Merge pull request #138 from xushiwei/q

demo: hellopy (python)

.github/workflows/go.yml

@@ -60,4 +60,10 @@ jobs:
       run: go build -v ./...
 
     - name: Test
-      run: go test -v ./...
+      run: go test -v -coverprofile="coverage.txt" -covermode=atomic ./...
+
+    - name: Upload coverage reports to Codecov
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
+      with:
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+        slug: goplus/llgo

.gitignore

@@ -8,7 +8,16 @@
 *.so
 *.dylib
 
+test.db
+llgo_autogen.ll
+stories*.bin
+.DS_Store
+err.log
+
+_go/
+_runtime/
 _tinygo/
+build.dir/
 
 # Test binary, built with `go test -c`
 *.test

.gitmodules

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[submodule "x/llama2/llama2.c"]
+	path = x/llama2/llama2.c
+	url = https://github.com/karpathy/llama2.c.git
+[submodule "x/sqlite/sqlite"]
+	path = x/sqlite/sqlite
+	url = https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite.git

README.md

@@ -4,7 +4,53 @@ llgo - A Go compiler based on LLVM
 [![Build Status](https://github.com/goplus/llgo/actions/workflows/go.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/goplus/llgo/actions/workflows/go.yml)
 [![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/goplus/llgo)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/goplus/llgo)
 [![GitHub release](https://img.shields.io/github/v/tag/goplus/llgo.svg?label=release)](https://github.com/goplus/llgo/releases)
-[![GoDoc](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/github.com/goplus/llgo.svg)](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo)
-<!--
 [![Coverage Status](https://codecov.io/gh/goplus/llgo/branch/main/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/goplus/llgo)
--->
+[![GoDoc](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/github.com/goplus/llgo.svg)](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo)
+[![Language](https://img.shields.io/badge/language-Go+-blue.svg)](https://github.com/goplus/gop)
+
+This is a Go compiler based on LLVM in order to better integrate Go with the C ecosystem. It's a subproject of [the Go+ project](https://github.com/goplus/gop).
+
+## How to install
+
+Follow these steps to generate the `llgo` command (its usage is the same as the `go` command):
+
+### on macOS
+
+```sh
+brew update  # execute if needed
+brew install llvm@17
+go install -v ./...
+```
+
+### on Linux
+
+```sh
+echo 'deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-17 main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/llvm.list
+wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
+sudo apt-get update  # execute if needed
+sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends llvm-17-dev
+go install -v ./...
+```
+
+### on Windows
+
+TODO
+
+
+## Demo
+
+The `_demo` directory contains our demos (it start with `_` to prevent the `go` command from compiling it):
+
+* [hello](_demo/hello/hello.go): call C printf to print `Hello world`
+* [concat](_demo/concat/concat.go): call C fprintf with stderr, and Go variadic function
+* [qsort](_demo/qsort/qsort.go): call C function with a callback (eg. qsort)
+* [genints](_demo/genints/genints.go): various forms of closure usage (including C function, recv.method and anonymous function)
+* [llama2-c](_demo/llama2-c): inference Llama 2 (It's the first llgo AI example)
+* [hellopy](https://github.com/goplus/cpython/blob/main/_demo/hellopy/hello.go): link Python to Go and say `Hello world`
+
+### How to run demos
+
+```sh
+cd <demo-directory>  # eg. cd _demo/genints
+llgo run .
+```

_demo/concat/concat.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+func concat(args ...string) (ret string) {
+	for _, v := range args {
+		ret += v
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func main() {
+	result := concat("Hello", " ", "World")
+	c.Fprintf(c.Stderr, c.Str("Hi, %s\n"), c.AllocaCStr(result))
+}
+
+/* Expected output (stderr):
+Hi, Hello World
+*/

_demo/genints/gen_ints.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+type generator struct {
+	val c.Int
+}
+
+func (g *generator) next() c.Int {
+	g.val++
+	return g.val
+}
+
+func genInts(n int, gen func() c.Int) []c.Int {
+	a := make([]c.Int, n)
+	for i := range a {
+		a[i] = gen()
+	}
+	return a
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// generate 5 random integers
+	for _, v := range genInts(5, c.Rand) {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), v)
+	}
+
+	// generate 5 integers, each is double of the previous one
+	initVal := c.Int(1)
+	ints := genInts(5, func() c.Int {
+		initVal *= 2
+		return initVal
+	})
+	for _, v := range ints {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), v)
+	}
+
+	// generate 5 integers, each is incremented by 1
+	g := &generator{val: 1}
+	for _, v := range genInts(5, g.next) {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), v)
+	}
+}
+
+/* Posible output:
+16807
+282475249
+1622650073
+984943658
+1144108930
+2
+4
+8
+16
+32
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+*/

_demo/hello/hello.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Hello world\n"))
+}
+
+/* Expected output:
+Hello World
+*/

_demo/llama2-c/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+llama2 - Inference Llama 2 in LLGo
+=====
+
+<p align="center">
+  <img src="assets/llama_cute.jpg" width="300" height="300" alt="Cute Llama">
+</p>
+
+Have you ever wanted to inference a baby [Llama 2](https://ai.meta.com/llama/) model in Go? No? Well, now you can!
+
+This is based on [llama2.c](https://github.com/karpathy/llama2.c), we didn't port anything! So it's very different from these Go implementations:
+* https://github.com/nikolaydubina/llama2.go
+* https://github.com/tmc/go-llama2
+
+llgo plays a great role as a bridge, allowing the C ecosystem to be seamlessly connected to Go.
+
+You might think that you need many billion parameter LLMs to do anything useful, but in fact very small LLMs can have surprisingly strong performance if you make the domain narrow enough (ref: [TinyStories](https://huggingface.co/datasets/roneneldan/TinyStories) paper). This repo is a "fullstack" train + inference solution for Llama 2 LLM, with focus on minimalism and simplicity.
+
+As the architecture is identical, you can also load and inference Meta's Llama 2 models. However, the current code only inferences models in fp32, so you will most likely not be able to productively load models larger than 7B.
+
+## feel the magic
+
+How to run this example? The simplest way is to run it without any arguments:
+
+```bash
+llgo run .
+```
+
+This means it uses the default model checkpoint file (`stories15M.bin`), and the default prompt (`Once upon a time`).
+
+You need download the model checkpoint file first. Download this 15M parameter model trained on the [TinyStories](https://huggingface.co/datasets/roneneldan/TinyStories) dataset (~60MB download):
+
+```bash
+wget https://huggingface.co/karpathy/tinyllamas/resolve/main/stories15M.bin
+```
+
+If you want to specify a prompt (eg. `Long long ago`):
+
+```bash
+llgo run . 'Long long ago'
+```
+
+We can also try a bit bigger 42M parameter model (ie. `stories42M.bin`):
+
+```bash
+wget https://huggingface.co/karpathy/tinyllamas/resolve/main/stories42M.bin
+llgo run . -m stories42M.bin 'Long long ago'
+```
+
+There is also an even better 110M param model available, see [models](#models).
+
+Quick note on sampling, the recommendation for ~best results is to sample with `-t 1.0 -p 0.9`, i.e. temperature 1.0 (default) but also top-p sampling at 0.9 (default). Intuitively, top-p ensures that tokens with tiny probabilities do not get sampled, so we can't get "unlucky" during sampling, and we are less likely to go "off the rails" afterwards. More generally, to control the diversity of samples use either the temperature (i.e. vary `-t` between 0 and 1 and keep top-p off with `-p 0`) or the top-p value (i.e. vary `-p` between 0 and 1 and keep `-t 1`), but not both. Nice explainers on LLM sampling strategies include [this](https://peterchng.com/blog/2023/05/02/token-selection-strategies-top-k-top-p-and-temperature/), [this](https://docs.cohere.com/docs/controlling-generation-with-top-k-top-p) or [this](https://huggingface.co/blog/how-to-generate).
+
+
+## Meta's Llama 2 models
+
+As the neural net architecture is identical, we can also inference the Llama 2 models released by Meta. Sadly there is a bit of friction here due to licensing (I can't directly upload the checkpoints, I think). So Step 1, get the Llama 2 checkpoints by following the [Meta instructions](https://github.com/facebookresearch/llama). Once we have those checkpoints, we have to convert them into the llama2.c format.
+For this we need to install the python dependencies (`pip install -r requirements.txt`) and then use the `export.py` file, e.g. for 7B model:
+
+```bash
+python export.py llama2_7b.bin --meta-llama path/to/llama/model/7B
+```
+
+The export will take ~10 minutes or so and generate a 26GB file (the weights of the 7B model in float32) called `llama2_7b.bin` in the current directory. It has been [reported](https://github.com/karpathy/llama2.c/pull/85) that despite efforts. I would not attempt to run anything above 7B right now for two reasons: first, 13B+ currently doesn't work because of integer flow in pointer arithmetic, which is yet to be fixed, and second, even if it were fixed, this repo is doing float32 inference right now, so it would be fairly unusably slow. Once the export is done, we can run it:
+
+```bash
+./run llama2_7b.bin
+```
+
+This ran at about 4 tokens/s compiled with [OpenMP](#OpenMP) on 96 threads on my CPU Linux box in the cloud. (On my MacBook Air M1, currently it's closer to 30 seconds per token if you just build with `make runfast`.) Example output:
+
+> The purpose of this document is to highlight the state-of-the-art of CoO generation technologies, both recent developments and those in commercial use. The focus is on the technologies with the highest merit to become the dominating processes of the future and therefore to be technologies of interest to S&amp;T ... R&amp;D. As such, CoO generation technologies developed in Russia, Japan and Europe are described in some depth. The document starts with an introduction to cobalt oxides as complex products and a short view on cobalt as an essential material. The document continues with the discussion of the available CoO generation processes with respect to energy and capital consumption as well as to environmental damage.
+
+base models... ¯\\_(ツ)_/¯. Since we can inference the base model, it should be possible to also inference the chat model quite easily, and have a conversation with it. And if we can find a way to run 7B more efficiently, we can start adding LoRA to our training script, and going wild with finetunes all within the repo!
+
+You can also try Meta's Code Llama models even if support for them is incomplete. In particular, some hyperparameters changed (e.g. the constant in RoPE layer), so the inference is not exactly correct and a bit buggy right now. Looking into fixes. Make sure to build the tokenizer for the plain and instruct variants and pass it when doing inference.
+
+```bash
+python export.py codellama2_7b.bin --meta-llama /path/to/CodeLlama-7b
+python tokenizer.py --tokenizer-model=/path/to/CodeLlama-7b/tokenizer.model
+./run codellama2_7b.bin -z /path/to/CodeLlama-7b/tokenizer.bin
+```
+
+Chat with Code Llama Instruct:
+
+```bash
+python export.py codellama2_7b_instruct.bin --meta-llama /path/to/CodeLlama-7b-Instruct
+python tokenizer.py --tokenizer-model=/path/to/CodeLlama-7b-Instruct/tokenizer.model
+./run codellama2_7b_instruct.bin -m chat -z /path/to/CodeLlama-7b-Instruct/tokenizer.bin
+```
+
+
+## huggingface models
+
+We can load any huggingface models that use the Llama 2 architecture. See the script [export.py](export.py) and the `--hf` flag to export the model .bin file.
+
+## models
+
+For the sake of examples of smaller, from-scratch models, I trained a small model series on TinyStories. All of these trained in a few hours on my training setup (4X A100 40GB GPUs). The 110M took around 24 hours. I am hosting them on huggingface hub [tinyllamas](https://huggingface.co/karpathy/tinyllamas), both in the original PyTorch .pt, and also in the llama2.c format .bin:
+
+| model | dim | n_layers | n_heads | n_kv_heads | max context length | parameters | val loss | download
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| 260K | 64 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 512 | 260K | 1.297 | [stories260K](https://huggingface.co/karpathy/tinyllamas/tree/main/stories260K)
+| OG | 288 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 256 | 15M | 1.072 | [stories15M.bin](https://huggingface.co/karpathy/tinyllamas/resolve/main/stories15M.bin) |
+| 42M| 512 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 1024 | 42M | 0.847 | [stories42M.bin](https://huggingface.co/karpathy/tinyllamas/resolve/main/stories42M.bin) |
+| 110M| 768 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 1024 | 110M | 0.760 | [stories110M.bin](https://huggingface.co/karpathy/tinyllamas/resolve/main/stories110M.bin) |
+
+You'll notice that the 110M model is equivalent to GPT-1 in size. Alternatively, this is also the smallest model in the GPT-2 series (`GPT-2 small`), except the max context length is only 1024 instead of 2048. The only notable changes from GPT-1/2 architecture is that Llama uses RoPE relatively positional embeddings instead of absolute/learned positional embeddings, a bit more fancy SwiGLU non-linearity in the MLP, RMSNorm instead of LayerNorm, bias=False on all Linear layers, and is optionally multiquery.
+
+
+## training
+
+Let's see how we can train a baby Llama 2 from scratch using the code in this repo. First let's download and pretokenize some source dataset, e.g. I like [TinyStories](https://huggingface.co/datasets/roneneldan/TinyStories) so this is the only example currently available in this repo. But it should be very easy to add datasets, see the code.
+
+```bash
+python tinystories.py download
+python tinystories.py pretokenize
+```
+
+Then train our model:
+
+```bash
+python train.py
+```
+
+**brief training guide**. See the train.py script for more exotic launches and hyperparameter overrides. Here is a brief guide to how to set the parameters. Look at the table at the very end of the [Chinchilla paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.15556) to get a sense of how the Transformer parameters (dim, n_layers, n_heads) grow or shrink together. Extrapolate/interpolate this pattern to get bigger or smaller transformers. Set the max context length however you wish, depending on the problem: this should be the max number of tokens that matter to predict the next token. E.g. Llama 2 uses 2048. Next, you want the _total_ batch size per update (printed by the script as "tokens per iteration will be:") to be somewhere around 100K tokens for medium-sized applications. For tiny applications it could be lower, for large training (e.g. GPTs/LLamas) it is usually ~0.5M, or even more. You get there by first maxing out the batch_size to whatever your system allows (e.g. mine was 16 in a recent run because after that my GPU runs out of memory), and then you want to increase gradient_accumulation_steps to be as high as necessary to reach the total batch size of ~100K. Finally, you want to tune your learning_rate (LR). You want this to be as high as your training allows. Very small networks can get away with a large LR (e.g. 1e-3 or even higher). Large networks need lower LRs. 3e-4 is a safe choice in most medium-sized applications, but can be too low for small networks, so try to increase it! Finally, max_iters is the length of training. Play with different settings. I mostly only ever tune these parameters and leave most of the others unchanged. Here is an example of how I trained the 110M model, which I don't think is anywhere near optimal, but looked sensible to me: dim 768, n_layers 12, n_heads 12 (so size of each head is 768 / 12 = 64 channels), seq len of 1024, batch size 16 (this is the most that fit my A100 40GB GPU), gradient_accumulation_steps = 8 was needed to get total tokens batch size to be 16 batch size * 1024 tokens in sequence * 8 grad_accum = 131,072 tokens per update. Good. Learning rate 4e-4 (probably a little too low). max_iters 200K (probably a bit too high). Dropout 0.1, as that usually helps a bit at medium size. That was it. I ran using Distributed Data Parallel (DDP) on 4 GPUs on my cloud machine, training took ~day or so.
+
+Totally understand if you want to skip model training, for simple demo just download one of the pretrained models (see [models](#models) section), e.g.:
+
+```bash
+wget https://huggingface.co/karpathy/tinyllamas/resolve/main/stories15M.bin
+```
+
+Once we have the model.bin file, we can inference in C. Compile the C code first:
+
+```bash
+llgo run . -m stories15M.bin
+```

_demo/llama2-c/run.go

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/llama2"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	var prompt *c.Char = c.Str("Once upon a time")
+	var checkpointPath *c.Char = c.Str("stories15M.bin")
+	var tokenizerPath *c.Char = c.Str("tokenizer.bin")
+	var temperature, topp c.Float = 1.0, 0.9
+	var steps c.Int = 256
+	var rngSeed uint64 = uint64(c.Time(nil))
+
+loop: // parse command line arguments
+	for {
+		switch c.Getopt(c.Argc, c.Argv, c.Str("m:")) {
+		case 'm':
+			checkpointPath = c.Optarg
+			c.Fprintf(c.Stderr, c.Str("==> use model: %s\n"), checkpointPath)
+		case -1:
+			break loop
+		}
+	}
+	if c.Optind < c.Argc {
+		prompt = c.Index(c.Argv, c.Optind)
+		c.Fprintf(c.Stderr, c.Str("==> prompt: %s\n"), prompt)
+	}
+
+	// build the Transformer via the model .bin file
+	var transformer llama2.Transformer
+	llama2.BuildTransformer(&transformer, checkpointPath)
+
+	// build the Tokenizer via the tokenizer .bin file
+	var tokenizer llama2.Tokenizer
+	llama2.BuildTokenizer(&tokenizer, tokenizerPath, transformer.Config.VocabSize)
+
+	// build the Sampler
+	var sampler llama2.Sampler
+	llama2.BuildSampler(&sampler, transformer.Config.VocabSize, temperature, topp, rngSeed)
+
+	// run!
+	llama2.Generate(&transformer, &tokenizer, &sampler, prompt, steps)
+
+	// memory and file handles cleanup
+	llama2.FreeSampler(&sampler)
+	llama2.FreeTokenizer(&tokenizer)
+	llama2.FreeTransformer(&transformer)
+}

_demo/qsort/qsort.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	a := [...]int{100, 8, 23, 2, 7}
+	c.Qsort(c.Pointer(&a), 5, unsafe.Sizeof(0), func(a, b c.Pointer) c.Int {
+		return c.Int(*(*int)(a) - *(*int)(b))
+	})
+	for _, v := range a {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), v)
+	}
+}
+
+/* Expected output:
+2
+7
+8
+23
+100
+*/

