awesome_anti_virus_engine/ai_anti_malware/sandbox.cpp

#include "sandbox.h"

#include "sandbox_callbacks.h"

std::string getDllNameFromApiSetMap(const std::string& apiSet) {
    const std::wstring wApiSet(apiSet.begin(), apiSet.end());

    // 获取系统版本信息
    using RtlGetVersionFunc = LONG(__stdcall*)(PRTL_OSVERSIONINFOW);
    const auto pRtlGetVersion = reinterpret_cast<RtlGetVersionFunc>(
        GetProcAddress(LoadLibraryA("ntdll.dll"), "RtlGetVersion"));

    RTL_OSVERSIONINFOEXW verInfo{};
    verInfo.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(verInfo);
    pRtlGetVersion(reinterpret_cast<PRTL_OSVERSIONINFOW>(&verInfo));

    const ULONG verShort = (verInfo.dwMajorVersion << 8) |
                           (verInfo.dwMinorVersion << 4) |
                           verInfo.wServicePackMajor;

    if (verShort >= static_cast<ULONG>(WinVer::kWin10)) {
        const auto apiSetMap = reinterpret_cast<API_SET_NAMESPACE_ARRAY_10*>(
            reinterpret_cast<X64PEB*>(__readgsqword(0x60))->ApiSetMap);
        const auto apiSetMapAsNumber = reinterpret_cast<ULONG_PTR>(apiSetMap);
        auto nsEntry = reinterpret_cast<PAPI_SET_NAMESPACE_ENTRY_10>(
            apiSetMap->Start + apiSetMapAsNumber);

        // 遍历API集合查找匹配项
        for (ULONG i = 0; i < apiSetMap->Count; i++) {
            UNICODE_STRING nameString{}, valueString{};
            nameString.MaximumLength = static_cast<USHORT>(nsEntry->NameLength);
            nameString.Length = static_cast<USHORT>(nsEntry->NameLength);
            nameString.Buffer = reinterpret_cast<PWCHAR>(apiSetMapAsNumber +
                                                         nsEntry->NameOffset);

            const std::wstring name(nameString.Buffer,
                                    nameString.Length / sizeof(WCHAR));
            const std::wstring fullName = name + L".dll";

            if (_wcsicmp(wApiSet.c_str(), fullName.c_str()) == 0) {
                if (nsEntry->ValueCount == 0) {
                    return "";
                }

                const auto valueEntry =
                    reinterpret_cast<PAPI_SET_VALUE_ENTRY_10>(
                        apiSetMapAsNumber + nsEntry->ValueOffset);
                valueString.Buffer = reinterpret_cast<PWCHAR>(
                    apiSetMapAsNumber + valueEntry->ValueOffset);
                valueString.MaximumLength =
                    static_cast<USHORT>(valueEntry->ValueLength);
                valueString.Length =
                    static_cast<USHORT>(valueEntry->ValueLength);

                const std::wstring value(valueString.Buffer,
                                         valueString.Length / sizeof(WCHAR));
                return {value.begin(), value.end()};
            }
            ++nsEntry;
        }
    } else {
        // 不支持Windows 10以下版本
        throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported Windows version");
    }
    return "";
}

class ImportResolver : public peconv::t_function_resolver {
   public:
    explicit ImportResolver(std::map<std::string, uint64_t> context)
        : _functionMap(std::move(context)) {}

    FARPROC resolve_func(LPSTR libName, LPSTR funcName) override {
        return reinterpret_cast<FARPROC>(_functionMap[std::string(funcName)]);
    }

   private:
    std::map<std::string, uint64_t> _functionMap;
};

class cListImportNames : public peconv::ImportThunksCallback {
   public:
    cListImportNames(BYTE* _modulePtr, size_t _moduleSize,
                     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<moudle_import>>& name_to_addr)
        : ImportThunksCallback(_modulePtr, _moduleSize),
          nameToAddr(name_to_addr) {}

