax }}{44}{figure.caption.49}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.25}{\ignorespaces PLT stub for timerfd\_settime, seen from gdb-peda.\relax }}{47}{figure.caption.52}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.26}{\ignorespaces Inspecting address stored in GOT section before dynamic linking, seen from gdb-peda.\relax }}{47}{figure.caption.53}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.27}{\ignorespaces Inspecting address stored in GOT section after dynamic linking, seen from gdb-peda.\relax }}{47}{figure.caption.54}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.28}{\ignorespaces Glibc function to which PLT jumps using address stored at GOT, seen from gdb-peda.\relax }}{48}{figure.caption.55}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.29}{\ignorespaces File /proc/<pid>/maps of a sample program.\relax }}{51}{figure.caption.58}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.1}{\ignorespaces Overview of stack scanning and writing technique.\relax }}{60}{figure.caption.60}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.2}{\ignorespaces Technique to duplicate a packet for exfiltrating data.\relax }}{64}{figure.caption.61}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.1}{\ignorespaces Overview of the rootkit subsystems and components.\relax }}{67}{figure.caption.62}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.2}{\ignorespaces Rootkit programs and scripts.\relax }}{69}{figure.caption.63}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.3}{\ignorespaces Initial setup for the ROP with eBPF technique.\relax }}{71}{figure.caption.64}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.4}{\ignorespaces Process memory after syscall exits and ROP code overwrites the stack.\relax }}{72}{figure.caption.65}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.5}{\ignorespaces Stack data is restored and program continues its execution.\relax }}{73}{figure.caption.66}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.6}{\ignorespaces Two runs of the same executable using ASLR, showing a library and two symbols.\relax }}{74}{figure.caption.67}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.7}{\ignorespaces Overview of jump and return instructions from the program instructions to the syscall at the kernel.\relax }}{76}{figure.caption.68}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.8}{\ignorespaces Call to the glibc function, using objdump.\relax }}{76}{figure.caption.69}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.9}{\ignorespaces PLT stub generated with gcc compiler, using objdump.\relax }}{76}{figure.caption.70}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.10}{\ignorespaces PLT stub generated with clang compiler, using objdump.\relax }}{77}{figure.caption.71}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.11}{\ignorespaces Timerfd\_settime function at glibc, using objdump.\relax }}{77}{figure.caption.72}%
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\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.12}{\ignorespaces Functions at glibc with ASLR active.\relax }}{78}{figure.caption.75}%
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