_demo/sqlite/sqlite.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/sqlite"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	c.Remove(c.Str("test.db"))
+
+	db, err := sqlite.Open(c.Str("test.db"))
+	check(err, db, "sqlite: Open")
+
+	err = db.Exec(c.Str("CREATE TABLE users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT)"), nil, nil, nil)
+	check(err, db, "sqlite: Exec CREATE TABLE")
+
+	stmt, err := db.PrepareV3("INSERT INTO users (id, name) VALUES (?, ?)", 0, nil)
+	check(err, db, "sqlite: PrepareV3 INSERT")
+
+	stmt.BindInt(1, 100)
+	stmt.BindText(2, c.Str("Hello World"), -1, nil)
+
+	err = stmt.Step()
+	checkDone(err, db, "sqlite: Step INSERT 1")
+
+	stmt.Reset()
+	stmt.BindInt(1, 200)
+	stmt.BindText(2, c.Str("This is llgo"), -1, nil)
+
+	err = stmt.Step()
+	checkDone(err, db, "sqlite: Step INSERT 2")
+
+	stmt.Close()
+
+	stmt, err = db.PrepareV3("SELECT * FROM users", 0, nil)
+	check(err, db, "sqlite: PrepareV3 SELECT")
+
+	for {
+		if err = stmt.Step(); err != sqlite.HasRow {
+			break
+		}
+		c.Printf(c.Str("==> id=%d, name=%s\n"), stmt.ColumnInt(0), stmt.ColumnText(1))
+	}
+	checkDone(err, db, "sqlite: Step done")
+
+	stmt.Close()
+	db.Close()
+}
+
+func check(err sqlite.Errno, db *sqlite.Sqlite3, at string) {
+	if err != sqlite.OK {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("==> %s Error: (%d) %s\n"), c.AllocaCStr(at), err, db.Errmsg())
+		c.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
+
+func checkDone(err sqlite.Errno, db *sqlite.Sqlite3, at string) {
+	if err != sqlite.Done {
+		check(err, db, at)
+	}
+}

c/c.go

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package c
+
+// typedef unsigned int uint;
+import "C"
+import "unsafe"
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "decl"
+)
+
+type (
+	Char    = int8
+	Int     = C.int
+	Uint    = C.uint
+	Float   = float32
+	Pointer = unsafe.Pointer
+	FilePtr = unsafe.Pointer
+)
+
+type integer interface {
+	~int | ~uint | ~uintptr | ~int32 | ~uint32 | ~int64 | ~uint64
+}
+
+//go:linkname Str llgo.cstr
+func Str(string) *Char
+
+// llgo:link Advance llgo.advance
+func Advance[PtrT any](ptr PtrT, offset int) PtrT { return ptr }
+
+// llgo:link Index llgo.index
+func Index[T any, I integer](ptr *T, offset I) T { return *ptr }
+
+//go:linkname Alloca llgo.alloca
+func Alloca(size uintptr) Pointer
+
+//go:linkname AllocaCStr llgo.allocaCStr
+func AllocaCStr(s string) *Char
+
+//go:linkname Unreachable llgo.unreachable
+func Unreachable()
+
+//go:linkname Malloc C.malloc
+func Malloc(size uintptr) Pointer
+
+//go:linkname Memcpy C.memcpy
+func Memcpy(dst, src Pointer, n uintptr) Pointer
+
+//go:linkname Memset C.memset
+func Memset(s Pointer, c Int, n uintptr) Pointer
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname GoStringData github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData
+func GoStringData(string) *Char
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname Remove C.remove
+func Remove(path *Char) Int
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname Exit C.exit
+func Exit(Int)
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname Rand C.rand
+func Rand() Int
+
+//go:linkname Qsort C.qsort
+func Qsort(base Pointer, count, elem uintptr, compar func(a, b Pointer) Int)
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname Stdin __stdinp
+var Stdin FilePtr
+
+//go:linkname Stdout __stdoutp
+var Stdout FilePtr
+
+//go:linkname Stderr __stderrp
+var Stderr FilePtr
+
+//go:linkname Printf C.printf
+func Printf(format *Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) Int
+
+//go:linkname Fprintf C.fprintf
+func Fprintf(fp FilePtr, format *Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) Int
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname Time C.time
+func Time(*int32) int32
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type Option struct {
+	Name   *Char
+	HasArg Int
+	Flag   *Int
+	Val    Int
+}
+
+//go:linkname Argc __llgo_argc
+var Argc Int
+
+//go:linkname Argv __llgo_argv
+var Argv **Char
+
+//go:linkname Optarg optarg
+var Optarg *Char
+
+//go:linkname Optind optind
+var Optind Int
+
+//go:linkname Opterr opterr
+var Opterr Int
+
+//go:linkname Optopt optopt
+var Optopt Int
+
+//go:linkname Getopt C.getopt
+func Getopt(argc Int, argv **Char, optstring *Char) Int
+
+//go:linkname GetoptLong C.getopt_long
+func GetoptLong(argc Int, argv **Char, optstring *Char, longopts *Option, longindex *Int) Int
+
+//go:linkname GetoptLongOnly C.getopt_long_only
+func GetoptLongOnly(argc Int, argv **Char, optstring *Char, longopts *Option, longindex *Int) Int
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

chore/clangast/clangast.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/clang/parser"
+)
+
+var (
+	dump = flag.Bool("dump", false, "dump AST")
+)
+
+func usage() {
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Usage: clangast [-dump] source.i\n")
+	flag.PrintDefaults()
+}
+
+func main() {
+	flag.Usage = usage
+	flag.Parse()
+	if flag.NArg() < 1 {
+		usage()
+		return
+	}
+	var file = flag.Arg(0)
+	var err error
+	if *dump {
+		doc, _, e := parser.DumpAST(file, nil)
+		if e == nil {
+			os.Stdout.Write(doc)
+			return
+		}
+		err = e
+	} else {
+		doc, _, e := parser.ParseFile(file, 0)
+		if e == nil {
+			enc := json.NewEncoder(os.Stdout)
+			enc.SetIndent("", "  ")
+			check(enc.Encode(doc))
+			return
+		}
+		err = e
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+	os.Exit(1)
+}
+
+func check(err error) {
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}

chore/clangpp/clangpp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/clang/preprocessor"
+)
+
+func usage() {
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Usage: clangpp source.c\n")
+}
+
+func main() {
+	if len(os.Args) < 2 {
+		usage()
+		return
+	}
+	infile := os.Args[1]
+	outfile := infile + ".i"
+	if err := preprocessor.Do(infile, outfile, nil); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}

chore/gentests/gentests.go

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/llgen"
+	"github.com/goplus/mod"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	dir, _, err := mod.FindGoMod(".")
+	check(err)
+
+	llgen.Verbose = false
+
+	llgenDir(dir + "/cl/_testlibc")
+	llgenDir(dir + "/cl/_testrt")
+	llgenDir(dir+"/cl/_testdata", "")
+}
+
+func llgenDir(dir string, pkgPath ...string) {
+	fis, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	check(err)
+	for _, fi := range fis {
+		name := fi.Name()
+		if !fi.IsDir() || strings.HasPrefix(name, "_") {
+			continue
+		}
+		testDir := dir + "/" + name
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "llgen", testDir)
+		os.Chdir(testDir)
+		llgen.SmartDoFile("in.go", pkgPath...)
+	}
+}
+
+func check(err error) {
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}

chore/llgen/llgen.go

@@ -19,29 +19,16 @@ package main
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/llgen"
 )
 
 func main() {
 	if len(os.Args) < 2 {
-		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Usage: llgen xxx.go [pkgPath]")
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Usage: llgen <pkg> [pkgPath]")
 		return
 	}
 
-	inFile := os.Args[1]
-
-	dir, _ := filepath.Split(inFile)
-	outFile := dir + "out.ll"
-
-	pkgPath := ""
-	if len(os.Args) == 3 {
-		pkgPath = os.Args[2]
-	} else {
-		pkgPath = llgen.PkgPath(dir)
-	}
-
 	llgen.Init()
-	llgen.Do(pkgPath, inFile, outFile)
+	llgen.SmartDoFile(os.Args[1], os.Args[2:]...)
 }

chore/nmdump/nmdump.go

@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"log"
 	"os"
 
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/nm"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/env/llvm"
 )
 
 func main() {
@@ -29,9 +30,8 @@ func main() {
 		return
 	}
 
-	nm := nm.New("nm")
+	nm := llvm.New().Nm()
 	items, err := nm.List(os.Args[1])
-	check(err)
 	for _, item := range items {
 		if item.File != "" {
 			fmt.Printf("\n%s:\n", item.File)
@@ -44,10 +44,7 @@ func main() {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-}
-
-func check(err error) {
 	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
+		log.Println(err)
 	}
 }

chore/nmindex/nmindex.go

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ func makeIndex() {
 		usrLib(true),
 		stdLib("LLGO_STDROOT"),
 		stdLib("LLGO_USRROOT"),
+		pythonLib(),
 	}
 	err := b.Index(libDirs, idxDir, func(path string) {
 		fmt.Println("==>", path)
@@ -103,6 +104,10 @@ func usrLib(local bool) string {
 	return "/usr/lib"
 }
 
+func pythonLib() string {
+	return os.Getenv("LLGO_PYTHON_ROOT")
+}
+
 func check(err error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)

cl/_testdata/apkg/out.ll

@@ -3,6 +3,18 @@ source_filename = "apkg"
 
 @"apkg.init$guard" = global ptr null
 
+define double @apkg.Max(double %0, double %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = fcmp ogt double %0, %1
+  br i1 %2, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  ret double %0
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  ret double %1
+}
+
 define void @apkg.init() {
 _llgo_0:
   %0 = load i1, ptr @"apkg.init$guard", align 1
@@ -15,15 +27,3 @@ _llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
 _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
   ret void
 }
-
-define double @apkg.Max(double %0, double %1) {
-_llgo_0:
-  %2 = fcmp ogt double %0, %1
-  br i1 %2, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
-
-_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
-  ret double %0
-
-_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
-  ret double %1
-}

cl/_testdata/fncall/out.ll

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 source_filename = "main"
 
 @"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
 
 define void @main.init() {
 _llgo_0:
@@ -16,6 +18,16 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
   ret void
 }
 
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call i64 @main.max(i64 1, i64 2)
+  ret void
+}
+
 define i64 @main.max(i64 %0, i64 %1) {
 _llgo_0:
   %2 = icmp sgt i64 %0, %1
@@ -28,9 +40,4 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
   ret i64 %1
 }
 
-define void @main() {
-_llgo_0:
-  call void @main.init()
-  %0 = call i64 @main.max(i64 1, i64 2)
-  ret void
-}
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()

cl/_testdata/importpkg/out.ll

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 ; ModuleID = 'main'
 source_filename = "main"
 
-@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
 @main.hello = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
 
 define void @main.init() {
 _llgo_0:
@@ -25,16 +27,21 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
   ret void
 }
 
-define void @main() {
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
 _llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
-  %0 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/stdio.Max"(i64 2, i64 100)
+  %2 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/stdio.Max"(i64 2, i64 100)
   call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.hello)
   ret void
 }
 
 declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/stdio.init"()
 
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
 declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/stdio.Max"(i64, i64)
 
 declare void @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testdata/method/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package main
+
+import _ "unsafe"
+
+type T int
+
+func (a T) Add(b T) T {
+	return a + b
+}
+
+//go:linkname printf C.printf
+func printf(format *int8, __llgo_va_list ...any)
+
+var format = [...]int8{'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', '%', 'd', '\n', 0}
+
+func main() {
+	a := T(1)
+	printf(&format[0], a.Add(2))
+}

cl/_testdata/method/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@main.format = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+
+define i64 @"(main.T).Add"(i64 %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = add i64 %0, %1
+  ret i64 %2
+}
+
+define i64 @"(*main.T).Add"(ptr %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = load i64, ptr %0, align 4
+  %3 = call i64 @"(main.T).Add"(i64 %2, i64 %1)
+  ret i64 %3
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  store i8 72, ptr @main.format, align 1
+  store i8 101, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 1), align 1
+  store i8 108, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 2), align 1
+  store i8 108, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 3), align 1
+  store i8 111, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 4), align 1
+  store i8 32, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 5), align 1
+  store i8 37, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 6), align 1
+  store i8 100, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 7), align 1
+  store i8 10, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 8), align 1
+  store i8 0, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 9), align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call i64 @"(main.T).Add"(i64 1, i64 2)
+  call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.format, i64 %2)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare void @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testdata/print/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func gwrite(b []byte) {
+	if len(b) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%s"), b)
+}
+
+func printfloat(v float64) {
+	switch {
+	case v != v:
+		printstring("NaN")
+		return
+	case v+v == v && v > 0:
+		printstring("+Inf")
+		return
+	case v+v == v && v < 0:
+		printstring("-Inf")
+		return
+	}
+
+	const n = 7 // digits printed
+	var buf [n + 7]byte
+	buf[0] = '+'
+	e := 0 // exp
+	if v == 0 {
+		if 1/v < 0 {
+			buf[0] = '-'
+		}
+	} else {
+		if v < 0 {
+			v = -v
+			buf[0] = '-'
+		}
+
+		// normalize
+		for v >= 10 {
+			e++
+			v /= 10
+		}
+		for v < 1 {
+			e--
+			v *= 10
+		}
+
+		// round
+		h := 5.0
+		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+			h /= 10
+		}
+		v += h
+		if v >= 10 {
+			e++
+			v /= 10
+		}
+	}
+
+	// format +d.dddd+edd
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		s := int(v)
+		buf[i+2] = byte(s + '0')
+		v -= float64(s)
+		v *= 10
+	}
+	buf[1] = buf[2]
+	buf[2] = '.'
+
+	buf[n+2] = 'e'
+	buf[n+3] = '+'
+	if e < 0 {
+		e = -e
+		buf[n+3] = '-'
+	}
+
+	buf[n+4] = byte(e/100) + '0'
+	buf[n+5] = byte(e/10)%10 + '0'
+	buf[n+6] = byte(e%10) + '0'
+	gwrite(buf[:])
+}
+
+func printuint(v uint64) {
+	var buf [100]byte
+	i := len(buf)
+	for i--; i > 0; i-- {
+		buf[i] = byte(v%10 + '0')
+		if v < 10 {
+			break
+		}
+		v /= 10
+	}
+	gwrite(buf[i:])
+}
+
+func printint(v int64) {
+	if v < 0 {
+		printstring("-")
+		v = -v
+	}
+	printuint(uint64(v))
+}
+
+var minhexdigits = 0
+
+func printhex(v uint64) {
+	const dig = "0123456789abcdef"
+	var buf [100]byte
+	i := len(buf)
+	for i--; i > 0; i-- {
+		buf[i] = dig[v%16]
+		if v < 16 && len(buf)-i >= minhexdigits {
+			break
+		}
+		v /= 16
+	}
+	i--
+	buf[i] = 'x'
+	i--
+	buf[i] = '0'
+	gwrite(buf[i:])
+}
+
+func printsp() {
+	printstring(" ")
+}
+
+func printnl() {
+	printstring("\n")
+}
+
+func printstring(s string) {
+	gwrite(bytes(s))
+}
+
+type slice struct {
+	array unsafe.Pointer
+	len   int
+	cap   int
+}
+
+type stringStruct struct {
+	str unsafe.Pointer
+	len int
+}
+
+func stringStructOf(sp *string) *stringStruct {
+	return (*stringStruct)(unsafe.Pointer(sp))
+}
+
+func bytes(s string) (ret []byte) {
+	rp := (*slice)(unsafe.Pointer(&ret))
+	sp := stringStructOf(&s)
+	rp.array = sp.str
+	rp.len = sp.len
+	rp.cap = sp.len
+	return
+}
+
+func main() {
+	printstring("llgo")
+	printnl()
+	printuint(1024)
+	printnl()
+	printhex(0x1234abcf)
+	printnl()
+	prinxor(1)
+	printnl()
+	prinsub(100)
+	printnl()
+	prinusub(1<<64 - 1)
+	printnl()
+	prinfsub(100.1)
+	printnl()
+	printnum(float32(1e9))
+	printnl()
+	printnum(float64(2e9))
+	printnl()
+}
+
+func printnum(v any) {
+	switch v := v.(type) {
+	case int:
+		printint(int64(v))
+	case int8:
+		printint(int64(v))
+	case int16:
+		printint(int64(v))
+	case int32:
+		printint(int64(v))
+	case int64:
+		printint(int64(v))
+	case uint:
+		printuint(uint64(v))
+	case uint8:
+		printuint(uint64(v))
+	case uint16:
+		printuint(uint64(v))
+	case uint32:
+		printuint(uint64(v))
+	case uint64:
+		printuint(uint64(v))
+	case uintptr:
+		printuint(uint64(v))
+	case float32:
+		printfloat(float64(v))
+	case float64:
+		printfloat(float64(v))
+	}
+}
+
+func prinxor(n int64) {
+	printint(^n)
+}
+
+func prinsub(n int64) {
+	printint(-n)
+}
+
+func prinusub(n uint64) {
+	printuint(-n)
+}
+
+func prinfsub(n float64) {
+	printfloat(-n)
+}