    virtual bool processThunks(LPSTR lib_name, ULONG_PTR origFirstThunkPtr,
                               ULONG_PTR firstThunkPtr) {
        if (this->is64b) {
            IMAGE_THUNK_DATA64* desc =
                reinterpret_cast<IMAGE_THUNK_DATA64*>(origFirstThunkPtr);
            ULONGLONG* call_via = reinterpret_cast<ULONGLONG*>(firstThunkPtr);
            return processThunks_tpl<ULONGLONG, IMAGE_THUNK_DATA64>(
                lib_name, desc, call_via, IMAGE_ORDINAL_FLAG64);
        }
        IMAGE_THUNK_DATA32* desc =
            reinterpret_cast<IMAGE_THUNK_DATA32*>(origFirstThunkPtr);
        DWORD* call_via = reinterpret_cast<DWORD*>(firstThunkPtr);
        return processThunks_tpl<DWORD, IMAGE_THUNK_DATA32>(
            lib_name, desc, call_via, IMAGE_ORDINAL_FLAG32);
    }

   protected:
    template <typename T_FIELD, typename T_IMAGE_THUNK_DATA>
    bool processThunks_tpl(LPSTR lib_name, T_IMAGE_THUNK_DATA* desc,
                           T_FIELD* call_via, T_FIELD ordinal_flag) {
        DWORD call_via_rva = static_cast<DWORD>((ULONG_PTR)call_via -
                                                (ULONG_PTR)this->modulePtr);
        LPSTR func_name = NULL;
        if ((desc->u1.Ordinal & ordinal_flag) == 0) {
            PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME by_name =
                (PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME)((ULONGLONG)modulePtr +
                                        desc->u1.AddressOfData);
            func_name = reinterpret_cast<LPSTR>(by_name->Name);
            std::string fuck_up_api_ms = lib_name;
            if (fuck_up_api_ms.find("api-ms-") != std::string::npos) {
                fuck_up_api_ms = getDllNameFromApiSetMap(fuck_up_api_ms);
                if (fuck_up_api_ms.size() <= 1) __debugbreak();
            }
            auto import_data = std::make_shared<moudle_import>();
            memcpy(import_data->name, func_name, strlen(func_name));
            memcpy(import_data->dll_name, fuck_up_api_ms.c_str(),
                   fuck_up_api_ms.size());
            import_data->function_address = call_via_rva;
            import_data->is_delayed_import = false;
            nameToAddr.push_back(import_data);
        }
        return true;
    }

    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<moudle_import>>& nameToAddr;
};
class cFixImprot : public peconv::t_function_resolver {
   public:
    // 构造函数接收Sandbox实例的引用
    explicit cFixImprot(Sandbox* sandbox) : m_sandbox(sandbox) {}

    // 实现导入函数解析
    virtual FARPROC resolve_func(LPSTR lib_name, LPSTR func_name) override {
        // 遍历所有已加载的模块
        for (const auto& module : m_sandbox->m_moduleList) {
            // 检查模块名是否匹配
            if (_stricmp(module->name, lib_name) == 0) {
                // 遍历模块的导出函数
                for (const auto& exp : m_sandbox->m_exportFuncDict) {
                    // 检查函数名是否匹配
                    if (strcmp(exp->name, func_name) == 0) {
                        auto newBase = reinterpret_cast<FARPROC>(
                            module->base + exp->function_address);
                        printf("fix import: %s => %llx \n", func_name, newBase);
                        // 返回在模拟器中的虚拟地址
                        return newBase;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        __debugbreak();
        return nullptr;
    }

   private:
    Sandbox* m_sandbox;  // Sandbox实例的指针
};
Sandbox::Sandbox() {}

Sandbox::~Sandbox() {}

auto Sandbox::PushModuleToVM(const char* dllName, uint64_t moduleBase) -> void {
    for (auto module : m_moduleList) {
        if (module->real_base == moduleBase) {
            printf("skip module name: %s (already loaded)\n", module->name);
            return;
        }
    }
    // 解析PE头
    auto* dosHeader = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER>(moduleBase);
    auto* ntHeaders = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS>(
        reinterpret_cast<LPBYTE>(moduleBase) + dosHeader->e_lfanew);