cl/_testdata/print/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,610 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" = type { ptr, i64, i64 }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" = type { ptr, i64 }
+%main.stringStruct = type { ptr, i64 }
+%main.slice = type { ptr, i64, i64 }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" = type { ptr, ptr }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@main.minhexdigits = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [3 x i8] c"%s\00", align 1
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [5 x i8] c"llgo\00", align 1
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"NaN\00", align 1
+@3 = private unnamed_addr constant [5 x i8] c"+Inf\00", align 1
+@4 = private unnamed_addr constant [5 x i8] c"-Inf\00", align 1
+@5 = private unnamed_addr constant [17 x i8] c"0123456789abcdef\00", align 1
+@6 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"-\00", align 1
+@7 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"\0A\00", align 1
+@8 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c" \00", align 1
+
+define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @main.bytes(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 16)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0, ptr %1, align 8
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 24)
+  %3 = call ptr @main.stringStructOf(ptr %1)
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds %main.stringStruct, ptr %3, i32 0, i32 0
+  %5 = load ptr, ptr %4, align 8
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %main.slice, ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %5, ptr %6, align 8
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %main.stringStruct, ptr %3, i32 0, i32 1
+  %8 = load i64, ptr %7, align 4
+  %9 = getelementptr inbounds %main.slice, ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
+  store i64 %8, ptr %9, align 4
+  %10 = getelementptr inbounds %main.stringStruct, ptr %3, i32 0, i32 1
+  %11 = load i64, ptr %10, align 4
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %main.slice, ptr %2, i32 0, i32 2
+  store i64 %11, ptr %12, align 4
+  %13 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %2, align 8
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %13
+}
+
+define void @main.gwrite(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0)
+  %2 = icmp eq i64 %1, 0
+  br i1 %2, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %3 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  store i64 0, ptr @main.minhexdigits, align 4
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @1, i64 4)
+  call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2)
+  call void @main.printnl()
+  call void @main.printuint(i64 1024)
+  call void @main.printnl()
+  call void @main.printhex(i64 305441743)
+  call void @main.printnl()
+  call void @main.prinxor(i64 1)
+  call void @main.printnl()
+  call void @main.prinsub(i64 100)
+  call void @main.printnl()
+  call void @main.prinusub(i64 -1)
+  call void @main.printnl()
+  call void @main.prinfsub(double 1.001000e+02)
+  call void @main.printnl()
+  %3 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 13)
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %3, i64 1315859240)
+  call void @main.printnum(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %4)
+  call void @main.printnl()
+  %5 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 14)
+  %6 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %5, i64 4746175415993761792)
+  call void @main.printnum(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %6)
+  call void @main.printnl()
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.prinfsub(double %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = fneg double %0
+  call void @main.printfloat(double %1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.prinsub(i64 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = sub i64 0, %0
+  call void @main.printint(i64 %1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.printfloat(double %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = fcmp one double %0, %0
+  br i1 %1, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %2 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @2, i64 3)
+  call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2)
+  ret void
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_7
+  %3 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @3, i64 4)
+  call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %3)
+  ret void
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %4 = fadd double %0, %0
+  %5 = fcmp oeq double %4, %0
+  br i1 %5, label %_llgo_6, label %_llgo_7
+
+_llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_10
+  %6 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @4, i64 4)
+  call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %6)
+  ret void
+
+_llgo_5:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_7
+  %7 = fadd double %0, %0
+  %8 = fcmp oeq double %7, %0
+  br i1 %8, label %_llgo_9, label %_llgo_10
+
+_llgo_6:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
+  %9 = fcmp ogt double %0, 0.000000e+00
+  br label %_llgo_7
+
+_llgo_7:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_6, %_llgo_3
+  %10 = phi i1 [ false, %_llgo_3 ], [ %9, %_llgo_6 ]
+  br i1 %10, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_5
+
+_llgo_8:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_10
+  %11 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 14)
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %11, i64 0
+  store i8 43, ptr %12, align 1
+  %13 = fcmp oeq double %0, 0.000000e+00
+  br i1 %13, label %_llgo_11, label %_llgo_13
+
+_llgo_9:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_5
+  %14 = fcmp olt double %0, 0.000000e+00
+  br label %_llgo_10
+
+_llgo_10:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_9, %_llgo_5
+  %15 = phi i1 [ false, %_llgo_5 ], [ %14, %_llgo_9 ]
+  br i1 %15, label %_llgo_4, label %_llgo_8
+
+_llgo_11:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_8
+  %16 = fdiv double 1.000000e+00, %0
+  %17 = fcmp olt double %16, 0.000000e+00
+  br i1 %17, label %_llgo_14, label %_llgo_12
+
+_llgo_12:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_24, %_llgo_22, %_llgo_14, %_llgo_11
+  %18 = phi double [ %0, %_llgo_11 ], [ %36, %_llgo_22 ], [ %0, %_llgo_14 ], [ %42, %_llgo_24 ]
+  %19 = phi i64 [ 0, %_llgo_11 ], [ %32, %_llgo_22 ], [ 0, %_llgo_14 ], [ %41, %_llgo_24 ]
+  br label %_llgo_27
+
+_llgo_13:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_8
+  %20 = fcmp olt double %0, 0.000000e+00
+  br i1 %20, label %_llgo_15, label %_llgo_17
+
+_llgo_14:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_11
+  %21 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %11, i64 0
+  store i8 45, ptr %21, align 1
+  br label %_llgo_12
+
+_llgo_15:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_13
+  %22 = fneg double %0
+  %23 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %11, i64 0
+  store i8 45, ptr %23, align 1
+  br label %_llgo_17
+
+_llgo_16:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_17
+  %24 = add i64 %27, 1
+  %25 = fdiv double %26, 1.000000e+01
+  br label %_llgo_17
+
+_llgo_17:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_16, %_llgo_15, %_llgo_13
+  %26 = phi double [ %0, %_llgo_13 ], [ %25, %_llgo_16 ], [ %22, %_llgo_15 ]
+  %27 = phi i64 [ 0, %_llgo_13 ], [ %24, %_llgo_16 ], [ 0, %_llgo_15 ]
+  %28 = fcmp oge double %26, 1.000000e+01
+  br i1 %28, label %_llgo_16, label %_llgo_20
+
+_llgo_18:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_20
+  %29 = sub i64 %32, 1
+  %30 = fmul double %31, 1.000000e+01
+  br label %_llgo_20
+
+_llgo_19:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_20
+  br label %_llgo_23
+
+_llgo_20:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_18, %_llgo_17
+  %31 = phi double [ %26, %_llgo_17 ], [ %30, %_llgo_18 ]
+  %32 = phi i64 [ %27, %_llgo_17 ], [ %29, %_llgo_18 ]
+  %33 = fcmp olt double %31, 1.000000e+00
+  br i1 %33, label %_llgo_18, label %_llgo_19
+
+_llgo_21:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_23
+  %34 = fdiv double %38, 1.000000e+01
+  %35 = add i64 %39, 1
+  br label %_llgo_23
+
+_llgo_22:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_23
+  %36 = fadd double %31, %38
+  %37 = fcmp oge double %36, 1.000000e+01
+  br i1 %37, label %_llgo_24, label %_llgo_12
+
+_llgo_23:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_21, %_llgo_19
+  %38 = phi double [ 5.000000e+00, %_llgo_19 ], [ %34, %_llgo_21 ]
+  %39 = phi i64 [ 0, %_llgo_19 ], [ %35, %_llgo_21 ]
+  %40 = icmp slt i64 %39, 7
+  br i1 %40, label %_llgo_21, label %_llgo_22
+
+_llgo_24:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_22
+  %41 = add i64 %32, 1
+  %42 = fdiv double %36, 1.000000e+01
+  br label %_llgo_12
+
+_llgo_25:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_27
+  %43 = fptosi double %59 to i64
+  %44 = add i64 %60, 2
+  %45 = add i64 %43, 48
+  %46 = trunc i64 %45 to i8
+  %47 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %11, i64 %44
+  store i8 %46, ptr %47, align 1
+  %48 = sitofp i64 %43 to double
+  %49 = fsub double %59, %48
+  %50 = fmul double %49, 1.000000e+01
+  %51 = add i64 %60, 1
+  br label %_llgo_27
+
+_llgo_26:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_27
+  %52 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %11, i64 2
+  %53 = load i8, ptr %52, align 1
+  %54 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %11, i64 1
+  store i8 %53, ptr %54, align 1
+  %55 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %11, i64 2
+  store i8 46, ptr %55, align 1
+  %56 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %11, i64 9
+  store i8 101, ptr %56, align 1
+  %57 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %11, i64 10
+  store i8 43, ptr %57, align 1
+  %58 = icmp slt i64 %19, 0
+  br i1 %58, label %_llgo_28, label %_llgo_29
+
+_llgo_27:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_25, %_llgo_12
+  %59 = phi double [ %18, %_llgo_12 ], [ %50, %_llgo_25 ]
+  %60 = phi i64 [ 0, %_llgo_12 ], [ %51, %_llgo_25 ]
+  %61 = icmp slt i64 %60, 7
+  br i1 %61, label %_llgo_25, label %_llgo_26
+
+_llgo_28:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_26
+  %62 = sub i64 0, %19
+  %63 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %11, i64 10
+  store i8 45, ptr %63, align 1
+  br label %_llgo_29
+
+_llgo_29:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_28, %_llgo_26
+  %64 = phi i64 [ %19, %_llgo_26 ], [ %62, %_llgo_28 ]
+  %65 = sdiv i64 %64, 100
+  %66 = trunc i64 %65 to i8
+  %67 = add i8 %66, 48
+  %68 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %11, i64 11
+  store i8 %67, ptr %68, align 1
+  %69 = sdiv i64 %64, 10
+  %70 = trunc i64 %69 to i8
+  %71 = urem i8 %70, 10
+  %72 = add i8 %71, 48
+  %73 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %11, i64 12
+  store i8 %72, ptr %73, align 1
+  %74 = srem i64 %64, 10
+  %75 = trunc i64 %74 to i8
+  %76 = add i8 %75, 48
+  %77 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %11, i64 13
+  store i8 %76, ptr %77, align 1
+  %78 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %11, i64 1, i64 14, i64 0, i64 14, i64 14)
+  call void @main.gwrite(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %78)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.printhex(i64 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 100)
+  br label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
+  %2 = urem i64 %14, 16
+  %3 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @5, i64 16)
+  %4 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %3)
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %4, i64 %2
+  %6 = load i8, ptr %5, align 1
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %1, i64 %15
+  store i8 %6, ptr %7, align 1
+  %8 = icmp ult i64 %14, 16
+  br i1 %8, label %_llgo_5, label %_llgo_4
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_5, %_llgo_3
+  %9 = sub i64 %15, 1
+  %10 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %1, i64 %9
+  store i8 120, ptr %10, align 1
+  %11 = sub i64 %9, 1
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %1, i64 %11
+  store i8 48, ptr %12, align 1
+  %13 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %1, i64 1, i64 100, i64 %11, i64 100, i64 100)
+  call void @main.gwrite(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %13)
+  ret void
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_4, %_llgo_0
+  %14 = phi i64 [ %0, %_llgo_0 ], [ %17, %_llgo_4 ]
+  %15 = phi i64 [ 99, %_llgo_0 ], [ %18, %_llgo_4 ]
+  %16 = icmp sgt i64 %15, 0
+  br i1 %16, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_5, %_llgo_1
+  %17 = udiv i64 %14, 16
+  %18 = sub i64 %15, 1
+  br label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_5:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %19 = sub i64 100, %15
+  %20 = load i64, ptr @main.minhexdigits, align 4
+  %21 = icmp sge i64 %19, %20
+  br i1 %21, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_4
+}
+
+define void @main.printint(i64 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = icmp slt i64 %0, 0
+  br i1 %1, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %2 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @6, i64 1)
+  call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2)
+  %3 = sub i64 0, %0
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  %4 = phi i64 [ %0, %_llgo_0 ], [ %3, %_llgo_1 ]
+  call void @main.printuint(i64 %4)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.printnl() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @7, i64 1)
+  call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.printnum(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 2)
+  %2 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %1)
+  %3 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %2, 0
+  %4 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %2, 1
+  br i1 %4, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_26, %_llgo_25, %_llgo_24, %_llgo_22, %_llgo_20, %_llgo_18, %_llgo_16, %_llgo_14, %_llgo_12, %_llgo_10, %_llgo_8, %_llgo_6, %_llgo_4, %_llgo_2
+  ret void
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  call void @main.printint(i64 %3)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %5 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 3)
+  %6 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %5)
+  %7 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %6, 0
+  %8 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %6, 1
+  br i1 %8, label %_llgo_4, label %_llgo_5
+
+_llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
+  call void @main.printint(i64 %7)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_5:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
+  %9 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 4)
+  %10 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %9)
+  %11 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %10, 0
+  %12 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %10, 1
+  br i1 %12, label %_llgo_6, label %_llgo_7
+
+_llgo_6:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_5
+  call void @main.printint(i64 %11)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_7:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_5
+  %13 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 5)
+  %14 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %13)
+  %15 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %14, 0
+  %16 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %14, 1
+  br i1 %16, label %_llgo_8, label %_llgo_9
+
+_llgo_8:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_7
+  call void @main.printint(i64 %15)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_9:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_7
+  %17 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 6)
+  %18 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %17)
+  %19 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %18, 0
+  %20 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %18, 1
+  br i1 %20, label %_llgo_10, label %_llgo_11
+
+_llgo_10:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_9
+  call void @main.printint(i64 %19)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_11:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_9
+  %21 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 7)
+  %22 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %21)
+  %23 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %22, 0
+  %24 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %22, 1
+  br i1 %24, label %_llgo_12, label %_llgo_13
+
+_llgo_12:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_11
+  call void @main.printuint(i64 %23)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_13:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_11
+  %25 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 8)
+  %26 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %25)
+  %27 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %26, 0
+  %28 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %26, 1
+  br i1 %28, label %_llgo_14, label %_llgo_15
+
+_llgo_14:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_13
+  call void @main.printuint(i64 %27)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_15:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_13
+  %29 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 9)
+  %30 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %29)
+  %31 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %30, 0
+  %32 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %30, 1
+  br i1 %32, label %_llgo_16, label %_llgo_17
+
+_llgo_16:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_15
+  call void @main.printuint(i64 %31)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_17:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_15
+  %33 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 10)
+  %34 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %33)
+  %35 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %34, 0
+  %36 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %34, 1
+  br i1 %36, label %_llgo_18, label %_llgo_19
+
+_llgo_18:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_17
+  call void @main.printuint(i64 %35)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_19:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_17
+  %37 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 11)
+  %38 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %37)
+  %39 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %38, 0
+  %40 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %38, 1
+  br i1 %40, label %_llgo_20, label %_llgo_21
+
+_llgo_20:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_19
+  call void @main.printuint(i64 %39)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_21:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_19
+  %41 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 12)
+  %42 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %41)
+  %43 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %42, 0
+  %44 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %42, 1
+  br i1 %44, label %_llgo_22, label %_llgo_23
+
+_llgo_22:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_21
+  call void @main.printuint(i64 %43)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_23:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_21
+  %45 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 13)
+  %46 = call { float, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Float32"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %45)
+  %47 = extractvalue { float, i1 } %46, 0
+  %48 = extractvalue { float, i1 } %46, 1
+  br i1 %48, label %_llgo_24, label %_llgo_25
+
+_llgo_24:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_23
+  %49 = fpext float %47 to double
+  call void @main.printfloat(double %49)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_25:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_23
+  %50 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 14)
+  %51 = call { double, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Float64"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %50)
+  %52 = extractvalue { double, i1 } %51, 0
+  %53 = extractvalue { double, i1 } %51, 1
+  br i1 %53, label %_llgo_26, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_26:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_25
+  call void @main.printfloat(double %52)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+}
+
+define void @main.printsp() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @8, i64 1)
+  call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @main.bytes(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0)
+  call void @main.gwrite(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.printuint(i64 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 100)
+  br label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
+  %2 = urem i64 %8, 10
+  %3 = add i64 %2, 48
+  %4 = trunc i64 %3 to i8
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %1, i64 %9
+  store i8 %4, ptr %5, align 1
+  %6 = icmp ult i64 %8, 10
+  br i1 %6, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_4
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3, %_llgo_1
+  %7 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %1, i64 1, i64 100, i64 %9, i64 100, i64 100)
+  call void @main.gwrite(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  ret void
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_4, %_llgo_0
+  %8 = phi i64 [ %0, %_llgo_0 ], [ %11, %_llgo_4 ]
+  %9 = phi i64 [ 99, %_llgo_0 ], [ %12, %_llgo_4 ]
+  %10 = icmp sgt i64 %9, 0
+  br i1 %10, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %11 = udiv i64 %8, 10
+  %12 = sub i64 %9, 1
+  br label %_llgo_3
+}
+
+define void @main.prinusub(i64 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = sub i64 0, %0
+  call void @main.printuint(i64 %1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.prinxor(i64 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = xor i64 %0, -1
+  call void @main.printint(i64 %1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define ptr @main.stringStructOf(ptr %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  ret ptr %0
+}
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64)
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr, i64, i64, i64, i64, i64)
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+
+declare { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr)
+
+declare { float, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Float32"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr)
+
+declare { double, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Float64"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr)

cl/_testdata/printf/in.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package main
 
 import _ "unsafe"
 
-//go:linkname printf printf
+//go:linkname printf C.printf
 func printf(format *int8, __llgo_va_list ...any)
 
 var hello = [...]int8{'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\n', 0}

cl/_testdata/printf/out.ll

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 ; ModuleID = 'main'
 source_filename = "main"
 
-@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
 @main.hello = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
 
 define void @main.init() {
 _llgo_0:
@@ -24,11 +26,16 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
   ret void
 }
 
-declare void @printf(ptr, ...)
-
-define void @main() {
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
 _llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
   call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.hello)
   ret void
 }
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare void @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testdata/printval/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package main
+
+import _ "unsafe"
+
+//go:linkname printf C.printf
+func printf(format *int8, __llgo_va_list ...any)
+
+var format = [...]int8{'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', '%', 'd', '\n', 0}
+
+func main() {
+	printf(&format[0], 100)
+}

cl/_testdata/printval/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@main.format = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  store i8 72, ptr @main.format, align 1
+  store i8 101, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 1), align 1
+  store i8 108, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 2), align 1
+  store i8 108, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 3), align 1
+  store i8 111, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 4), align 1
+  store i8 32, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 5), align 1
+  store i8 37, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 6), align 1
+  store i8 100, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 7), align 1
+  store i8 10, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 8), align 1
+  store i8 0, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 9), align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.format, i64 100)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare void @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testdata/ptrmthd/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package main
+
+import _ "unsafe"
+
+//go:linkname printf C.printf
+func printf(format *int8, __llgo_va_list ...any)
+
+type T int8
+
+func (f *T) Print(v int) {
+	printf((*int8)(f), v)
+}
+
+var format = [...]T{'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', '%', 'd', '\n', 0}
+
+func main() {
+	f := &format[0]
+	f.Print(100)
+}

cl/_testdata/ptrmthd/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@main.format = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+
+define void @"(*main.T).Print"(ptr %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr %0, i64 %1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  store i8 72, ptr @main.format, align 1
+  store i8 101, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 1), align 1
+  store i8 108, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 2), align 1
+  store i8 108, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 3), align 1
+  store i8 111, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 4), align 1
+  store i8 32, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 5), align 1
+  store i8 37, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 6), align 1
+  store i8 100, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 7), align 1
+  store i8 10, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 8), align 1
+  store i8 0, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 9), align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  call void @"(*main.T).Print"(ptr @main.format, i64 100)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @printf(ptr, ...)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()

cl/_testdata/uint/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package main
+
+import "github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+
+func f(a c.Uint) c.Uint {
+	a++
+	return a
+}
+
+func main() {
+	var a c.Uint = 100
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Hello, %u\n"), f(a))
+}

cl/_testdata/uint/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [11 x i8] c"Hello, %u\0A\00", align 1
+
+define i32 @main.f(i32 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = add i32 %0, 1
+  ret i32 %1
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call i32 @main.f(i32 100)
+  %3 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i32 %2)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testdata/untyped/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package main
+
+const c = 100
+
+var a float64 = 1
+
+func main() {
+	if c > 100 {
+		a = 0
+	}
+}

cl/_testdata/untyped/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@main.a = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  store double 1.000000e+00, ptr @main.a, align 8
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  br i1 false, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store double 0.000000e+00, ptr @main.a, align 8
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()

cl/_testdata/vargs/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package main
+
+import "github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+
+func test(a ...any) {
+	for _, v := range a {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), v.(int))
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	test(1, 2, 3)
+}

cl/_testdata/vargs/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" = type { ptr, ptr }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" = type { ptr, i64, i64 }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 48)
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i64 0
+  %4 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 2)
+  %5 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %4, i64 1)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %5, ptr %3, align 8
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i64 1
+  %7 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 2)
+  %8 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %7, i64 2)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %8, ptr %6, align 8
+  %9 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i64 2
+  %10 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 2)
+  %11 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %10, i64 3)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %11, ptr %9, align 8
+  %12 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %2, i64 16, i64 3, i64 0, i64 3, i64 3)
+  call void @main.test(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %12)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.test(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2, %_llgo_0
+  %2 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_0 ], [ %3, %_llgo_2 ]
+  %3 = add i64 %2, 1
+  %4 = icmp slt i64 %3, %1
+  br i1 %4, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %5 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0)
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %5, i64 %3
+  %7 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %6, align 8
+  %8 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 2)
+  %9 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.I2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %7, ptr %8)
+  %10 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %9)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64)
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr, i64, i64, i64, i64, i64)
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.I2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr)
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testdata/varinit/out.ll

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 ; ModuleID = 'main'
 source_filename = "main"
 
-@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
 @main.a = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
 
 define void @main.init() {
 _llgo_0:
@@ -18,12 +20,17 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
   ret void
 }
 
-define void @main() {
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
 _llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
-  %0 = load i64, ptr @main.a, align 4
-  %1 = add i64 %0, 1
-  store i64 %1, ptr @main.a, align 4
   %2 = load i64, ptr @main.a, align 4
+  %3 = add i64 %2, 1
+  store i64 %3, ptr @main.a, align 4
+  %4 = load i64, ptr @main.a, align 4
   ret void
 }
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()

cl/_testlibc/argv/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	for i := c.Int(0); i < c.Argc; i++ {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%s\n"), c.Index(c.Argv, i))
+	}
+}

cl/_testlibc/argv/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%s\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  br label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
+  %2 = load ptr, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  %3 = getelementptr ptr, ptr %2, i32 %7
+  %4 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8
+  %5 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, ptr %4)
+  %6 = add i32 %7, 1
+  br label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
+  ret void
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  %7 = phi i32 [ 0, %_llgo_0 ], [ %6, %_llgo_1 ]
+  %8 = load i32, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  %9 = icmp slt i32 %7, %8
+  br i1 %9, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testlibc/sqlite/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/sqlite"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	db, err := sqlite.OpenV2(c.Str(":memory:"), sqlite.OpenReadWrite|sqlite.OpenMemory, nil)
+	check(err)
+
+	db.Close()
+}
+
+func check(err sqlite.Errno) {
+	if err != sqlite.OK {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("==> Error: (%d) %s\n"), err, err.Errstr())
+		c.Exit(1)
+	}
+}

cl/_testlibc/sqlite/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [20 x i8] c"==> Error: (%d) %s\0A\00", align 1
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [9 x i8] c":memory:\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.check(i32 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = icmp ne i32 %0, 0
+  br i1 %1, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %2 = call ptr @sqlite3_errstr()
+  %3 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i32 %0, ptr %2)
+  call void @exit(i32 1)
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call { ptr, i32 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/sqlite.OpenV2"(ptr @1, i32 130, ptr null)
+  %3 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %2, 0
+  %4 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %2, 1
+  call void @main.check(i32 %4)
+  %5 = call i32 @sqlite3_close()
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare ptr @sqlite3_errstr()
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)
+
+declare void @exit(i32)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare { ptr, i32 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/sqlite.OpenV2"(ptr, i32, ptr)
+
+declare i32 @sqlite3_close()

cl/_testrt/alloca/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	s := c.Str("Hi\n")
+	s2 := c.Alloca(4)
+	c.Memcpy(s2, c.Pointer(s), 4)
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%s"), s2)
+}

cl/_testrt/alloca/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"Hi\0A\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [3 x i8] c"%s\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = alloca i8, i64 4, align 1
+  %3 = call ptr @memcpy(ptr %2, ptr @0, i64 4)
+  %4 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @1, ptr %2)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @memcpy(ptr, ptr, i64)
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/allocstr/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func hello() string {
+	return "Hello world\n"
+}
+
+func main() {
+	c.Printf(c.AllocaCStr(hello()))
+}

cl/_testrt/allocstr/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" = type { ptr, i64 }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [13 x i8] c"Hello world\0A\00", align 1
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+
+define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @main.hello() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @0, i64 12)
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @main.hello()
+  %3 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2)
+  %4 = add i64 %3, 1
+  %5 = alloca i8, i64 %4, align 1
+  %6 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CStrCopy"(ptr %5, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2)
+  %7 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr %6)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CStrCopy"(ptr, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/any/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func incVal(a any) int {
+	return a.(int) + 1
+}
+
+func main() {
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Hello %d\n"), incVal(100))
+}

cl/_testrt/any/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" = type { ptr, ptr }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [10 x i8] c"Hello %d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define i64 @main.incVal(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 2)
+  %2 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.I2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %1)
+  %3 = add i64 %2, 1
+  ret i64 %3
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 2)
+  %3 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %2, i64 100)
+  %4 = call i64 @main.incVal(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %3)
+  %5 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %4)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.I2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr)
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/builtin/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+var a int64 = 1<<63 - 1
+var b int64 = -1 << 63
+var n uint64 = 1<<64 - 1
+
+func main() {
+	var s = []int{1, 2, 3, 4}
+	var a = [...]int{1, 2, 3, 4}
+
+	out(len(s))
+	out(len([]int{1, 2, 3, 4}))
+	out(len(a))
+	out(len(&a))
+	out(len([4]int{1, 2, 3, 4}))
+
+	out(cap(s))
+	out(cap(a))
+	out(cap(&a))
+
+	out(len(s[1:]))
+	out(cap(s[1:]))
+	out(len(s[1:2]))
+	out(cap(s[1:2]))
+	out(len(s[1:2:2]))
+	out(cap(s[1:2:2]))
+
+	out(len(a[1:]))
+	out(cap(a[1:]))
+	out(len(a[1:2]))
+	out(cap(a[1:2]))
+	out(len(a[1:2:2]))
+	out(cap(a[1:2:2]))
+
+	string_len("hello")
+	string_len("hello"[1:])
+	string_len("hello"[1:2])
+	string_len("hello"[5:])
+}
+
+func string_len(s string) {
+	out(len(s))
+}
+
+func out(n int) {
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), n)
+}

cl/_testrt/builtin/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" = type { ptr, i64, i64 }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" = type { ptr, i64 }
+
+@main.a = global ptr null
+@main.b = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@main.n = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"hello\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"hello\00", align 1
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"hello\00", align 1
+@3 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"hello\00", align 1
+@4 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  store i64 9223372036854775807, ptr @main.a, align 4
+  store i64 -9223372036854775808, ptr @main.b, align 4
+  store i64 -1, ptr @main.n, align 4
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 32)
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %2, i64 0
+  store i64 1, ptr %3, align 4
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %2, i64 1
+  store i64 2, ptr %4, align 4
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %2, i64 2
+  store i64 3, ptr %5, align 4
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %2, i64 3
+  store i64 4, ptr %6, align 4
+  %7 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %2, i64 8, i64 4, i64 0, i64 4, i64 4)
+  %8 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 32)
+  %9 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %8, i64 0
+  %10 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %8, i64 1
+  %11 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %8, i64 2
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %8, i64 3
+  store i64 1, ptr %9, align 4
+  store i64 2, ptr %10, align 4
+  store i64 3, ptr %11, align 4
+  store i64 4, ptr %12, align 4
+  %13 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %13)
+  %14 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 32)
+  %15 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %14, i64 0
+  store i64 1, ptr %15, align 4
+  %16 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %14, i64 1
+  store i64 2, ptr %16, align 4
+  %17 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %14, i64 2
+  store i64 3, ptr %17, align 4
+  %18 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %14, i64 3
+  store i64 4, ptr %18, align 4
+  %19 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %14, i64 8, i64 4, i64 0, i64 4, i64 4)
+  %20 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %19)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %20)
+  call void @main.out(i64 4)
+  call void @main.out(i64 4)
+  call void @main.out(i64 4)
+  %21 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %21)
+  call void @main.out(i64 4)
+  call void @main.out(i64 4)
+  %22 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  %23 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  %24 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  %25 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %24, i64 8, i64 %22, i64 1, i64 %23, i64 %22)
+  %26 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %25)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %26)
+  %27 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  %28 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  %29 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  %30 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %29, i64 8, i64 %27, i64 1, i64 %28, i64 %27)
+  %31 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %30)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %31)
+  %32 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  %33 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  %34 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %33, i64 8, i64 %32, i64 1, i64 2, i64 %32)
+  %35 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %34)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %35)
+  %36 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  %37 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  %38 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %37, i64 8, i64 %36, i64 1, i64 2, i64 %36)
+  %39 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %38)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %39)
+  %40 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  %41 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  %42 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %41, i64 8, i64 %40, i64 1, i64 2, i64 2)
+  %43 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %42)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %43)
+  %44 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  %45 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  %46 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %45, i64 8, i64 %44, i64 1, i64 2, i64 2)
+  %47 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %46)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %47)
+  %48 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %8, i64 8, i64 4, i64 1, i64 4, i64 4)
+  %49 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %48)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %49)
+  %50 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %8, i64 8, i64 4, i64 1, i64 4, i64 4)
+  %51 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %50)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %51)
+  %52 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %8, i64 8, i64 4, i64 1, i64 2, i64 4)
+  %53 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %52)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %53)
+  %54 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %8, i64 8, i64 4, i64 1, i64 2, i64 4)
+  %55 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %54)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %55)
+  %56 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %8, i64 8, i64 4, i64 1, i64 2, i64 2)
+  %57 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %56)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %57)
+  %58 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %8, i64 8, i64 4, i64 1, i64 2, i64 2)
+  %59 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %58)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %59)
+  %60 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @0, i64 5)
+  call void @main.string_len(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %60)
+  %61 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @1, i64 5)
+  %62 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %61)
+  %63 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewStringSlice"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %61, i64 1, i64 %62)
+  call void @main.string_len(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %63)
+  %64 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @2, i64 5)
+  %65 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewStringSlice"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %64, i64 1, i64 2)
+  call void @main.string_len(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %65)
+  %66 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @3, i64 5)
+  %67 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %66)
+  %68 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewStringSlice"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %66, i64 5, i64 %67)
+  call void @main.string_len(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %68)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.out(i64 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @4, i64 %0)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.string_len(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr, i64, i64, i64, i64, i64)
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewStringSlice"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", i64, i64)
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/callback/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func callback(msg *c.Char, f func(*c.Char)) {
+	f(msg)
+}
+
+func print(msg *c.Char) {
+	c.Printf(msg)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	callback(c.Str("Hello\n"), print)
+	callback(c.Str("callback\n"), print)
+}

cl/_testrt/callback/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"Hello\0A\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [10 x i8] c"callback\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.callback(ptr %0, { ptr, ptr } %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %1, 1
+  %3 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %1, 0
+  call void %3(ptr %2, ptr %0)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @__llgo_stub.main.print, ptr %3, align 8
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr null, ptr %4, align 8
+  %5 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %2, align 8
+  call void @main.callback(ptr @0, { ptr, ptr } %5)
+  %6 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %6, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @__llgo_stub.main.print, ptr %7, align 8
+  %8 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %6, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr null, ptr %8, align 8
+  %9 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %6, align 8
+  call void @main.callback(ptr @1, { ptr, ptr } %9)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.print(ptr %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr %0)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+define linkonce void @__llgo_stub.main.print(ptr %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  tail call void @main.print(ptr %1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/cast/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+package main
+
+//"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+
+func main() {
+	cvt64to8(0, 0)
+	cvt64to8(127, 127)
+	cvt64to8(128, -128)
+	cvt64to8(-128, -128)
+	cvt64to8(-129, 127)
+	cvt64to8(256, 0)
+
+	cvt64to8U(0, 0)
+	cvt64to8U(255, 255)
+	cvt64to8U(256, 0)
+	cvt64to8U(257, 1)
+	cvt64to8U(-1, 255)
+
+	cvt32Fto8(0.1, 0)
+	cvt32Fto8(127.1, 127)
+	cvt32Fto8(128.1, -128)
+	cvt32Fto8(-128.1, -128)
+	cvt32Fto8(-129.1, 127)
+	cvt32Fto8(256.1, 0)
+
+	cvt32Fto8U(0, 0)
+	cvt32Fto8U(255, 255)
+	cvt32Fto8U(256, 0)
+	cvt32Fto8U(257, 1)
+	cvt32Fto8U(-1, 255)
+
+	// MaxInt32  = 1<<31 - 1           // 2147483647
+	// MinInt32  = -1 << 31            // -2147483648
+	cvt32Fto32(0, 0)
+	cvt32Fto32(1.5, 1)
+	cvt32Fto32(1147483647.1, 1147483648)
+	cvt32Fto32(2147483647.1, -2147483648)
+	cvt32Fto32(4147483647.1, -2147483648)
+	cvt32Fto32(-2147483648.1, -2147483648)
+	cvt32Fto32(-2147482648.1, -2147482624)
+
+	// MaxUint32 = 1<<32 - 1           // 4294967295
+	cvt32Fto32U(0, 0)
+	cvt32Fto32U(1.5, 1)
+	cvt32Fto32U(4294967295.1, 0)
+	cvt32Fto32U(5294967295.1, 1000000000)
+	cvt32Fto32U(-4294967295.1, 0)
+	cvt32Fto32U(-1294967295.1, 3000000000)
+	cvt32Fto32U(-1.1, 4294967295)
+
+	// MaxFloat32             = 0x1p127 * (1 + (1 - 0x1p-23)) // 3.40282346638528859811704183484516925440e+38
+	// SmallestNonzeroFloat32 = 0x1p-126 * 0x1p-23            // 1.401298464324817070923729583289916131280e-45
+	// MaxFloat64             = 0x1p1023 * (1 + (1 - 0x1p-52)) // 1.79769313486231570814527423731704356798070e+308
+	// SmallestNonzeroFloat64 = 0x1p-1022 * 0x1p-52            // 4.9406564584124654417656879286822137236505980e-324
+
+	cvt32Fto64F(0, 0)
+	cvt32Fto64F(1.5, 1.5)
+	cvt32Fto64F(1e10, 1e10)
+	cvt32Fto64F(-1e10, -1e10)
+
+	cvt64Fto32F(0, 0)
+	cvt64Fto32F(1.5, 1.5)
+	cvt64Fto32F(1e10, 1e10)
+	cvt64Fto32F(-1e10, -1e10)
+
+	// MaxInt64  = 1<<63 - 1           // 9223372036854775807
+	// MinInt64  = -1 << 63            // -9223372036854775808
+	cvt64to64F(0, 0)
+	cvt64to64F(1e10, 1e10)
+	cvt64to64F(9223372036854775807, 9223372036854775807)
+	cvt64to64F(-9223372036854775807, -9223372036854775807)
+
+	// MaxUint64 = 1<<64 - 1           // 18446744073709551615
+	cvt64Uto64F(0, 0)
+	cvt64Uto64F(1e10, 1e10)
+	cvt64Uto64F(9223372036854775807, 9223372036854775807)
+	cvt64Uto64F(18446744073709551615, 18446744073709551615)
+
+	cvt32to64(0, 0)
+	cvt32to64(2147483647, 2147483647)
+
+	cvtUinptr(1024, 1024)
+}
+
+func cvtUinptr(a int32, b uintptr) {
+	if uintptr(a) != b {
+		panic("error")
+	}
+	if int32(b) != a {
+		panic("error")
+	}
+}
+
+func cvt32to64(a int32, b int64) {
+	if int64(a) != b {
+		panic("error")
+	}
+}
+
+func cvt64to64F(a int64, b float64) {
+	if float64(a) != b {
+		panic("error")
+	}
+}
+
+func cvt64Uto64F(a uint64, b float64) {
+	if float64(a) != b {
+		panic("error")
+	}
+}
+
+func cvt64Fto32F(a float64, b float32) {
+	if float32(a) != b {
+		panic("error")
+	}
+}
+
+func cvt32Fto64F(a float32, b float64) {
+	if float64(a) != b {
+		panic("error")
+	}
+}
+
+func cvt32Fto32(a float32, b int32) {
+	if int32(a) != b {
+		panic("error")
+	}
+}
+
+func cvt32Fto32U(a float32, b uint32) {
+	if uint32(a) != b {
+		panic("error")
+	}
+}
+
+func cvt32Fto8(a float32, b int8) {
+	if int8(a) != b {
+		panic("error")
+	}
+}
+
+func cvt32Fto8U(a float32, b uint8) {
+	if uint8(a) != b {
+		panic("error")
+	}
+}
+
+func cvt64to8(a int64, b int8) {
+	if int8(a) != b {
+		panic("error")
+	}
+}
+
+func cvt64to8U(a int, b uint8) {
+	if uint8(a) != b {
+		panic("error")
+	}
+}

cl/_testrt/cast/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" = type { ptr, i64 }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" = type { ptr, ptr }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"error\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"error\00", align 1
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"error\00", align 1
+@3 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"error\00", align 1
+@4 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"error\00", align 1
+@5 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"error\00", align 1
+@6 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"error\00", align 1
+@7 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"error\00", align 1
+@8 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"error\00", align 1
+@9 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"error\00", align 1
+@10 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"error\00", align 1
+@11 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"error\00", align 1
+@12 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"error\00", align 1
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+
+define void @main.cvt32Fto32(float %0, i32 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = fptosi float %0 to i32
+  %3 = icmp ne i32 %2, %1
+  br i1 %3, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @0, i64 5)
+  %5 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %4)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %5)
+  unreachable
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.cvt32Fto32U(float %0, i32 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = fptoui float %0 to i32
+  %3 = icmp ne i32 %2, %1
+  br i1 %3, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @1, i64 5)
+  %5 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %4)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %5)
+  unreachable
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.cvt32Fto64F(float %0, double %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = fpext float %0 to double
+  %3 = fcmp one double %2, %1
+  br i1 %3, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @2, i64 5)
+  %5 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %4)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %5)
+  unreachable
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.cvt32Fto8(float %0, i8 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = fptosi float %0 to i8
+  %3 = icmp ne i8 %2, %1
+  br i1 %3, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @3, i64 5)
+  %5 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %4)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %5)
+  unreachable
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.cvt32Fto8U(float %0, i8 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = fptoui float %0 to i8
+  %3 = icmp ne i8 %2, %1
+  br i1 %3, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @4, i64 5)
+  %5 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %4)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %5)
+  unreachable
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.cvt32to64(i32 %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = sext i32 %0 to i64
+  %3 = icmp ne i64 %2, %1
+  br i1 %3, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @5, i64 5)
+  %5 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %4)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %5)
+  unreachable
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.cvt64Fto32F(double %0, float %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = fptrunc double %0 to float
+  %3 = fcmp one float %2, %1
+  br i1 %3, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @6, i64 5)
+  %5 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %4)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %5)
+  unreachable
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.cvt64Uto64F(i64 %0, double %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = uitofp i64 %0 to double
+  %3 = fcmp one double %2, %1
+  br i1 %3, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @7, i64 5)
+  %5 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %4)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %5)
+  unreachable
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.cvt64to64F(i64 %0, double %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = sitofp i64 %0 to double
+  %3 = fcmp one double %2, %1
+  br i1 %3, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @8, i64 5)
+  %5 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %4)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %5)
+  unreachable
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.cvt64to8(i64 %0, i8 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = trunc i64 %0 to i8
+  %3 = icmp ne i8 %2, %1
+  br i1 %3, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @9, i64 5)
+  %5 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %4)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %5)
+  unreachable
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.cvt64to8U(i64 %0, i8 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = trunc i64 %0 to i8
+  %3 = icmp ne i8 %2, %1
+  br i1 %3, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @10, i64 5)
+  %5 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %4)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %5)
+  unreachable
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.cvtUinptr(i32 %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = sext i32 %0 to i64
+  %3 = icmp ne i64 %2, %1
+  br i1 %3, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @11, i64 5)
+  %5 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %4)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %5)
+  unreachable
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %6 = trunc i64 %1 to i32
+  %7 = icmp ne i32 %6, %0
+  br i1 %7, label %_llgo_3, label %_llgo_4
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2
+  %8 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @12, i64 5)
+  %9 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %8)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %9)
+  unreachable
+
+_llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  call void @main.cvt64to8(i64 0, i8 0)
+  call void @main.cvt64to8(i64 127, i8 127)
+  call void @main.cvt64to8(i64 128, i8 -128)
+  call void @main.cvt64to8(i64 -128, i8 -128)
+  call void @main.cvt64to8(i64 -129, i8 127)
+  call void @main.cvt64to8(i64 256, i8 0)
+  call void @main.cvt64to8U(i64 0, i8 0)
+  call void @main.cvt64to8U(i64 255, i8 -1)
+  call void @main.cvt64to8U(i64 256, i8 0)
+  call void @main.cvt64to8U(i64 257, i8 1)
+  call void @main.cvt64to8U(i64 -1, i8 -1)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto8(float 0x3FB99999A0000000, i8 0)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto8(float 0x405FC66660000000, i8 127)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto8(float 0x4060033340000000, i8 -128)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto8(float 0xC060033340000000, i8 -128)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto8(float 0xC060233340000000, i8 127)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto8(float 0x40700199A0000000, i8 0)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto8U(float 0.000000e+00, i8 0)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto8U(float 2.550000e+02, i8 -1)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto8U(float 2.560000e+02, i8 0)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto8U(float 2.570000e+02, i8 1)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto8U(float -1.000000e+00, i8 -1)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto32(float 0.000000e+00, i32 0)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto32(float 1.500000e+00, i32 1)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto32(float 0x41D1194D80000000, i32 1147483648)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto32(float 0x41E0000000000000, i32 -2147483648)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto32(float 0x41EEE6B280000000, i32 -2147483648)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto32(float 0xC1E0000000000000, i32 -2147483648)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto32(float 0xC1DFFFFF00000000, i32 -2147482624)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto32U(float 0.000000e+00, i32 0)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto32U(float 1.500000e+00, i32 1)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto32U(float 0x41F0000000000000, i32 0)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto32U(float 0x41F3B9ACA0000000, i32 1000000000)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto32U(float 0xC1F0000000000000, i32 0)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto32U(float 0xC1D34BE880000000, i32 -1294967296)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto32U(float 0xBFF19999A0000000, i32 -1)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto64F(float 0.000000e+00, double 0.000000e+00)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto64F(float 1.500000e+00, double 1.500000e+00)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto64F(float 1.000000e+10, double 1.000000e+10)
+  call void @main.cvt32Fto64F(float -1.000000e+10, double -1.000000e+10)
+  call void @main.cvt64Fto32F(double 0.000000e+00, float 0.000000e+00)
+  call void @main.cvt64Fto32F(double 1.500000e+00, float 1.500000e+00)
+  call void @main.cvt64Fto32F(double 1.000000e+10, float 1.000000e+10)
+  call void @main.cvt64Fto32F(double -1.000000e+10, float -1.000000e+10)
+  call void @main.cvt64to64F(i64 0, double 0.000000e+00)
+  call void @main.cvt64to64F(i64 10000000000, double 1.000000e+10)
+  call void @main.cvt64to64F(i64 9223372036854775807, double 0x43E0000000000000)
+  call void @main.cvt64to64F(i64 -9223372036854775807, double 0xC3E0000000000000)
+  call void @main.cvt64Uto64F(i64 0, double 0.000000e+00)
+  call void @main.cvt64Uto64F(i64 10000000000, double 1.000000e+10)
+  call void @main.cvt64Uto64F(i64 9223372036854775807, double 0x43E0000000000000)
+  call void @main.cvt64Uto64F(i64 -1, double 0x43F0000000000000)
+  call void @main.cvt32to64(i32 0, i64 0)
+  call void @main.cvt32to64(i32 2147483647, i64 2147483647)
+  call void @main.cvtUinptr(i32 1024, i64 1024)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface")
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()