    // 获取区段对齐值
    DWORD sectionAlignment =
        (ntHeaders->FileHeader.Machine == IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_AMD64)
            ? reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS64>(ntHeaders)
                  ->OptionalHeader.SectionAlignment
            : ntHeaders->OptionalHeader.SectionAlignment;

    // 获取区段头
    auto* sectionHeader = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER>(
        reinterpret_cast<PUCHAR>(ntHeaders) + sizeof(ntHeaders->Signature) +
        sizeof(ntHeaders->FileHeader) +
        ntHeaders->FileHeader.SizeOfOptionalHeader);

    // 创建新模块
    struct_moudle newModule{};
    strncpy(newModule.name, dllName, strlen(dllName));
    newModule.base =
        this->m_peInfo->isX64 ? moduleBase : static_cast<uint32_t>(moduleBase);
    newModule.real_base = moduleBase;
    newModule.entry = ntHeaders->OptionalHeader.AddressOfEntryPoint;
    newModule.size = ntHeaders->OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage;
    // 处理区段
    for (WORD i = 0; i < ntHeaders->FileHeader.NumberOfSections; i++) {
        const auto& section = sectionHeader[i];

        // if (!(section.Characteristics &
        //       (IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE | IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE))) {
        //     continue;
        // }

        // 设置区段保护属性
        int protection = UC_PROT_READ;
        if (section.Characteristics & IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE)
            protection |= UC_PROT_EXEC;
        if (section.Characteristics & IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE)
            protection |= UC_PROT_WRITE;

        // 计算区段大小
        auto sectionSize =
            AlignSize(max(section.Misc.VirtualSize, section.SizeOfRawData),
                      sectionAlignment);

        // 创建区段信息
        moudle_section newSection{};
        strncpy(newSection.name, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(section.Name),
                8);
        newSection.base = section.VirtualAddress;
        newSection.size = sectionSize;
        newSection.protect_flag = protection;

        newModule.sections.push_back(
            std::make_shared<moudle_section>(newSection));
        std::cout << "[PE] " << dllName << " Section found: " << newSection.name
                  << '\n';
    }
    m_moduleList.push_back(std::make_shared<struct_moudle>(newModule));
    printf("push `%s` module to vm base: %llx vm size: %llx\n", newModule.name,
           newModule.base, newModule.size);
    uc_mem_map(m_ucEngine, newModule.base, newModule.size,
               UC_PROT_READ | UC_PROT_EXEC);
    uc_mem_write(m_ucEngine, newModule.base, (void*)moduleBase, newModule.size);
    if (peconv::relocate_module((BYTE*)moduleBase, newModule.size,
                                newModule.base) == false) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to relocate module");
    }
}
auto Sandbox::ResolveExport(uint64_t moduleBase)
    -> std::vector<std::shared_ptr<moudle_export>> {
    DWORD exportSize = 0;
    static RtlImageDirectoryEntryToDataFn fnRtlImageDirectoryEntryToData;
    if (fnRtlImageDirectoryEntryToData == nullptr) {
        fnRtlImageDirectoryEntryToData =
            reinterpret_cast<RtlImageDirectoryEntryToDataFn>(GetProcAddress(
                GetModuleHandleA("ntdll.dll"), "RtlImageDirectoryEntryToData"));
    }
    // 获取导出表
    PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY exportDirectory =
        static_cast<PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY>(fnRtlImageDirectoryEntryToData(
            reinterpret_cast<PUCHAR>(moduleBase), TRUE,
            IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT, &exportSize));

    if (exportDirectory) {
        const DWORD numberOfNames = exportDirectory->NumberOfNames;
        PDWORD addressOfFunctions =
            reinterpret_cast<PDWORD>(reinterpret_cast<PUCHAR>(moduleBase) +
                                     exportDirectory->AddressOfFunctions);
        PDWORD addressOfNames =
            reinterpret_cast<PDWORD>(reinterpret_cast<PUCHAR>(moduleBase) +
                                     exportDirectory->AddressOfNames);
        PWORD addressOfNameOrdinals =
            reinterpret_cast<PWORD>(reinterpret_cast<PUCHAR>(moduleBase) +
                                    exportDirectory->AddressOfNameOrdinals);