cl/_testrt/closure/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	func(n1, n2 int) {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d %d\n"), n1, n2)
+	}(100, 200)
+	fn1 := func(n1, n2 int) {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d %d\n"), n1, n2)
+	}
+	fn2 := func() {
+		fn1(100, 200)
+	}
+	fn2()
+}

cl/_testrt/closure/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"%d %d\0A\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"%d %d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  call void @"main.main$1"(i64 100, i64 200)
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 16)
+  %3 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %3, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @"__llgo_stub.main.main$2", ptr %4, align 8
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %3, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr null, ptr %5, align 8
+  %6 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %3, align 8
+  store { ptr, ptr } %6, ptr %2, align 8
+  %7 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocU"(i64 8)
+  %8 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr }, ptr %7, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %2, ptr %8, align 8
+  %9 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %10 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %9, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @"main.main$3", ptr %10, align 8
+  %11 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %9, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr %7, ptr %11, align 8
+  %12 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %9, align 8
+  %13 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %12, 1
+  %14 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %12, 0
+  call void %14(ptr %13)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+define void @"main.main$1"(i64 %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %0, i64 %1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+define void @"main.main$2"(i64 %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @1, i64 %0, i64 %1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define linkonce void @"__llgo_stub.main.main$2"(ptr %0, i64 %1, i64 %2) {
+_llgo_0:
+  tail call void @"main.main$2"(i64 %1, i64 %2)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @"main.main$3"(ptr %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = load { ptr }, ptr %0, align 8
+  %2 = extractvalue { ptr } %1, 0
+  %3 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %2, align 8
+  %4 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %3, 1
+  %5 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %3, 0
+  call void %5(ptr %4, i64 100, i64 200)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocU"(i64)
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/concat/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func concat(args ...string) (ret string) {
+	for _, v := range args {
+		ret += v
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func main() {
+	result := concat("Hello", " ", "World")
+	c.Fprintf(c.Stderr, c.Str("Hi, %s\n"), c.AllocaCStr(result))
+}

cl/_testrt/concat/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" = type { ptr, i64 }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" = type { ptr, i64, i64 }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [1 x i8] zeroinitializer, align 1
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"Hello\00", align 1
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c" \00", align 1
+@3 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"World\00", align 1
+@__stderrp = external global ptr
+@4 = private unnamed_addr constant [8 x i8] c"Hi, %s\0A\00", align 1
+
+define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @main.concat(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0)
+  %2 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @0, i64 0)
+  %3 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2, 0
+  %4 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2, 1
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2, %_llgo_0
+  %5 = phi ptr [ %3, %_llgo_0 ], [ %18, %_llgo_2 ]
+  %6 = phi i64 [ %4, %_llgo_0 ], [ %19, %_llgo_2 ]
+  %7 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_0 ], [ %12, %_llgo_2 ]
+  %8 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
+  %9 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %8, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %5, ptr %9, align 8
+  %10 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %8, i32 0, i32 1
+  store i64 %6, ptr %10, align 4
+  %11 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %8, align 8
+  %12 = add i64 %7, 1
+  %13 = icmp slt i64 %12, %1
+  br i1 %13, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %14 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0)
+  %15 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %14, i64 %12
+  %16 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %15, align 8
+  %17 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringCat"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %11, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %16)
+  %18 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %17, 0
+  %19 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %17, 1
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %11
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 48)
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %2, i64 0
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @1, i64 5)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %4, ptr %3, align 8
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %2, i64 1
+  %6 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @2, i64 1)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %6, ptr %5, align 8
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %2, i64 2
+  %8 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @3, i64 5)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %8, ptr %7, align 8
+  %9 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %2, i64 16, i64 3, i64 0, i64 3, i64 3)
+  %10 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @main.concat(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %9)
+  %11 = load ptr, ptr @__stderrp, align 8
+  %12 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %10)
+  %13 = add i64 %12, 1
+  %14 = alloca i8, i64 %13, align 1
+  %15 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CStrCopy"(ptr %14, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %10)
+  %16 = call i32 (ptr, ptr, ...) @fprintf(ptr %11, ptr @4, ptr %15)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringCat"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr, i64, i64, i64, i64, i64)
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CStrCopy"(ptr, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+
+declare i32 @fprintf(ptr, ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/cstr/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package main
+
+import _ "unsafe"
+
+//go:linkname cstr llgo.cstr
+func cstr(string) *int8
+
+//go:linkname printf C.printf
+func printf(format *int8, __llgo_va_list ...any)
+
+func main() {
+	printf(cstr("Hello, world\n"))
+}

cl/_testrt/cstr/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [14 x i8] c"Hello, world\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare void @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/cvar/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package main
+
+import _ "unsafe"
+
+//go:linkname barX _bar_x
+var barX struct {
+	Arr       [16]int8
+	Callbacks [2]func()
+}
+
+//go:linkname barY _bar_y
+var barY struct {
+	Arr [16]int8
+}
+
+func main() {
+	_ = barX
+	_ = barY
+}

cl/_testrt/cvar/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@_bar_x = external global ptr
+@_bar_y = external global ptr
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = load { [16 x i8], [2 x ptr] }, ptr @_bar_x, align 8
+  %3 = load { [16 x i8] }, ptr @_bar_y, align 1
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()

cl/_testrt/fprintf/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package main
+
+import "unsafe"
+
+//go:linkname cstr llgo.cstr
+func cstr(string) *int8
+
+//go:linkname stderr __stderrp
+var stderr unsafe.Pointer
+
+//go:linkname fprintf C.fprintf
+func fprintf(fp unsafe.Pointer, format *int8, __llgo_va_list ...any)
+
+func main() {
+	fprintf(stderr, cstr("Hello %d\n"), 100)
+}

cl/_testrt/fprintf/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__stderrp = external global ptr
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [10 x i8] c"Hello %d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = load ptr, ptr @__stderrp, align 8
+  call void (ptr, ptr, ...) @fprintf(ptr %2, ptr @0, i64 100)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare void @fprintf(ptr, ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/gblarray/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func Basic(kind abi.Kind) *abi.Type {
+	return basicTypes[kind]
+}
+
+var (
+	basicTypes = [...]*abi.Type{
+		abi.String: basicType(abi.String),
+	}
+	sizeBasicTypes = [...]uintptr{
+		abi.String: 16,
+	}
+)
+
+func basicType(kind abi.Kind) *abi.Type {
+	return &abi.Type{
+		Size_: sizeBasicTypes[kind],
+		Hash:  uint32(kind),
+		Kind_: uint8(kind),
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	t := Basic(abi.String)
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Kind: %d, Size: %d\n"), int(t.Kind_), t.Size_)
+}

cl/_testrt/gblarray/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type" = type { i64, i64, i32, i8, i8, i8, i8, { ptr, ptr }, ptr, i32, i32 }
+
+@main.basicTypes = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@main.sizeBasicTypes = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [20 x i8] c"Kind: %d, Size: %d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define ptr @main.Basic(i64 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds ptr, ptr @main.basicTypes, i64 %0
+  %2 = load ptr, ptr %1, align 8
+  ret ptr %2
+}
+
+define ptr @main.basicType(i64 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 56)
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %1, i32 0, i32 0
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr @main.sizeBasicTypes, i64 %0
+  %4 = load i64, ptr %3, align 4
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %1, i32 0, i32 2
+  %6 = trunc i64 %0 to i32
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %1, i32 0, i32 6
+  %8 = trunc i64 %0 to i8
+  store i64 %4, ptr %2, align 4
+  store i32 %6, ptr %5, align 4
+  store i8 %8, ptr %7, align 1
+  ret ptr %1
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.init"()
+  store i64 16, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i64, ptr @main.sizeBasicTypes, i64 24), align 4
+  %1 = call ptr @main.basicType(i64 24)
+  store ptr %1, ptr getelementptr inbounds (ptr, ptr @main.basicTypes, i64 24), align 8
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call ptr @main.Basic(i64 24)
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 6
+  %4 = load i8, ptr %3, align 1
+  %5 = sext i8 %4 to i64
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
+  %7 = load i64, ptr %6, align 4
+  %8 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %5, i64 %7)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.init"()
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/gotypes/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package main
+
+type base interface {
+	f(m map[string]func())
+}
+
+type bar interface {
+	base
+	g(c chan func())
+}
+
+func foo(bar) {
+}
+
+func main() {
+	foo(nil)
+}

cl/_testrt/gotypes/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" = type { ptr, ptr }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+
+define void @main.foo(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  call void @main.foo(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" zeroinitializer)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()

cl/_testrt/hello/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package main
+
+import "github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/libc"
+
+var format = [...]int8{'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', '%', 'd', '\n', 0}
+
+func main() {
+	sfmt := &format[0]
+	libc.Printf(sfmt, libc.Strlen(sfmt))
+}

cl/_testrt/hello/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@main.format = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  store i8 72, ptr @main.format, align 1
+  store i8 101, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 1), align 1
+  store i8 108, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 2), align 1
+  store i8 108, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 3), align 1
+  store i8 111, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 4), align 1
+  store i8 32, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 5), align 1
+  store i8 37, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 6), align 1
+  store i8 100, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 7), align 1
+  store i8 10, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 8), align 1
+  store i8 0, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 9), align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call i32 @strlen(ptr @main.format)
+  call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.format, i32 %2)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare i32 @strlen(ptr)
+
+declare void @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/index/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package main
+
+import "github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+
+type point struct {
+	x int
+	y int
+}
+
+func main() {
+	a := [...]point{{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6}}[2]
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%d %d\n"), a.x, a.y)
+
+	b := [...][2]int{[2]int{1, 2}, [2]int{3, 4}}[1]
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%d %d\n"), b[0], b[1])
+
+	var i int = 2
+	n := [...]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}[i]
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), n)
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), [...]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}[i])
+
+	s := "123456"
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%c\n"), s[i])
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%c\n"), "123456"[1])
+}

cl/_testrt/index/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%main.point = type { i64, i64 }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" = type { ptr, i64 }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"%d %d\0A\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"%d %d\0A\00", align 1
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+@3 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+@4 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%c\0A\00", align 1
+@5 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"123456\00", align 1
+@6 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%c\0A\00", align 1
+@7 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"123456\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = alloca %main.point, align 8
+  %3 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %2, i64 16)
+  %4 = alloca [3 x %main.point], align 8
+  %5 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %4, i64 48)
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %5, i64 0
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %6, i32 0, i32 0
+  %8 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %6, i32 0, i32 1
+  %9 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %5, i64 1
+  %10 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %9, i32 0, i32 0
+  %11 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %9, i32 0, i32 1
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %5, i64 2
+  %13 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %12, i32 0, i32 0
+  %14 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %12, i32 0, i32 1
+  store i64 1, ptr %7, align 4
+  store i64 2, ptr %8, align 4
+  store i64 3, ptr %10, align 4
+  store i64 4, ptr %11, align 4
+  store i64 5, ptr %13, align 4
+  store i64 6, ptr %14, align 4
+  %15 = load [3 x %main.point], ptr %5, align 4
+  %16 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %5, i64 2
+  %17 = load %main.point, ptr %16, align 4
+  store %main.point %17, ptr %3, align 4
+  %18 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %3, i32 0, i32 0
+  %19 = load i64, ptr %18, align 4
+  %20 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %3, i32 0, i32 1
+  %21 = load i64, ptr %20, align 4
+  %22 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %19, i64 %21)
+  %23 = alloca [2 x i64], align 8
+  %24 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %23, i64 16)
+  %25 = alloca [2 x [2 x i64]], align 8
+  %26 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %25, i64 32)
+  %27 = getelementptr inbounds [2 x i64], ptr %26, i64 0
+  %28 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %27, i64 0
+  %29 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %27, i64 1
+  %30 = getelementptr inbounds [2 x i64], ptr %26, i64 1
+  %31 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %30, i64 0
+  %32 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %30, i64 1
+  store i64 1, ptr %28, align 4
+  store i64 2, ptr %29, align 4
+  store i64 3, ptr %31, align 4
+  store i64 4, ptr %32, align 4
+  %33 = load [2 x [2 x i64]], ptr %26, align 4
+  %34 = getelementptr inbounds [2 x i64], ptr %26, i64 1
+  %35 = load [2 x i64], ptr %34, align 4
+  store [2 x i64] %35, ptr %24, align 4
+  %36 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %24, i64 0
+  %37 = load i64, ptr %36, align 4
+  %38 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %24, i64 1
+  %39 = load i64, ptr %38, align 4
+  %40 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @1, i64 %37, i64 %39)
+  %41 = alloca [5 x i64], align 8
+  %42 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %41, i64 40)
+  %43 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %42, i64 0
+  %44 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %42, i64 1
+  %45 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %42, i64 2
+  %46 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %42, i64 3
+  %47 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %42, i64 4
+  store i64 1, ptr %43, align 4
+  store i64 2, ptr %44, align 4
+  store i64 3, ptr %45, align 4
+  store i64 4, ptr %46, align 4
+  store i64 5, ptr %47, align 4
+  %48 = load [5 x i64], ptr %42, align 4
+  %49 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %42, i64 2
+  %50 = load i64, ptr %49, align 4
+  %51 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @2, i64 %50)
+  %52 = alloca [5 x i64], align 8
+  %53 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %52, i64 40)
+  %54 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %53, i64 0
+  %55 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %53, i64 1
+  %56 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %53, i64 2
+  %57 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %53, i64 3
+  %58 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %53, i64 4
+  store i64 1, ptr %54, align 4
+  store i64 2, ptr %55, align 4
+  store i64 3, ptr %56, align 4
+  store i64 4, ptr %57, align 4
+  store i64 5, ptr %58, align 4
+  %59 = load [5 x i64], ptr %53, align 4
+  %60 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %53, i64 2
+  %61 = load i64, ptr %60, align 4
+  %62 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @3, i64 %61)
+  %63 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @5, i64 6)
+  %64 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %63)
+  %65 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %64, i64 2
+  %66 = load i8, ptr %65, align 1
+  %67 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @4, i8 %66)
+  %68 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @7, i64 6)
+  %69 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %68)
+  %70 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %69, i64 1
+  %71 = load i8, ptr %70, align 1
+  %72 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @6, i8 %71)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")

cl/_testrt/intgen/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+type generator struct {
+	val c.Int
+}
+
+func (g *generator) next() c.Int {
+	g.val++
+	return g.val
+}
+
+func genInts(n int, gen func() c.Int) []c.Int {
+	a := make([]c.Int, n)
+	for i := range a {
+		a[i] = gen()
+	}
+	return a
+}
+
+func main() {
+	for _, v := range genInts(5, c.Rand) {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), v)
+	}
+
+	initVal := c.Int(1)
+	ints := genInts(5, func() c.Int {
+		initVal *= 2
+		return initVal
+	})
+	for _, v := range ints {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), v)
+	}
+
+	g := &generator{val: 1}
+	for _, v := range genInts(5, g.next) {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), v)
+	}
+}

cl/_testrt/intgen/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" = type { ptr, i64, i64 }
+%main.generator = type { i32 }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @main.genInts(i64 %0, { ptr, ptr } %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = mul i64 %0, 4
+  %3 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 %2)
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice"(ptr %3, i64 %0, i64 %0)
+  %5 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %4)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2, %_llgo_0
+  %6 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_0 ], [ %7, %_llgo_2 ]
+  %7 = add i64 %6, 1
+  %8 = icmp slt i64 %7, %5
+  br i1 %8, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %9 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %1, 1
+  %10 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %1, 0
+  %11 = call i32 %10(ptr %9)
+  %12 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %4)
+  %13 = getelementptr inbounds i32, ptr %12, i64 %7
+  store i32 %11, ptr %13, align 4
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %4
+}
+
+define i32 @"(*main.generator).next"(ptr %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds %main.generator, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  %2 = load i32, ptr %1, align 4
+  %3 = add i32 %2, 1
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds %main.generator, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  store i32 %3, ptr %4, align 4
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %main.generator, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  %6 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4
+  ret i32 %6
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @__llgo_stub.rand, ptr %3, align 8
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr null, ptr %4, align 8
+  %5 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %2, align 8
+  %6 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @main.genInts(i64 5, { ptr, ptr } %5)
+  %7 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %6)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2, %_llgo_0
+  %8 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_0 ], [ %9, %_llgo_2 ]
+  %9 = add i64 %8, 1
+  %10 = icmp slt i64 %9, %7
+  br i1 %10, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %11 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %6)
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds i32, ptr %11, i64 %9
+  %13 = load i32, ptr %12, align 4
+  %14 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i32 %13)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %15 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 4)
+  store i32 1, ptr %15, align 4
+  %16 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocU"(i64 8)
+  %17 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr }, ptr %16, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %15, ptr %17, align 8
+  %18 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %19 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %18, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @"main.main$1", ptr %19, align 8
+  %20 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %18, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr %16, ptr %20, align 8
+  %21 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %18, align 8
+  %22 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @main.genInts(i64 5, { ptr, ptr } %21)
+  %23 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %22)
+  br label %_llgo_4
+
+_llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_5, %_llgo_3
+  %24 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_3 ], [ %25, %_llgo_5 ]
+  %25 = add i64 %24, 1
+  %26 = icmp slt i64 %25, %23
+  br i1 %26, label %_llgo_5, label %_llgo_6
+
+_llgo_5:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_4
+  %27 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %22)
+  %28 = getelementptr inbounds i32, ptr %27, i64 %25
+  %29 = load i32, ptr %28, align 4
+  %30 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @1, i32 %29)
+  br label %_llgo_4
+
+_llgo_6:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_4
+  %31 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 4)
+  %32 = getelementptr inbounds %main.generator, ptr %31, i32 0, i32 0
+  store i32 1, ptr %32, align 4
+  %33 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocU"(i64 8)
+  %34 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr }, ptr %33, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %31, ptr %34, align 8
+  %35 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %36 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %35, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @"main.next$bound", ptr %36, align 8
+  %37 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %35, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr %33, ptr %37, align 8
+  %38 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %35, align 8
+  %39 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @main.genInts(i64 5, { ptr, ptr } %38)
+  %40 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %39)
+  br label %_llgo_7
+
+_llgo_7:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_8, %_llgo_6
+  %41 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_6 ], [ %42, %_llgo_8 ]
+  %42 = add i64 %41, 1
+  %43 = icmp slt i64 %42, %40
+  br i1 %43, label %_llgo_8, label %_llgo_9
+
+_llgo_8:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_7
+  %44 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %39)
+  %45 = getelementptr inbounds i32, ptr %44, i64 %42
+  %46 = load i32, ptr %45, align 4
+  %47 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @2, i32 %46)
+  br label %_llgo_7
+
+_llgo_9:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_7
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice"(ptr, i64, i64)
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare i32 @rand()
+
+define linkonce i32 @__llgo_stub.rand(ptr %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = tail call i32 @rand()
+  ret i32 %1
+}
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)
+
+define i32 @"main.main$1"(ptr %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = load { ptr }, ptr %0, align 8
+  %2 = extractvalue { ptr } %1, 0
+  %3 = load i32, ptr %2, align 4
+  %4 = mul i32 %3, 2
+  %5 = extractvalue { ptr } %1, 0
+  store i32 %4, ptr %5, align 4
+  %6 = extractvalue { ptr } %1, 0
+  %7 = load i32, ptr %6, align 4
+  ret i32 %7
+}
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocU"(i64)
+
+define i32 @"main.next$bound"(ptr %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = load { ptr }, ptr %0, align 8
+  %2 = extractvalue { ptr } %1, 0
+  %3 = call i32 @"(*main.generator).next"(ptr %2)
+  ret i32 %3
+}