        // 遍历导出函数
        for (size_t i = 0; i < numberOfNames; i++) {
            PCHAR functionName = reinterpret_cast<PCHAR>(
                reinterpret_cast<PUCHAR>(moduleBase) + addressOfNames[i]);

            // 获取函数RVA
            const DWORD functionRva =
                addressOfFunctions[addressOfNameOrdinals[i]];

            // 创建导出数据结构
            moudle_export exportData{};
            memcpy(exportData.name, functionName, strlen(functionName));
            exportData.function_address = functionRva;
            exportData.ordinal = static_cast<WORD>(
                addressOfNameOrdinals[i] + exportDirectory->Base);  // 设置序号

            m_exportFuncDict.push_back(
                std::make_shared<moudle_export>(exportData));
        }
    }
    return m_exportFuncDict;
}
auto Sandbox::ResolveImportExports() -> void {
    for (auto module : m_moduleList) {
        const auto exports = ResolveExport(module->real_base);
        for (const auto item : exports) {
            printf("import export: [%s] %s => %llx\n", module->name, item->name,
                   item->function_address);
            module->export_function.push_back(item);
        }
    }
}

auto Sandbox::processImportModule(const moudle_import* importModule) -> void {
    for (auto module : m_moduleList) {
        if (strcmp(module->name, importModule->dll_name) == 0) {
            printf("skip module name: %s (already loaded)\n", module->name);
            return;
        }
    }
    // 构建模块路径
    const std::string systemDir =
        m_peInfo->isX64 ? "\\System32\\" : "\\SysWOW64\\";
    char windowsPath[MAX_PATH];
    if (!GetWindowsDirectoryA(windowsPath, sizeof(windowsPath))) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to get Windows directory");
    }

    const std::string modulePath =
        std::string(windowsPath) + systemDir + importModule->dll_name;

    // 加载PE模块
    size_t mappedPeSize = 0;
    const auto moduleBase = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(
        peconv::load_pe_module(modulePath.c_str(), mappedPeSize, false, false));

    if (!moduleBase) {
        return;
    }

    // 添加到虚拟机
    PushModuleToVM(importModule->dll_name, moduleBase);
}
auto Sandbox::ResoveImport() -> void {
    // 处理延迟导入
    peconv::load_delayed_imports(static_cast<BYTE*>(m_peInfo->peBuffer), 0);

    // 解析导入表
    cListImportNames importCallback(static_cast<BYTE*>(m_peInfo->peBuffer),
                                    m_peInfo->peSize, m_impFuncDict);

    if (!peconv::process_import_table(static_cast<BYTE*>(m_peInfo->peBuffer),
                                      m_peInfo->peSize, &importCallback)) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to process import table");
    }

    // 处理每个导入模块
    for (const auto& importModule : m_impFuncDict) {
        processImportModule(importModule.get());
    }
}
auto Sandbox::SetupVirtualMachine() -> void {
    SegmentSelector cs = {0};
    cs.fields.index = 1;
    uc_reg_write(m_ucEngine, UC_X86_REG_CS, &cs.all);

    SegmentSelector ds = {0};
    ds.fields.index = 2;
    uc_reg_write(m_ucEngine, UC_X86_REG_DS, &ds.all);

    SegmentSelector ss = {0};
    ss.fields.index = 2;
    uc_reg_write(m_ucEngine, UC_X86_REG_SS, &ss.all);

    SegmentSelector es = {0};
    es.fields.index = 2;
    uc_reg_write(m_ucEngine, UC_X86_REG_ES, &es.all);

    SegmentSelector gs = {0};
    gs.fields.index = 2;
    uc_reg_write(m_ucEngine, UC_X86_REG_GS, &gs.all);

    FlagRegister eflags = {0};
    eflags.fields.id = 1;
    eflags.fields.intf = 1;
    eflags.fields.reserved1 = 1;

    uc_reg_write(m_ucEngine, UC_X86_REG_EFLAGS, &eflags.all);

    uint64_t cr8 = 0;
    uc_reg_write(m_ucEngine, UC_X86_REG_CR8, &cr8);

    /*
        映射 m_KSharedUserDataBase
    */
    uint64_t m_KSharedUserDataBase = 0x7FFE0000;
    uint64_t m_KSharedUserDataEnd = 0x7FFE0FFF;  // 0x7FFE2000
    uint64_t m_KSharedUserDataSize =
        AlignSize(m_KSharedUserDataEnd - m_KSharedUserDataBase, PAGE_SIZE);

    uc_mem_map(m_ucEngine, m_KSharedUserDataBase, m_KSharedUserDataSize,
               UC_PROT_READ);
    uc_mem_write(m_ucEngine, m_KSharedUserDataBase,
                 (void*)m_KSharedUserDataBase, m_KSharedUserDataSize);

    m_tebBase = TEB_BASE;  // 进程TEB地址
    m_pebBase = PEB_BASE;  // 进程PEB地址
    // stack
    m_stackBase = this->m_peInfo->isX64 ? STACK_BASE_64 : STACK_BASE_32;
    m_stackSize = this->m_peInfo->isX64 ? STACK_SIZE_64 : STACK_SIZE_32;
    m_stackEnd = m_stackBase + m_stackSize;

    // heap
    m_heapBase = this->m_peInfo->isX64 ? HEAP_ADDRESS_64 : HEAP_ADDRESS_32;
    m_heapSize = this->m_peInfo->isX64 ? HEAP_SIZE_64 : HEAP_SIZE_32;
    m_heapEnd = m_heapBase + m_heapSize;

    // 根据PE文件类型设置PEB和TEB
    if (this->m_peInfo->isX64) {
        // 设置64位PEB
        m_peb64.ImageBaseAddress = m_peInfo->RecImageBase;
        m_pebEnd = m_pebBase + AlignSize(sizeof(X64PEB), PAGE_SIZE);
        m_tebEnd = m_tebBase + AlignSize(sizeof(X64TEB), PAGE_SIZE);

        // 设置64位TEB
        m_teb64.ClientId.UniqueProcess = GetCurrentProcessId();
        m_teb64.ClientId.UniqueThread = GetCurrentThreadId();
        m_teb64.ProcessEnvironmentBlock = reinterpret_cast<X64PEB*>(m_pebBase);
        m_teb64.NtTib.StackBase = (DWORD64)m_stackBase;
        m_teb64.NtTib.StackLimit = (DWORD64)m_stackSize;

        // 设置堆
        m_peb64.ProcessHeap = m_heapBase;

        // 设置GS基址结构
        m_gsBaseStruct.teb = m_tebBase;
        m_gsBaseStruct.peb = m_pebBase;
        uint64_t gsAllocSize = AlignSize(sizeof(struct_gs_base), PAGE_SIZE);

        // 映射PEB到虚拟内存
        uc_mem_map(m_ucEngine, m_pebBase, m_pebEnd - m_pebBase,
                   UC_PROT_READ | UC_PROT_WRITE);
        uc_mem_write(m_ucEngine, m_pebBase, &m_peb64, sizeof(X64PEB));

        // 映射TEB到虚拟内存
        uc_mem_map(m_ucEngine, m_tebBase, m_tebEnd - m_tebBase,
                   UC_PROT_READ | UC_PROT_WRITE);
        uc_mem_write(m_ucEngine, m_tebBase, &m_teb64, sizeof(X64TEB));

        // 映射GS基址结构到虚拟内存
        uc_mem_map(m_ucEngine, m_gsBase, gsAllocSize, UC_PROT_READ);
        uc_mem_write(m_ucEngine, m_gsBase, &m_gsBaseStruct,
                     sizeof(struct_gs_base));