cl/_testrt/linkname/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+//go:linkname print github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/linktarget.F
+func print(a, b, c, d *c.Char)
+
+func main() {
+	print(c.Str("a"), c.Str("b"), c.Str("c"), c.Str("d"))
+	print(c.Str("1"), c.Str("2"), c.Str("3"), c.Str("4"))
+}

cl/_testrt/linkname/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"a\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"b\00", align 1
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"c\00", align 1
+@3 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"d\00", align 1
+@4 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"1\00", align 1
+@5 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"2\00", align 1
+@6 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"3\00", align 1
+@7 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"4\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/linktarget.F"(ptr @0, ptr @1, ptr @2, ptr @3)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/linktarget.F"(ptr @4, ptr @5, ptr @6, ptr @7)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/linktarget.F"(ptr, ptr, ptr, ptr)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()

cl/_testrt/map/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	a := map[int]int{23: 100, 7: 29}
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Hello %d\n"), a[23])
+}

cl/_testrt/map/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [10 x i8] c"Hello %d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeSmallMap"()
+  %3 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, <null operand!>)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeSmallMap"()
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/panic/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package main
+
+func main() {
+	panic("panic message")
+}

cl/_testrt/panic/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" = type { ptr, i64 }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" = type { ptr, ptr }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [14 x i8] c"panic message\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @0, i64 13)
+  %3 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %3)
+  unreachable
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface")

cl/_testrt/qsort/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+//go:linkname qsort C.qsort
+func qsort(base c.Pointer, count, elem uintptr, compar func(a, b c.Pointer) c.Int)
+
+func main() {
+	a := [...]int{100, 8, 23, 2, 7}
+	qsort(c.Pointer(&a[0]), 5, unsafe.Sizeof(0), func(a, b c.Pointer) c.Int {
+		return c.Int(*(*int)(a) - *(*int)(b))
+	})
+	for _, v := range a {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), v)
+	}
+}

cl/_testrt/qsort/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 40)
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %2, i64 0
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %2, i64 1
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %2, i64 2
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %2, i64 3
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %2, i64 4
+  store i64 100, ptr %3, align 4
+  store i64 8, ptr %4, align 4
+  store i64 23, ptr %5, align 4
+  store i64 2, ptr %6, align 4
+  store i64 7, ptr %7, align 4
+  %8 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %2, i64 0
+  call void @qsort(ptr %8, i64 5, i64 8, ptr @"main.main$1")
+  %9 = load [5 x i64], ptr %2, align 4
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2, %_llgo_0
+  %10 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_0 ], [ %11, %_llgo_2 ]
+  %11 = add i64 %10, 1
+  %12 = icmp slt i64 %11, 5
+  br i1 %12, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %13 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %2, i64 %11
+  %14 = load i64, ptr %13, align 4
+  %15 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %14)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+declare void @qsort(ptr, i64, i64, ptr)
+
+define i32 @"main.main$1"(ptr %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = load i64, ptr %0, align 4
+  %3 = load i64, ptr %1, align 4
+  %4 = sub i64 %2, %3
+  %5 = trunc i64 %4 to i32
+  ret i32 %5
+}
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/result/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	fn := func() func(int, int) int {
+		return func(x, y int) int {
+			return x + y
+		}
+	}()
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), fn(100, 200))
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), add()(100, 200))
+	fn, n := add2()
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%d %d\n"), add()(100, 200), n)
+}
+
+func add() func(int, int) int {
+	return func(x, y int) int {
+		return x + y
+	}
+}
+
+func add2() (func(int, int) int, int) {
+	return func(x, y int) int {
+		return x + y
+	}, 1
+}

cl/_testrt/result/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"%d %d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define { ptr, ptr } @main.add() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @"__llgo_stub.main.add$1", ptr %1, align 8
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr null, ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, align 8
+  ret { ptr, ptr } %3
+}
+
+define { { ptr, ptr }, i64 } @main.add2() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @"__llgo_stub.main.add2$1", ptr %1, align 8
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr null, ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, align 8
+  %mrv = insertvalue { { ptr, ptr }, i64 } poison, { ptr, ptr } %3, 0
+  %mrv1 = insertvalue { { ptr, ptr }, i64 } %mrv, i64 1, 1
+  ret { { ptr, ptr }, i64 } %mrv1
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call { ptr, ptr } @"main.main$1"()
+  %3 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %2, 1
+  %4 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %2, 0
+  %5 = call i64 %4(ptr %3, i64 100, i64 200)
+  %6 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %5)
+  %7 = call { ptr, ptr } @main.add()
+  %8 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %7, 1
+  %9 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %7, 0
+  %10 = call i64 %9(ptr %8, i64 100, i64 200)
+  %11 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @1, i64 %10)
+  %12 = call { { ptr, ptr }, i64 } @main.add2()
+  %13 = extractvalue { { ptr, ptr }, i64 } %12, 0
+  %14 = extractvalue { { ptr, ptr }, i64 } %12, 1
+  %15 = call { ptr, ptr } @main.add()
+  %16 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %15, 1
+  %17 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %15, 0
+  %18 = call i64 %17(ptr %16, i64 100, i64 200)
+  %19 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @2, i64 %18, i64 %14)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define i64 @"main.add$1"(i64 %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = add i64 %0, %1
+  ret i64 %2
+}
+
+define linkonce i64 @"__llgo_stub.main.add$1"(ptr %0, i64 %1, i64 %2) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %3 = tail call i64 @"main.add$1"(i64 %1, i64 %2)
+  ret i64 %3
+}
+
+define i64 @"main.add2$1"(i64 %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = add i64 %0, %1
+  ret i64 %2
+}
+
+define linkonce i64 @"__llgo_stub.main.add2$1"(ptr %0, i64 %1, i64 %2) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %3 = tail call i64 @"main.add2$1"(i64 %1, i64 %2)
+  ret i64 %3
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+define { ptr, ptr } @"main.main$1"() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @"__llgo_stub.main.main$1$1", ptr %1, align 8
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr null, ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, align 8
+  ret { ptr, ptr } %3
+}
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)
+
+define i64 @"main.main$1$1"(i64 %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = add i64 %0, %1
+  ret i64 %2
+}
+
+define linkonce i64 @"__llgo_stub.main.main$1$1"(ptr %0, i64 %1, i64 %2) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %3 = tail call i64 @"main.main$1$1"(i64 %1, i64 %2)
+  ret i64 %3
+}

cl/_testrt/strlen/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package main
+
+import "C"
+import _ "unsafe"
+
+//go:linkname printf C.printf
+func printf(format *int8, __llgo_va_list ...any)
+
+//go:linkname strlen C.strlen
+func strlen(str *int8) C.int
+
+var format = [...]int8{'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', '%', 'd', '\n', 0}
+
+func main() {
+	sfmt := &format[0]
+	printf(sfmt, strlen(sfmt))
+}

cl/_testrt/strlen/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@main.format = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  store i8 72, ptr @main.format, align 1
+  store i8 101, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 1), align 1
+  store i8 108, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 2), align 1
+  store i8 108, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 3), align 1
+  store i8 111, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 4), align 1
+  store i8 32, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 5), align 1
+  store i8 37, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 6), align 1
+  store i8 100, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 7), align 1
+  store i8 10, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 8), align 1
+  store i8 0, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 9), align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call i32 @strlen(ptr @main.format)
+  call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.format, i32 %2)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare i32 @strlen(ptr)
+
+declare void @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/struct/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package main
+
+import "C"
+import _ "unsafe"
+
+//go:linkname printf C.printf
+func printf(format *int8, __llgo_va_list ...any)
+
+type Foo struct {
+	A  C.int
+	ok bool
+}
+
+var format = [...]int8{'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', '%', 'd', '\n', 0}
+
+func (p Foo) Print() {
+	if p.ok {
+		printf(&format[0], p.A)
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	foo := Foo{100, true}
+	foo.Print()
+}

cl/_testrt/struct/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%main.Foo = type { i32, i1 }
+
+@main.format = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+
+define void @"(main.Foo).Print"(%main.Foo %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = alloca %main.Foo, align 8
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %1, i64 8)
+  store %main.Foo %0, ptr %2, align 4
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %main.Foo, ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
+  %4 = load i1, ptr %3, align 1
+  br i1 %4, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %main.Foo, ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
+  %6 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4
+  call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.format, i32 %6)
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @"(*main.Foo).Print"(ptr %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = load %main.Foo, ptr %0, align 4
+  call void @"(main.Foo).Print"(%main.Foo %1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  store i8 72, ptr @main.format, align 1
+  store i8 101, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 1), align 1
+  store i8 108, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 2), align 1
+  store i8 108, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 3), align 1
+  store i8 111, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 4), align 1
+  store i8 32, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 5), align 1
+  store i8 37, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 6), align 1
+  store i8 100, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 7), align 1
+  store i8 10, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 8), align 1
+  store i8 0, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 9), align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = alloca %main.Foo, align 8
+  %3 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %2, i64 8)
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds %main.Foo, ptr %3, i32 0, i32 0
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %main.Foo, ptr %3, i32 0, i32 1
+  store i32 100, ptr %4, align 4
+  store i1 true, ptr %5, align 1
+  %6 = load %main.Foo, ptr %3, align 4
+  call void @"(main.Foo).Print"(%main.Foo %6)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare void @printf(ptr, ...)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()

cl/_testrt/sum/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func sum(args ...int) (ret int) {
+	for _, v := range args {
+		ret += v
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func main() {
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Hello %d\n"), sum(1, 2, 3, 4))
+}

cl/_testrt/sum/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" = type { ptr, i64, i64 }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [10 x i8] c"Hello %d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 32)
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %2, i64 0
+  store i64 1, ptr %3, align 4
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %2, i64 1
+  store i64 2, ptr %4, align 4
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %2, i64 2
+  store i64 3, ptr %5, align 4
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %2, i64 3
+  store i64 4, ptr %6, align 4
+  %7 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %2, i64 8, i64 4, i64 0, i64 4, i64 4)
+  %8 = call i64 @main.sum(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  %9 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %8)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define i64 @main.sum(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2, %_llgo_0
+  %2 = phi i64 [ 0, %_llgo_0 ], [ %9, %_llgo_2 ]
+  %3 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_0 ], [ %4, %_llgo_2 ]
+  %4 = add i64 %3, 1
+  %5 = icmp slt i64 %4, %1
+  br i1 %5, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %6 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0)
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %6, i64 %4
+  %8 = load i64, ptr %7, align 4
+  %9 = add i64 %2, %8
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  ret i64 %2
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr, i64, i64, i64, i64, i64)
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")

cl/_testrt/typalias/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package main
+
+import "C"
+import _ "unsafe"
+
+//go:linkname printf C.printf
+func printf(format *int8, __llgo_va_list ...any)
+
+type Foo = struct {
+	A  C.int
+	ok bool
+}
+
+var format = [...]int8{'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', '%', 'd', '\n', 0}
+
+func Print(p *Foo) {
+	if p.ok {
+		printf(&format[0], p.A)
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	foo := &Foo{100, true}
+	Print(foo)
+}

cl/_testrt/typalias/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@main.format = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+
+define void @main.Print(ptr %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds { i32, i1 }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 1
+  %2 = load i1, ptr %1, align 1
+  br i1 %2, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds { i32, i1 }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  %4 = load i32, ptr %3, align 4
+  call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.format, i32 %4)
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  store i8 72, ptr @main.format, align 1
+  store i8 101, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 1), align 1
+  store i8 108, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 2), align 1
+  store i8 108, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 3), align 1
+  store i8 111, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 4), align 1
+  store i8 32, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 5), align 1
+  store i8 37, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 6), align 1
+  store i8 100, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 7), align 1
+  store i8 10, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 8), align 1
+  store i8 0, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 9), align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 8)
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds { i32, i1 }, ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds { i32, i1 }, ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
+  store i32 100, ptr %3, align 4
+  store i1 true, ptr %4, align 1
+  call void @main.Print(ptr %2)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @printf(ptr, ...)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)

cl/_testrt/unreachable/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func foo() {
+	c.Unreachable()
+}
+
+func main() {
+	foo()
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Hello\n"))
+}

cl/_testrt/unreachable/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"Hello\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.foo() {
+_llgo_0:
+  unreachable
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  call void @main.foo()
+  %2 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/builtin_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package cl
+
+import (
+	"go/ast"
+	"go/constant"
+	"go/types"
+	"testing"
+
+	llssa "github.com/goplus/llgo/ssa"
+	"golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa"
+)
+
+func TestRecvTypeName(t *testing.T) {
+	if ret := recvTypeName(&ast.IndexExpr{
+		X:     &ast.Ident{Name: "Pointer"},
+		Index: &ast.Ident{Name: "T"},
+	}); ret != "Pointer" {
+		t.Fatal("recvTypeName IndexExpr:", ret)
+	}
+	if ret := recvTypeName(&ast.IndexListExpr{
+		X:       &ast.Ident{Name: "Pointer"},
+		Indices: []ast.Expr{&ast.Ident{Name: "T"}},
+	}); ret != "Pointer" {
+		t.Fatal("recvTypeName IndexListExpr:", ret)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Fatal("recvTypeName: no error?")
+		}
+	}()
+	recvTypeName(&ast.BadExpr{})
+}
+
+/*
+func TestErrCompileValue(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != "can't use llgo instruction as a value" {
+			t.Fatal("TestErrCompileValue:", r)
+		}
+	}()
+	pkg := types.NewPackage("foo", "foo")
+	ctx := &context{
+		goTyps: pkg,
+		link: map[string]string{
+			"foo.": "llgo.unreachable",
+		},
+	}
+	ctx.compileValue(nil, &ssa.Function{
+		Pkg:       &ssa.Package{Pkg: pkg},
+		Signature: types.NewSignatureType(nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, false),
+	})
+}
+*/
+
+func TestErrCompileInstrOrValue(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Fatal("compileInstrOrValue: no error?")
+		}
+	}()
+	ctx := &context{
+		bvals: make(map[ssa.Value]llssa.Expr),
+	}
+	ctx.compileInstrOrValue(nil, &ssa.Call{}, true)
+}
+
+func TestErrAdvance(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Fatal("advance: no error?")
+		}
+	}()
+	var ctx context
+	ctx.advance(nil, nil)
+}
+
+func TestErrAlloca(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Fatal("alloca: no error?")
+		}
+	}()
+	var ctx context
+	ctx.alloca(nil, nil)
+}
+
+func TestErrAllocaCStr(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Fatal("allocaCStr: no error?")
+		}
+	}()
+	var ctx context
+	ctx.allocaCStr(nil, nil)
+}
+
+func TestCStrNoArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Fatal("cstr: no error?")
+		}
+	}()
+	cstr(nil, nil)
+}
+
+func TestCStrNonconst(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Fatal("cstr: no error?")
+		}
+	}()
+	cstr(nil, []ssa.Value{&ssa.Parameter{}})
+}
+
+func TestPkgNoInit(t *testing.T) {
+	pkg := types.NewPackage("foo", "foo")
+	ctx := &context{
+		goTyps: pkg,
+		loaded: make(map[*types.Package]*pkgInfo),
+	}
+	if ctx.pkgNoInit(pkg) {
+		t.Fatal("pkgNoInit?")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPkgKind(t *testing.T) {
+	if v, _ := pkgKind("link: hello.a"); v != PkgLinkExtern {
+		t.Fatal("pkgKind:", v)
+	}
+	if v, _ := pkgKind("noinit"); v != PkgNoInit {
+		t.Fatal("pkgKind:", v)
+	}
+	if v, _ := pkgKind(""); v != PkgLLGo {
+		t.Fatal("pkgKind:", v)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPkgKindOf(t *testing.T) {
+	if v, _ := PkgKindOf(types.Unsafe); v != PkgDeclOnly {
+		t.Fatal("PkgKindOf unsafe:", v)
+	}
+	pkg := types.NewPackage("foo", "foo")
+	pkg.Scope().Insert(
+		types.NewConst(
+			0, pkg, "LLGoPackage", types.Typ[types.String],
+			constant.MakeString("noinit")),
+	)
+	if v, _ := PkgKindOf(pkg); v != PkgNoInit {
+		t.Fatal("PkgKindOf foo:", v)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsAny(t *testing.T) {
+	if isAny(types.Typ[types.UntypedInt]) {
+		t.Fatal("isAny?")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIntVal(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Fatal("intVal: no error?")
+		}
+	}()
+	intVal(&ssa.Parameter{})
+}
+
+func TestIgnoreName(t *testing.T) {
+	if !ignoreName("runtime.foo") || !ignoreName("runtime/foo") || !ignoreName("internal/abi") {
+		t.Fatal("ignoreName failed")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestErrImport(t *testing.T) {
+	var ctx context
+	pkg := types.NewPackage("foo", "foo")
+	ctx.importPkg(pkg, nil)
+}
+
+func TestErrInitLinkname(t *testing.T) {
+	var ctx context
+	ctx.initLinkname("//llgo:link abc", func(name string) (string, bool, bool) {
+		return "", false, false
+	})
+	ctx.initLinkname("//go:linkname Printf printf", func(name string) (string, bool, bool) {
+		return "", false, false
+	})
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Fatal("initLinkname: no error?")
+		}
+	}()
+	ctx.initLinkname("//go:linkname Printf printf", func(name string) (string, bool, bool) {
+		return "foo.Printf", false, name == "Printf"
+	})
+}
+
+func TestErrVarOf(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Fatal("varOf: no error?")
+		}
+	}()
+	prog := llssa.NewProgram(nil)
+	pkg := prog.NewPackage("foo", "foo")
+	pkgTypes := types.NewPackage("foo", "foo")
+	ctx := &context{
+		pkg:    pkg,
+		goTyps: pkgTypes,
+	}
+	ssaPkg := &ssa.Package{Pkg: pkgTypes}
+	g := &ssa.Global{Pkg: ssaPkg}
+	ctx.varOf(g)
+}