        // 设置GS基址MSR
        uc_x86_msr msr;
        msr.rid = static_cast<uint32_t>(Msr::kIa32GsBase);
        msr.value = m_gsBase;
        uc_reg_write(m_ucEngine, UC_X86_REG_MSR, &msr);
    } else {
        // 设置32位PEB
        m_peb32.ImageBaseAddress = static_cast<ULONG>(m_peInfo->RecImageBase);
        m_pebEnd = m_pebBase + AlignSize(sizeof(X32PEB), PAGE_SIZE);
        m_tebEnd = m_tebBase + AlignSize(sizeof(X32TEB), PAGE_SIZE);

        // 设置32位TEB
        m_teb32.ClientId.UniqueProcess = GetCurrentProcessId();
        m_teb32.ClientId.UniqueThread = GetCurrentThreadId();
        m_teb32.ProcessEnvironmentBlock = static_cast<ULONG>(m_pebBase);
        m_teb32.NtTib.StackBase = static_cast<ULONG>(m_stackBase);
        m_teb32.NtTib.StackLimit = static_cast<ULONG>(m_stackSize);

        // 设置堆
        m_peb32.ProcessHeap = static_cast<ULONG>(m_heapBase);

        // 映射PEB到虚拟内存
        uc_mem_map(m_ucEngine, m_pebBase, m_pebEnd - m_pebBase,
                   UC_PROT_READ | UC_PROT_WRITE);
        uc_mem_write(m_ucEngine, m_pebBase, &m_peb32, sizeof(X32PEB));

        // 映射TEB到虚拟内存
        uc_mem_map(m_ucEngine, m_tebBase, m_tebEnd - m_tebBase,
                   UC_PROT_READ | UC_PROT_WRITE);
        uc_mem_write(m_ucEngine, m_tebBase, &m_teb32, sizeof(X32TEB));

        // 对于32位，我们需要设置FS段寄存器指向TEB
        SegmentSelector fs = {0};
        fs.fields.index = 3;
        uc_reg_write(m_ucEngine, UC_X86_REG_FS, &fs.all);

        // 设置FS基址MSR
        uc_x86_msr msr;
        msr.rid = static_cast<uint32_t>(Msr::kIa32FsBase);
        msr.value = m_tebBase;
        uc_reg_write(m_ucEngine, UC_X86_REG_MSR, &msr);
    }
    for (DWORD i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
        GetTeb64()->TlsSlots[i] = (void*)0x1337ffffff;
    }
    for (DWORD i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
        GetTeb32()->TlsSlots[i] = 0x1337;
    }
}
auto Sandbox::InitEnv(std::shared_ptr<BasicPeInfo> peInfo) -> void {
    m_peInfo = peInfo;
    if (cs_open(CS_ARCH_X86, peInfo->isX64 ? CS_MODE_64 : CS_MODE_32,
                &m_csHandle) != CS_ERR_OK) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to initialize Capstone");
    }
    if (uc_open(UC_ARCH_X86, peInfo->isX64 ? UC_MODE_64 : UC_MODE_32,
                &m_ucEngine) != UC_ERR_OK) {
        cs_close(&m_csHandle);  // 清理已分配的capstone资源
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to initialize Unicorn");
    }
    ResoveImport();
    ResolveImportExports();

    // 修复导入表
    cFixImprot importFixer(this);
    if (!peconv::load_imports(m_peInfo->peBuffer, &importFixer)) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to fix imports");
    }

    uc_err ucErr = uc_mem_map(m_ucEngine, m_peInfo->RecImageBase,
                              m_peInfo->peSize, UC_PROT_ALL);
    if (ucErr != UC_ERR_OK) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to map memory");
    }
    uc_mem_write(m_ucEngine, m_peInfo->RecImageBase, m_peInfo->peBuffer,
                 m_peInfo->peSize);
    printf("map file to vm file: %llx\n", m_peInfo->RecImageBase);
    printf("map file to vm size: %llx\n", m_peInfo->peSize);
    SetupVirtualMachine();
    InitCommandLine(peInfo->inputFilePath);