cl/cltest/cltest.go

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package cltest
+
+import (
+	"archive/zip"
+	"go/ast"
+	"go/parser"
+	"go/token"
+	"go/types"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/gogen/packages"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/llgen"
+	"golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa"
+	"golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa/ssautil"
+
+	llssa "github.com/goplus/llgo/ssa"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	cl.SetDebug(cl.DbgFlagAll)
+	llssa.Initialize(llssa.InitAll | llssa.InitNative)
+	llssa.SetDebug(llssa.DbgFlagAll)
+}
+
+func FromDir(t *testing.T, sel, relDir string, byLLGen bool) {
+	dir, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("Getwd failed:", err)
+	}
+	dir = path.Join(dir, relDir)
+	fis, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("ReadDir failed:", err)
+	}
+	for _, fi := range fis {
+		name := fi.Name()
+		if !fi.IsDir() || strings.HasPrefix(name, "_") {
+			continue
+		}
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			testFrom(t, dir+"/"+name, sel, byLLGen)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// *.ll => *.lla
+func decodeLinkFile(llFile string) (data []byte, err error) {
+	zipFile := llFile + "a"
+	zipf, err := zip.OpenReader(zipFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	defer zipf.Close()
+	f, err := zipf.Open("llgo_autogen.ll")
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	data, err = io.ReadAll(f)
+	if err == nil {
+		os.WriteFile(llFile, data, 0644)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func Pkg(t *testing.T, pkgPath, outFile string) {
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(outFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			t.Fatal("ReadFile failed:", err)
+		}
+		if b, err = decodeLinkFile(outFile); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal("decodeLinkFile failed:", err)
+		}
+	}
+	expected := string(b)
+	if v := llgen.GenFrom(pkgPath); v != expected {
+		t.Fatalf("\n==> got:\n%s\n==> expected:\n%s\n", v, expected)
+	}
+}
+
+func testFrom(t *testing.T, pkgDir, sel string, byLLGen bool) {
+	if sel != "" && !strings.Contains(pkgDir, sel) {
+		return
+	}
+	log.Println("Parsing", pkgDir)
+	in := pkgDir + "/in.go"
+	out := pkgDir + "/out.ll"
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(out)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("ReadFile failed:", err)
+	}
+	expected := string(b)
+	if byLLGen {
+		if v := llgen.GenFrom(in); v != expected {
+			t.Fatalf("\n==> got:\n%s\n==> expected:\n%s\n", v, expected)
+		}
+	} else {
+		TestCompileEx(t, nil, in, expected)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompileEx(t *testing.T, src any, fname, expected string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	fset := token.NewFileSet()
+	f, err := parser.ParseFile(fset, fname, src, parser.ParseComments)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("ParseFile failed:", err)
+	}
+	files := []*ast.File{f}
+	name := f.Name.Name
+	pkg := types.NewPackage(name, name)
+	imp := packages.NewImporter(fset)
+	foo, _, err := ssautil.BuildPackage(
+		&types.Config{Importer: imp}, fset, pkg, files, ssa.SanityCheckFunctions)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("BuildPackage failed:", err)
+	}
+	foo.WriteTo(os.Stderr)
+	prog := llssa.NewProgram(nil)
+	prog.SetRuntime(func() *types.Package {
+		rt, err := imp.Import(llssa.PkgRuntime)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal("load runtime failed:", err)
+		}
+		return rt
+	})
+
+	ret, err := cl.NewPackage(prog, foo, files)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("cl.NewPackage failed:", err)
+	}
+	if v := ret.String(); v != expected {
+		t.Fatalf("\n==> got:\n%s\n==> expected:\n%s\n", v, expected)
+	}
+}

cl/compile.go

@@ -19,11 +19,13 @@ package cl
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"go/ast"
+	"go/constant"
 	"go/token"
 	"go/types"
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"sort"
+	"strings"
 
 	llssa "github.com/goplus/llgo/ssa"
 	"golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa"
@@ -56,16 +58,18 @@ func SetDebug(dbgFlags dbgFlags) {
 const (
 	fnNormal = iota
 	fnHasVArg
-	fnUnsafeInit
+	fnIgnore
 )
 
-func funcKind(vfn ssa.Value) int {
-	if fn, ok := vfn.(*ssa.Function); ok && fn.Signature.Recv() == nil {
+func (p *context) funcKind(vfn ssa.Value) int {
+	if fn, ok := vfn.(*ssa.Function); ok {
 		params := fn.Signature.Params()
 		n := params.Len()
 		if n == 0 {
-			if fn.Name() == "init" && fn.Pkg.Pkg.Path() == "unsafe" {
-				return fnUnsafeInit
+			if fn.Signature.Recv() == nil {
+				if fn.Name() == "init" && p.pkgNoInit(fn.Pkg.Pkg) {
+					return fnIgnore
+				}
 			}
 		} else {
 			last := params.At(n - 1)
@@ -77,106 +81,464 @@ func funcKind(vfn ssa.Value) int {
 	return fnNormal
 }
 
+func (p *context) pkgNoInit(pkg *types.Package) bool {
+	p.ensureLoaded(pkg)
+	if i, ok := p.loaded[pkg]; ok {
+		return i.kind >= PkgNoInit
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func ignoreName(name string) bool {
+	/* TODO(xsw): confirm this is not needed more
+	if name == "unsafe.init" {
+		return true
+	}
+	*/
+	if strings.HasPrefix(name, "internal/") || strings.HasPrefix(name, "crypto/") ||
+		strings.HasPrefix(name, "arena.") || strings.HasPrefix(name, "maps.") ||
+		strings.HasPrefix(name, "time.") || strings.HasPrefix(name, "syscall.") ||
+		strings.HasPrefix(name, "os.") || strings.HasPrefix(name, "plugin.") ||
+		strings.HasPrefix(name, "reflect.") || strings.HasPrefix(name, "errors.") {
+		return true // TODO(xsw)
+	}
+	return inPkg(name, "runtime") || inPkg(name, "sync")
+}
+
+func inPkg(name, pkg string) bool {
+	if len(name) > len(pkg) && strings.HasPrefix(name, pkg) {
+		c := name[len(pkg)]
+		return c == '.' || c == '/'
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-type none = struct{}
-
-type instrAndValue interface {
+type instrOrValue interface {
 	ssa.Instruction
 	ssa.Value
 }
 
+const (
+	PkgNormal = iota
+	PkgLLGo
+	PkgNoInit     // noinit: a package that don't need to be initialized
+	PkgDeclOnly   // decl: a package that only have declarations
+	PkgLinkIR     // link llvm ir (.ll)
+	PkgLinkExtern // link external object (.a/.so/.dll/.dylib/etc.)
+	// PkgLinkBitCode // link bitcode (.bc)
+)
+
+type pkgInfo struct {
+	kind int
+}
+
 type context struct {
 	prog   llssa.Program
 	pkg    llssa.Package
 	fn     llssa.Function
 	fset   *token.FileSet
+	goProg *ssa.Program
 	goTyps *types.Package
 	goPkg  *ssa.Package
 	link   map[string]string           // pkgPath.nameInPkg => linkname
-	loaded map[*types.Package]none  // loaded packages
+	loaded map[*types.Package]*pkgInfo // loaded packages
 	bvals  map[ssa.Value]llssa.Expr    // block values
+	vargs  map[*ssa.Alloc][]llssa.Expr // varargs
 	inits  []func()
+	phis   []func()
 }
 
-func (p *context) compileType(pkg llssa.Package, member *ssa.Type) {
-	panic("todo")
+func (p *context) compileType(pkg llssa.Package, t *ssa.Type) {
+	tn := t.Object().(*types.TypeName)
+	if tn.IsAlias() { // don't need to compile alias type
+		return
+	}
+	tnName := tn.Name()
+	typ := tn.Type()
+	name := llssa.FullName(tn.Pkg(), tnName)
+	if ignoreName(name) {
+		return
+	}
+	if debugInstr {
+		log.Println("==> NewType", name, typ)
+	}
+	p.compileMethods(pkg, typ)
+	p.compileMethods(pkg, types.NewPointer(typ))
+}
+
+func (p *context) compileMethods(pkg llssa.Package, typ types.Type) {
+	prog := p.goProg
+	mthds := prog.MethodSets.MethodSet(typ)
+	for i, n := 0, mthds.Len(); i < n; i++ {
+		mthd := mthds.At(i)
+		if ssaMthd := prog.MethodValue(mthd); ssaMthd != nil {
+			p.compileFuncDecl(pkg, ssaMthd)
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 // Global variable.
 func (p *context) compileGlobal(pkg llssa.Package, gbl *ssa.Global) {
 	typ := gbl.Type()
-	name := fullName(gbl.Pkg.Pkg, gbl.Name())
-	if debugInstr {
-		log.Println("==> NewVar", name, typ)
-	}
-	g := pkg.NewVar(name, typ)
-	g.Init(p.prog.Null(g.Type))
-}
-
-func (p *context) compileFunc(pkg llssa.Package, f *ssa.Function) {
-	name := p.funcName(f.Pkg.Pkg, f)
-	if name == "unsafe.init" {
+	name, vtype := p.varName(gbl.Pkg.Pkg, gbl)
+	if ignoreName(name) || checkCgo(gbl.Name()) {
 		return
 	}
 	if debugInstr {
-		log.Println("==> NewFunc", name)
+		log.Println("==> NewVar", name, typ)
 	}
-	fn := pkg.NewFunc(name, f.Signature)
+	g := pkg.NewVar(name, typ, llssa.Background(vtype))
+	if vtype == goVar {
+		g.Init(p.prog.Null(g.Type))
+	}
+}
+
+func makeClosureCtx(pkg *types.Package, vars []*ssa.FreeVar) *types.Var {
+	n := len(vars)
+	flds := make([]*types.Var, n)
+	for i, v := range vars {
+		flds[i] = types.NewField(token.NoPos, pkg, v.Name(), v.Type(), false)
+	}
+	t := types.NewPointer(types.NewStruct(flds, nil))
+	return types.NewParam(token.NoPos, pkg, "__llgo_ctx", t)
+}
+
+var (
+	argvTy = types.NewPointer(types.NewPointer(types.Typ[types.Int8]))
+)
+
+func (p *context) compileFuncDecl(pkg llssa.Package, f *ssa.Function) llssa.Function {
+	pkgTypes, name, ftype := p.funcName(f, true)
+	if ftype != goFunc {
+		return nil
+	}
+	fn := pkg.FuncOf(name)
+	if fn != nil && fn.HasBody() {
+		return fn
+	}
+
+	var sig = f.Signature
+	var hasCtx = len(f.FreeVars) > 0
+	if hasCtx {
+		if debugInstr {
+			log.Println("==> NewClosure", name, "type:", sig)
+		}
+		ctx := makeClosureCtx(pkgTypes, f.FreeVars)
+		sig = llssa.FuncAddCtx(ctx, sig)
+	} else {
+		if debugInstr {
+			log.Println("==> NewFunc", name, "type:", sig.Recv(), sig)
+		}
+	}
+	if fn == nil {
+		if name == "main" {
+			argc := types.NewParam(token.NoPos, pkgTypes, "", types.Typ[types.Int32])
+			argv := types.NewParam(token.NoPos, pkgTypes, "", argvTy)
+			params := types.NewTuple(argc, argv)
+			sig = types.NewSignatureType(nil, nil, nil, params, nil, false)
+		}
+		fn = pkg.NewFuncEx(name, sig, llssa.Background(ftype), hasCtx)
+	}
+	if nblk := len(f.Blocks); nblk > 0 {
+		fn.MakeBlocks(nblk) // to set fn.HasBody() = true
 		p.inits = append(p.inits, func() {
 			p.fn = fn
 			defer func() {
 				p.fn = nil
 			}()
-		nblk := len(f.Blocks)
-		if nblk == 0 { // external function
-			return
-		}
+			p.phis = nil
 			if debugGoSSA {
 				f.WriteTo(os.Stderr)
 			}
 			if debugInstr {
 				log.Println("==> FuncBody", name)
 			}
-		fn.MakeBlocks(nblk)
 			b := fn.NewBuilder()
+			p.bvals = make(map[ssa.Value]llssa.Expr)
+			off := make([]int, len(f.Blocks))
 			for i, block := range f.Blocks {
-			p.compileBlock(b, block, i == 0 && name == "main")
+				off[i] = p.compilePhis(b, block)
+			}
+			for i, block := range f.Blocks {
+				p.compileBlock(b, block, off[i], i == 0 && name == "main")
+			}
+			for _, phi := range p.phis {
+				phi()
 			}
 		})
+	}
+	return fn
 }
 
-func (p *context) compileBlock(b llssa.Builder, block *ssa.BasicBlock, doInit bool) llssa.BasicBlock {
+// funcOf returns a function by name and set ftype = goFunc, cFunc, etc.
+// or returns nil and set ftype = llgoCstr, llgoAlloca, llgoUnreachable, etc.
+func (p *context) funcOf(fn *ssa.Function) (ret llssa.Function, ftype int) {
+	_, name, ftype := p.funcName(fn, false)
+	if ftype == llgoInstr {
+		switch name {
+		case "cstr":
+			ftype = llgoCstr
+		case "advance":
+			ftype = llgoAdvance
+		case "index":
+			ftype = llgoIndex
+		case "alloca":
+			ftype = llgoAlloca
+		case "allocaCStr":
+			ftype = llgoAllocaCStr
+		case "unreachable":
+			ftype = llgoUnreachable
+		case "bitCastTo64F":
+			ftype = llgoBitCastTo64F
+		case "bitCastTo32F":
+			ftype = llgoBitCastTo32F
+		default:
+			panic("unknown llgo instruction: " + name)
+		}
+	} else {
+		pkg := p.pkg
+		if ret = pkg.FuncOf(name); ret == nil && len(fn.FreeVars) == 0 {
+			sig := fn.Signature
+			ret = pkg.NewFuncEx(name, sig, llssa.Background(ftype), false)
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (p *context) compileBlock(b llssa.Builder, block *ssa.BasicBlock, n int, doInit bool) llssa.BasicBlock {
 	ret := p.fn.Block(block.Index)
 	b.SetBlock(ret)
-	p.bvals = make(map[ssa.Value]llssa.Expr)
 	if doInit {
-		fn := p.pkg.FuncOf("main.init")
-		b.Call(fn.Expr)
+		prog := p.prog
+		pkg := p.pkg
+		fn := p.fn
+		argc := pkg.NewVar("__llgo_argc", types.NewPointer(types.Typ[types.Int32]), llssa.InC)
+		argv := pkg.NewVar("__llgo_argv", types.NewPointer(argvTy), llssa.InC)
+		argc.Init(prog.Null(argc.Type))
+		argv.Init(prog.Null(argv.Type))
+		b.Store(argc.Expr, fn.Param(0))
+		b.Store(argv.Expr, fn.Param(1))
+		callRuntimeInit(b, pkg)
+		b.Call(pkg.FuncOf("main.init").Expr)
 	}
-	for _, instr := range block.Instrs {
+	for _, instr := range block.Instrs[n:] {
 		p.compileInstr(b, instr)
 	}
 	return ret
 }
 
-func (p *context) compileInstrAndValue(b llssa.Builder, iv instrAndValue) (ret llssa.Expr) {
+const (
+	RuntimeInit = llssa.PkgRuntime + ".init"
+)
+
+func callRuntimeInit(b llssa.Builder, pkg llssa.Package) {
+	sig := types.NewSignatureType(nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, false)
+	fn := pkg.NewFunc(RuntimeInit, sig, llssa.InC) // don't need to convert runtime.init
+	b.Call(fn.Expr)
+}
+
+func isAny(t types.Type) bool {
+	if t, ok := t.(*types.Interface); ok {
+		return t.Empty()
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func intVal(v ssa.Value) int64 {
+	if c, ok := v.(*ssa.Const); ok {
+		if iv, exact := constant.Int64Val(c.Value); exact {
+			return iv
+		}
+	}
+	panic("intVal: ssa.Value is not a const int")
+}
+
+func (p *context) isVArgs(vx ssa.Value) (ret []llssa.Expr, ok bool) {
+	if va, vok := vx.(*ssa.Alloc); vok {
+		ret, ok = p.vargs[va] // varargs: this is a varargs index
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (p *context) checkVArgs(v *ssa.Alloc, t *types.Pointer) bool {
+	if v.Comment == "varargs" { // this maybe a varargs allocation
+		if arr, ok := t.Elem().(*types.Array); ok {
+			if isAny(arr.Elem()) && isVargs(p, v) {
+				p.vargs[v] = make([]llssa.Expr, arr.Len())
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func isVargs(ctx *context, v *ssa.Alloc) bool {
+	refs := *v.Referrers()
+	n := len(refs)
+	lastref := refs[n-1]
+	if i, ok := lastref.(*ssa.Slice); ok {
+		if refs = *i.Referrers(); len(refs) == 1 {
+			if call, ok := refs[0].(*ssa.Call); ok {
+				return ctx.funcKind(call.Call.Value) == fnHasVArg
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// func cstr(string) *int8
+func cstr(b llssa.Builder, args []ssa.Value) (ret llssa.Expr) {
+	if len(args) == 1 {
+		if c, ok := args[0].(*ssa.Const); ok {
+			if v := c.Value; v.Kind() == constant.String {
+				sv := constant.StringVal(v)
+				return b.CStr(sv)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	panic("cstr(<string-literal>): invalid arguments")
+}
+
+// func index(arr *T, idx int) T
+func (p *context) index(b llssa.Builder, args []ssa.Value) (ret llssa.Expr) {
+	return b.Load(p.advance(b, args))
+}
+
+// func advance(ptr *T, offset int) *T
+func (p *context) advance(b llssa.Builder, args []ssa.Value) (ret llssa.Expr) {
+	if len(args) == 2 {
+		ptr := p.compileValue(b, args[0])
+		offset := p.compileValue(b, args[1])
+		return b.Advance(ptr, offset)
+	}
+	panic("advance(p ptr, offset int): invalid arguments")
+}
+
+// func alloca(size uintptr) unsafe.Pointer
+func (p *context) alloca(b llssa.Builder, args []ssa.Value) (ret llssa.Expr) {
+	if len(args) == 1 {
+		n := p.compileValue(b, args[0])
+		return b.Alloca(n)
+	}
+	panic("alloca(size uintptr): invalid arguments")
+}
+
+// func allocaCStr(s string) *int8
+func (p *context) allocaCStr(b llssa.Builder, args []ssa.Value) (ret llssa.Expr) {
+	if len(args) == 1 {
+		s := p.compileValue(b, args[0])
+		return b.AllocaCStr(s)
+	}
+	panic("allocaCStr(s string): invalid arguments")
+}
+
+func isPhi(i ssa.Instruction) bool {
+	_, ok := i.(*ssa.Phi)
+	return ok
+}
+
+func (p *context) compilePhis(b llssa.Builder, block *ssa.BasicBlock) int {
+	ret := p.fn.Block(block.Index)
+	b.SetBlock(ret)
+	if ninstr := len(block.Instrs); ninstr > 0 {
+		if isPhi(block.Instrs[0]) {
+			n := 1
+			for n < ninstr && isPhi(block.Instrs[n]) {
+				n++
+			}
+			rets := make([]llssa.Expr, n)
+			for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+				iv := block.Instrs[i].(*ssa.Phi)
+				rets[i] = p.compilePhi(b, iv)
+			}
+			for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+				iv := block.Instrs[i].(*ssa.Phi)
+				p.bvals[iv] = rets[i].Do(b)
+			}
+			return n
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (p *context) compilePhi(b llssa.Builder, v *ssa.Phi) (ret llssa.Expr) {
+	phi := b.Phi(p.prog.Type(v.Type(), llssa.InGo))
+	ret = phi.Expr
+	p.phis = append(p.phis, func() {
+		preds := v.Block().Preds
+		bblks := make([]llssa.BasicBlock, len(preds))
+		for i, pred := range preds {
+			bblks[i] = p.fn.Block(pred.Index)
+		}
+		edges := v.Edges
+		phi.AddIncoming(b, bblks, func(i int) llssa.Expr {
+			return p.compileValue(b, edges[i])
+		})
+	})
+	return
+}
+
+func (p *context) compileInstrOrValue(b llssa.Builder, iv instrOrValue, asValue bool) (ret llssa.Expr) {
+	if asValue {
 		if v, ok := p.bvals[iv]; ok {
 			return v
 		}
+		log.Panicln("unreachable:", iv)
+	}
 	switch v := iv.(type) {
 	case *ssa.Call:
-		call := v.Call
-		kind := funcKind(call.Value)
-		if kind == fnUnsafeInit {
+		cv := v.Call.Value
+		kind := p.funcKind(cv)
+		if kind == fnIgnore {
 			return
 		}
+		args := v.Call.Args
 		if debugGoSSA {
-			log.Println(">>> Call", call.Value, call.Args)
+			log.Println(">>> Call", cv, args)
 		}
-		fn := p.compileValue(b, call.Value)
-		args := p.compileValues(b, call.Args, kind)
+		switch cv := cv.(type) {
+		case *ssa.Builtin:
+			fn := cv.Name()
+			if fn == "ssa:wrapnilchk" { // TODO(xsw): check nil ptr
+				arg := args[0]
+				ret = p.compileValue(b, arg)
+				// log.Println("wrapnilchk:", ret.TypeOf())
+			} else {
+				args := p.compileValues(b, args, kind)
+				ret = b.BuiltinCall(fn, args...)
+			}
+		case *ssa.Function:
+			fn, ftype := p.compileFunction(cv)
+			switch ftype {
+			case goFunc, cFunc:
+				args := p.compileValues(b, args, kind)
+				ret = b.Call(fn.Expr, args...)
+			case llgoCstr:
+				ret = cstr(b, args)
+			case llgoAdvance:
+				ret = p.advance(b, args)
+			case llgoIndex:
+				ret = p.index(b, args)
+			case llgoAlloca:
+				ret = p.alloca(b, args)
+			case llgoAllocaCStr:
+				ret = p.allocaCStr(b, args)
+			case llgoUnreachable: // func unreachable()
+				b.Unreachable()
+			case llgoBitCastTo32F:
+				ret = b.BitCast(p.compileValue(b, args[0]), b.Prog.Type(types.Typ[types.Float32], llssa.InGo))
+			case llgoBitCastTo64F:
+				ret = b.BitCast(p.compileValue(b, args[0]), b.Prog.Float64())
+			default:
+				panic("todo")
+			}
+		default:
+			fn := p.compileValue(b, cv)
+			args := p.compileValues(b, args, kind)
 			ret = b.Call(fn, args...)
+		}
 	case *ssa.BinOp:
 		x := p.compileValue(b, v.X)
 		y := p.compileValue(b, v.Y)
@@ -184,13 +546,103 @@ func (p *context) compileInstrAndValue(b llssa.Builder, iv instrAndValue) (ret l
 	case *ssa.UnOp:
 		x := p.compileValue(b, v.X)
 		ret = b.UnOp(v.Op, x)
-	case *ssa.IndexAddr:
+	case *ssa.ChangeType:
+		t := v.Type()
 		x := p.compileValue(b, v.X)
+		ret = b.ChangeType(p.prog.Type(t, llssa.InGo), x)
+	case *ssa.Convert:
+		t := v.Type()
+		x := p.compileValue(b, v.X)
+		ret = b.Convert(p.prog.Type(t, llssa.InGo), x)
+	case *ssa.FieldAddr:
+		x := p.compileValue(b, v.X)
+		ret = b.FieldAddr(x, v.Field)
+	case *ssa.Alloc:
+		t := v.Type().(*types.Pointer)
+		if p.checkVArgs(v, t) { // varargs: this maybe a varargs allocation
+			return
+		}
+		elem := p.prog.Type(t.Elem(), llssa.InGo)
+		ret = b.Alloc(elem, v.Heap)
+	case *ssa.IndexAddr:
+		vx := v.X
+		if _, ok := p.isVArgs(vx); ok { // varargs: this is a varargs index
+			return
+		}
+		x := p.compileValue(b, vx)
 		idx := p.compileValue(b, v.Index)
 		ret = b.IndexAddr(x, idx)
-	case *ssa.Alloc:
-		t := v.Type()
-		ret = b.Alloc(p.prog.Type(t), v.Heap)
+	case *ssa.Index:
+		x := p.compileValue(b, v.X)
+		idx := p.compileValue(b, v.Index)
+		ret = b.Index(x, idx, func(e llssa.Expr) (ret llssa.Expr) {
+			if e == x {
+				if n, ok := v.X.(*ssa.UnOp); ok {
+					return p.compileValue(b, n.X)
+				}
+			}
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("todo: addr of %v", e))
+		})
+	case *ssa.Lookup:
+		x := p.compileValue(b, v.X)
+		idx := p.compileValue(b, v.Index)
+		ret = b.Lookup(x, idx, v.CommaOk)
+	case *ssa.Slice:
+		vx := v.X
+		if _, ok := p.isVArgs(vx); ok { // varargs: this is a varargs slice
+			return
+		}
+		var low, high, max llssa.Expr
+		x := p.compileValue(b, vx)
+		if v.Low != nil {
+			low = p.compileValue(b, v.Low)
+		}
+		if v.High != nil {
+			high = p.compileValue(b, v.High)
+		}
+		if v.Max != nil {
+			max = p.compileValue(b, v.Max)
+		}
+		ret = b.Slice(x, low, high, max)
+	case *ssa.MakeInterface:
+		if refs := *v.Referrers(); len(refs) == 1 {
+			if ref, ok := refs[0].(*ssa.Store); ok {
+				if va, ok := ref.Addr.(*ssa.IndexAddr); ok {
+					if _, ok = p.isVArgs(va.X); ok { // varargs: this is a varargs store
+						return
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		t := p.prog.Type(v.Type(), llssa.InGo)
+		x := p.compileValue(b, v.X)
+		ret = b.MakeInterface(t, x)
+	case *ssa.MakeSlice:
+		var nCap llssa.Expr
+		t := p.prog.Type(v.Type(), llssa.InGo)
+		nLen := p.compileValue(b, v.Len)
+		if v.Cap != nil {
+			nCap = p.compileValue(b, v.Cap)
+		}
+		ret = b.MakeSlice(t, nLen, nCap)
+	case *ssa.MakeMap:
+		var nReserve llssa.Expr
+		t := p.prog.Type(v.Type(), llssa.InGo)
+		if v.Reserve != nil {
+			nReserve = p.compileValue(b, v.Reserve)
+		}
+		ret = b.MakeMap(t, nReserve)
+	case *ssa.MakeClosure:
+		fn := p.compileValue(b, v.Fn)
+		bindings := p.compileValues(b, v.Bindings, 0)
+		ret = b.MakeClosure(fn, bindings)
+	case *ssa.TypeAssert:
+		x := p.compileValue(b, v.X)
+		t := p.prog.Type(v.AssertedType, llssa.InGo)
+		ret = b.TypeAssert(x, t, v.CommaOk)
+	case *ssa.Extract:
+		x := p.compileValue(b, v.Tuple)
+		ret = b.Extract(x, v.Index)
 	default:
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("compileInstrAndValue: unknown instr - %T\n", iv))
 	}
@@ -199,13 +651,25 @@ func (p *context) compileInstrAndValue(b llssa.Builder, iv instrAndValue) (ret l
 }
 
 func (p *context) compileInstr(b llssa.Builder, instr ssa.Instruction) {
-	if iv, ok := instr.(instrAndValue); ok {
-		p.compileInstrAndValue(b, iv)
+	if iv, ok := instr.(instrOrValue); ok {
+		p.compileInstrOrValue(b, iv, false)
 		return
 	}
 	switch v := instr.(type) {
 	case *ssa.Store:
-		ptr := p.compileValue(b, v.Addr)
+		va := v.Addr
+		if va, ok := va.(*ssa.IndexAddr); ok {
+			if args, ok := p.isVArgs(va.X); ok { // varargs: this is a varargs store
+				idx := intVal(va.Index)
+				val := v.Val
+				if vi, ok := val.(*ssa.MakeInterface); ok {
+					val = vi.X
+				}
+				args[idx] = p.compileValue(b, val)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		ptr := p.compileValue(b, va)
 		val := p.compileValue(b, v.Val)
 		b.Store(ptr, val)
 	case *ssa.Jump:
@@ -229,14 +693,33 @@ func (p *context) compileInstr(b llssa.Builder, instr ssa.Instruction) {
 		thenb := fn.Block(succs[0].Index)
 		elseb := fn.Block(succs[1].Index)
 		b.If(cond, thenb, elseb)
+	case *ssa.MapUpdate:
+		m := p.compileValue(b, v.Map)
+		key := p.compileValue(b, v.Key)
+		val := p.compileValue(b, v.Value)
+		b.MapUpdate(m, key, val)
+	case *ssa.Panic:
+		arg := p.compileValue(b, v.X).Do(b)
+		b.Panic(arg)
 	default:
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("compileInstr: unknown instr - %T\n", instr))
 	}
 }
 
+func (p *context) compileFunction(v *ssa.Function) (llssa.Function, int) {
+	// v.Pkg == nil: means auto generated function?
+	if v.Pkg == p.goPkg || v.Pkg == nil {
+		// function in this package
+		if fn := p.compileFuncDecl(p.pkg, v); fn != nil {
+			return fn, goFunc
+		}
+	}
+	return p.funcOf(v)
+}
+
 func (p *context) compileValue(b llssa.Builder, v ssa.Value) llssa.Expr {
-	if iv, ok := v.(instrAndValue); ok {
-		return p.compileInstrAndValue(b, iv)
+	if iv, ok := v.(instrOrValue); ok {
+		return p.compileInstrOrValue(b, iv, true)
 	}
 	switch v := v.(type) {
 	case *ssa.Parameter:
@@ -247,14 +730,21 @@ func (p *context) compileValue(b llssa.Builder, v ssa.Value) llssa.Expr {
 			}
 		}
 	case *ssa.Function:
-		fn := p.funcOf(v)
+		fn, _ := p.compileFunction(v)
 		return fn.Expr
 	case *ssa.Global:
 		g := p.varOf(v)
 		return g.Expr
 	case *ssa.Const:
-		t := v.Type()
-		return b.Const(v.Value, p.prog.Type(t))
+		t := types.Default(v.Type())
+		return b.Const(v.Value, p.prog.Type(t, llssa.InGo))
+	case *ssa.FreeVar:
+		fn := v.Parent()
+		for idx, freeVar := range fn.FreeVars {
+			if freeVar == v {
+				return p.fn.FreeVar(b, idx)
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	panic(fmt.Sprintf("compileValue: unknown value - %T\n", v))
 }
@@ -262,19 +752,23 @@ func (p *context) compileValue(b llssa.Builder, v ssa.Value) llssa.Expr {
 func (p *context) compileVArg(ret []llssa.Expr, b llssa.Builder, v ssa.Value) []llssa.Expr {
 	_ = b
 	switch v := v.(type) {
+	case *ssa.Slice: // varargs: this is a varargs slice
+		if args, ok := p.isVArgs(v.X); ok {
+			return append(ret, args...)
+		}
 	case *ssa.Const:
 		if v.Value == nil {
 			return ret
 		}
 	}
-	panic("todo")
+	panic(fmt.Sprintf("compileVArg: unknown value - %T\n", v))
 }
 
 func (p *context) compileValues(b llssa.Builder, vals []ssa.Value, hasVArg int) []llssa.Expr {
 	n := len(vals) - hasVArg
 	ret := make([]llssa.Expr, n)
 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
-		ret[i] = p.compileValue(b, vals[i])
+		ret[i] = p.compileValue(b, vals[i]).Do(b)
 	}
 	if hasVArg > 0 {
 		ret = p.compileVArg(ret, b, vals[n])
@@ -291,51 +785,59 @@ func NewPackage(prog llssa.Program, pkg *ssa.Package, files []*ast.File) (ret ll
 		val  ssa.Member
 	}
 
-	// Sort by position, so that the order of the functions in the IR matches
-	// the order of functions in the source file. This is useful for testing,
-	// for example.
-	var members []*namedMember
+	members := make([]*namedMember, 0, len(pkg.Members))
 	for name, v := range pkg.Members {
 		members = append(members, &namedMember{name, v})
 	}
 	sort.Slice(members, func(i, j int) bool {
-		iPos := members[i].val.Pos()
-		jPos := members[j].val.Pos()
-		return iPos < jPos
+		return members[i].name < members[j].name
 	})
 
+	pkgProg := pkg.Prog
 	pkgTypes := pkg.Pkg
-	pkgName, pkgPath := pkgTypes.Name(), pkgTypes.Path()
+	pkgName, pkgPath := pkgTypes.Name(), llssa.PathOf(pkgTypes)
+	if pkgPath == llssa.PkgRuntime {
+		prog.SetRuntime(pkgTypes)
+	}
 	ret = prog.NewPackage(pkgName, pkgPath)
 
 	ctx := &context{
 		prog:   prog,
 		pkg:    ret,
-		fset:   pkg.Prog.Fset,
+		fset:   pkgProg.Fset,
+		goProg: pkgProg,
 		goTyps: pkgTypes,
 		goPkg:  pkg,
 		link:   make(map[string]string),
-		loaded: make(map[*types.Package]none),
+		vargs:  make(map[*ssa.Alloc][]llssa.Expr),
+		loaded: map[*types.Package]*pkgInfo{
+			types.Unsafe: {kind: PkgDeclOnly}, // TODO(xsw): PkgNoInit or PkgDeclOnly?
+		},
 	}
 	ctx.initFiles(pkgPath, files)
 	for _, m := range members {
 		member := m.val
 		switch member := member.(type) {
 		case *ssa.Function:
-			if member.TypeParams() != nil {
+			if member.TypeParams() != nil || member.TypeArgs() != nil {
+				// TODO(xsw): don't compile generic functions
 				// Do not try to build generic (non-instantiated) functions.
 				continue
 			}
-			ctx.compileFunc(ret, member)
+			ctx.compileFuncDecl(ret, member)
 		case *ssa.Type:
 			ctx.compileType(ret, member)
 		case *ssa.Global:
 			ctx.compileGlobal(ret, member)
 		}
 	}
-	for _, ini := range ctx.inits {
+	for len(ctx.inits) > 0 {
+		inits := ctx.inits
+		ctx.inits = nil
+		for _, ini := range inits {
 			ini()
 		}
+	}
 	return
 }
 

cl/compile_test.go

@@ -14,101 +14,38 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package cl
+package cl_test
 
 import (
-	"go/ast"
-	"go/parser"
-	"go/token"
-	"go/types"
-	"log"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/goplus/gogen/packages"
-	"golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa"
-	"golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa/ssautil"
-
-	llssa "github.com/goplus/llgo/ssa"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/cltest"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/ssa"
 )
 
-func TestFromTestdata(t *testing.T) {
-	testFromDir(t, "", "./_testdata")
-}
-
-func init() {
-	SetDebug(DbgFlagAll)
-	llssa.Initialize(llssa.InitAll)
-	llssa.SetDebug(llssa.DbgFlagAll)
-}
-
-func testFromDir(t *testing.T, sel, relDir string) {
-	dir, err := os.Getwd()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal("Getwd failed:", err)
-	}
-	dir = path.Join(dir, relDir)
-	fis, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal("ReadDir failed:", err)
-	}
-	for _, fi := range fis {
-		name := fi.Name()
-		if !fi.IsDir() || strings.HasPrefix(name, "_") {
-			continue
-		}
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			testFrom(t, dir+"/"+name, sel)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func testFrom(t *testing.T, pkgDir, sel string) {
-	if sel != "" && !strings.Contains(pkgDir, sel) {
-		return
-	}
-	log.Println("Parsing", pkgDir)
-	in := pkgDir + "/in.go"
-	out := pkgDir + "/out.ll"
-	expected, err := os.ReadFile(out)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal("ReadFile failed:", err)
-	}
-	testCompileEx(t, nil, in, string(expected))
-}
-
-func testCompileEx(t *testing.T, src any, fname, expected string) {
-	t.Helper()
-	fset := token.NewFileSet()
-	f, err := parser.ParseFile(fset, fname, src, parser.ParseComments)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal("ParseFile failed:", err)
-	}
-	files := []*ast.File{f}
-	name := f.Name.Name
-	pkg := types.NewPackage(name, name)
-	imp := packages.NewImporter(fset)
-	foo, _, err := ssautil.BuildPackage(
-		&types.Config{Importer: imp}, fset, pkg, files, ssa.SanityCheckFunctions)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal("BuildPackage failed:", err)
-	}
-	foo.WriteTo(os.Stderr)
-	prog := llssa.NewProgram(nil)
-	ret, err := NewPackage(prog, foo, files)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal("cl.NewPackage failed:", err)
-	}
-	if v := ret.String(); v != expected {
-		t.Fatalf("\n==> got:\n%s\n==> expected:\n%s\n", v, expected)
-	}
-}
-
 func testCompile(t *testing.T, src, expected string) {
 	t.Helper()
-	testCompileEx(t, src, "foo.go", expected)
+	cltest.TestCompileEx(t, src, "foo.go", expected)
+}
+
+func TestFromTestlibc(t *testing.T) {
+	cltest.FromDir(t, "", "./_testlibc", false)
+}
+
+func TestFromTestrt(t *testing.T) {
+	cltest.FromDir(t, "", "./_testrt", true)
+}
+
+func TestFromTestdata(t *testing.T) {
+	cltest.FromDir(t, "", "./_testdata", false)
+}
+
+func TestSqlite(t *testing.T) {
+	cltest.Pkg(t, "github.com/goplus/llgo/x/sqlite", "../x/sqlite/sqlite.ll")
+}
+
+func TestRuntime(t *testing.T) {
+	cltest.Pkg(t, ssa.PkgRuntime, "../internal/runtime/llgo_autogen.ll")
 }
 
 func TestVar(t *testing.T) {
@@ -118,8 +55,8 @@ var a int
 `, `; ModuleID = 'foo'
 source_filename = "foo"
 
-@"foo.init$guard" = global ptr null
 @foo.a = global ptr null
+@"foo.init$guard" = global ptr null
 
 define void @foo.init() {
 _llgo_0:
@@ -147,6 +84,11 @@ source_filename = "foo"
 
 @"foo.init$guard" = global ptr null
 
+define i64 @foo.fn(i64 %0, double %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  ret i64 1
+}
+
 define void @foo.init() {
 _llgo_0:
   %0 = load i1, ptr @"foo.init$guard", align 1
@@ -159,10 +101,5 @@ _llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
 _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
   ret void
 }
-
-define i64 @foo.fn(i64 %0, double %1) {
-_llgo_0:
-  ret i64 1
-}
 `)
 }