}

auto Sandbox::Run() -> void {
    // 初始化堆栈
    uc_err err = uc_mem_map(m_ucEngine, m_stackBase, m_stackSize,
                            UC_PROT_READ | UC_PROT_WRITE);
    if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to map stack memory");
    }

    // 初始化堆
    err = uc_mem_map(m_ucEngine, m_heapBase, m_heapSize,
                     UC_PROT_READ | UC_PROT_WRITE);
    if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to map heap memory");
    }

    // 设置寄存器
    uint64_t rsp = m_stackEnd - 128;
    err = uc_reg_write(m_ucEngine,
                       m_peInfo->isX64 ? UC_X86_REG_RSP : UC_X86_REG_ESP, &rsp);
    if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to write stack pointer");
    }

    // 设置入口点
    uint64_t entryPoint = m_peInfo->RecImageBase + m_peInfo->entryPoint;

    // 添加钩子
    uc_hook hook_code, hook_mem, hook_mem_unmap, hook_mem_write, hook_syscall;

    // 代码执行钩子
    err = uc_hook_add(m_ucEngine, &hook_code, UC_HOOK_CODE,
                      reinterpret_cast<void*>(sandboxCallbacks::handleCodeRun),
                      this, 1, 0);
    if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to add code hook");
    }

    // 内存读取钩子
    err =
        uc_hook_add(m_ucEngine, &hook_mem, UC_HOOK_MEM_READ | UC_HOOK_MEM_FETCH,
                    reinterpret_cast<void*>(sandboxCallbacks::handleMemoryRead),
                    this, 1, 0);
    if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to add memory read hook");
    }

    // 未映射内存访问钩子
    err = uc_hook_add(
        m_ucEngine, &hook_mem_unmap,
        UC_HOOK_MEM_FETCH_UNMAPPED | UC_HOOK_MEM_READ_UNMAPPED |
            UC_HOOK_MEM_WRITE_UNMAPPED | UC_HOOK_MEM_FETCH_PROT,
        reinterpret_cast<void*>(sandboxCallbacks::handleMemoryUnmapRead), this,
        1, 0);
    if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to add unmapped memory hook");
    }

    // 内存写入钩子
    err = uc_hook_add(
        m_ucEngine, &hook_mem_write, UC_HOOK_MEM_WRITE | UC_HOOK_MEM_WRITE_PROT,
        reinterpret_cast<void*>(sandboxCallbacks::handleMemoryWrite), this, 1,
        0);
    if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to add memory write hook");
    }

    // 系统调用钩子
    err = uc_hook_add(m_ucEngine, &hook_syscall, UC_HOOK_INTR | UC_HOOK_INSN,
                      reinterpret_cast<void*>(sandboxCallbacks::handleSyscall),
                      this, 1, 0, UC_X86_INS_SYSCALL);
    if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to add syscall hook");
    }

    // 设置EIP/RIP
    err = uc_reg_write(m_ucEngine,
                       m_peInfo->isX64 ? UC_X86_REG_RIP : UC_X86_REG_EIP,
                       &entryPoint);
    if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to set entry point");
    }

    // 开始执行
    std::cout << "Starting execution at " << std::hex << entryPoint
              << std::endl;
    InitApiHooks();
    err = uc_emu_start(m_ucEngine, entryPoint, m_peInfo->imageEnd, 0, 0);
    if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
        std::cerr << "Emulation error: " << uc_strerror(err) << std::endl;

        // 32位环境下的错误处理
        if (!m_peInfo->isX64) {
            uint32_t eip;
            uc_reg_read(m_ucEngine, UC_X86_REG_EIP, &eip);
            std::cerr << "Error occurred at EIP: 0x" << std::hex << eip
                      << std::endl;

            // 尝试读取当前指令
            uint8_t instruction[16];
            if (uc_mem_read(m_ucEngine, eip, instruction,
                            sizeof(instruction)) == UC_ERR_OK) {
                std::cerr << "Instruction bytes: ";
                for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
                    printf("%02X ", instruction[i]);
                }
                std::cerr << std::endl;
            }
        }
    }
}