Update README.md

cl: fix compilePhis

.gitignore

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 *.so
 *.dylib
 
+.DS_Store
 err.log
 
 _go/

README.md

@@ -9,3 +9,41 @@ llgo - A Go compiler based on LLVM
 [![Language](https://img.shields.io/badge/language-Go+-blue.svg)](https://github.com/goplus/gop)
 
 This is a Go compiler based on LLVM in order to better integrate Go with the C ecosystem. It's a subproject of [the Go+ project](https://github.com/goplus/gop).
+
+## How to install
+
+Follow these steps to generate the `llgo` command (its usage is the same as the `go` command):
+
+### on macOS
+
+```sh
+brew update  # execute if needed
+brew install llvm@17
+go install -v ./...
+```
+
+### on Linux
+
+```sh
+echo 'deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-17 main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/llvm.list
+wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
+sudo apt-get update  # execute if needed
+sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends llvm-17-dev
+go install -v ./...
+```
+
+## Demo
+
+The `_demo` directory contains our demos (it start with `_` to prevent the `go` command from compiling it):
+
+* [hello](_demo/hello/hello.go): call C printf to print `Hello world`
+* [concat](_demo/concat/concat.go): call C fprintf with stderr, and Go variadic function
+* [qsort](_demo/qsort/qsort.go): call C function with a callback (eg. qsort)
+* [genints](_demo/genints/genints.go): various forms of closure usage (including C function, recv.method and anonymous function)
+
+### How to run demos
+
+```sh
+cd <demo-directory>  # eg. cd _demo/genints
+llgo run .
+```

_demo/concat/concat.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+func concat(args ...string) (ret string) {
+	for _, v := range args {
+		ret += v
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func main() {
+	result := concat("Hello", " ", "World")
+	c.Fprintf(c.Stderr, c.Str("Hi, %s\n"), c.AllocaCStr(result))
+}
+
+/* Expected output (stderr):
+Hi, Hello World
+*/

_demo/genints/gen_ints.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+type generator struct {
+	val c.Int
+}
+
+func (g *generator) next() c.Int {
+	g.val++
+	return g.val
+}
+
+func genInts(n int, gen func() c.Int) []c.Int {
+	a := make([]c.Int, n)
+	for i := range a {
+		a[i] = gen()
+	}
+	return a
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// generate 5 random integers
+	for _, v := range genInts(5, c.Rand) {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), v)
+	}
+
+	// generate 5 integers, each is double of the previous one
+	initVal := c.Int(1)
+	ints := genInts(5, func() c.Int {
+		initVal *= 2
+		return initVal
+	})
+	for _, v := range ints {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), v)
+	}
+
+	// generate 5 integers, each is incremented by 1
+	g := &generator{val: 1}
+	for _, v := range genInts(5, g.next) {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), v)
+	}
+}
+
+/* Posible output:
+16807
+282475249
+1622650073
+984943658
+1144108930
+2
+4
+8
+16
+32
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+*/

_demo/hello/hello.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Hello world\n"))
+}
+
+/* Expected output:
+Hello World
+*/

_demo/qsort/qsort.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	a := [...]int{100, 8, 23, 2, 7}
+	c.Qsort(c.Pointer(&a), 5, unsafe.Sizeof(0), func(a, b c.Pointer) c.Int {
+		return c.Int(*(*int)(a) - *(*int)(b))
+	})
+	for _, v := range a {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), v)
+	}
+}
+
+/* Expected output:
+2
+7
+8
+23
+100
+*/

c/c.go

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package c
+
+import "C"
+import "unsafe"
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "decl"
+)
+
+type (
+	Char    = int8
+	Int     = C.int
+	Pointer = unsafe.Pointer
+	FilePtr = unsafe.Pointer
+)
+
+//go:linkname Stdin __stdinp
+var Stdin FilePtr
+
+//go:linkname Stdout __stdoutp
+var Stdout FilePtr
+
+//go:linkname Stderr __stderrp
+var Stderr FilePtr
+
+//go:linkname Str llgo.cstr
+func Str(string) *Char
+
+//go:linkname Advance llgo.advance
+func Advance(ptr Pointer, offset int) Pointer
+
+//go:linkname Alloca llgo.alloca
+func Alloca(size uintptr) Pointer
+
+//go:linkname AllocaCStr llgo.allocaCStr
+func AllocaCStr(s string) *Char
+
+//go:linkname Unreachable llgo.unreachable
+func Unreachable()
+
+//go:linkname Rand C.rand
+func Rand() Int
+
+//go:linkname Malloc C.malloc
+func Malloc(size uintptr) Pointer
+
+//go:linkname Memcpy C.memcpy
+func Memcpy(dst, src Pointer, n uintptr) Pointer
+
+//go:linkname Memset C.memset
+func Memset(s Pointer, c Int, n uintptr) Pointer
+
+//go:linkname Printf C.printf
+func Printf(format *Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) Int
+
+//go:linkname Fprintf C.fprintf
+func Fprintf(fp FilePtr, format *Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) Int
+
+//go:linkname Qsort C.qsort
+func Qsort(base Pointer, count, elem uintptr, compar func(a, b Pointer) Int)

chore/clangast/clangast.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/clang/parser"
+)
+
+var (
+	dump = flag.Bool("dump", false, "dump AST")
+)
+
+func usage() {
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Usage: clangast [-dump] source.i\n")
+	flag.PrintDefaults()
+}
+
+func main() {
+	flag.Usage = usage
+	flag.Parse()
+	if flag.NArg() < 1 {
+		usage()
+		return
+	}
+	var file = flag.Arg(0)
+	var err error
+	if *dump {
+		doc, _, e := parser.DumpAST(file, nil)
+		if e == nil {
+			os.Stdout.Write(doc)
+			return
+		}
+		err = e
+	} else {
+		doc, _, e := parser.ParseFile(file, 0)
+		if e == nil {
+			enc := json.NewEncoder(os.Stdout)
+			enc.SetIndent("", "  ")
+			check(enc.Encode(doc))
+			return
+		}
+		err = e
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+	os.Exit(1)
+}
+
+func check(err error) {
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}

chore/clangpp/clangpp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/clang/preprocessor"
+)
+
+func usage() {
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Usage: clangpp source.c\n")
+}
+
+func main() {
+	if len(os.Args) < 2 {
+		usage()
+		return
+	}
+	infile := os.Args[1]
+	outfile := infile + ".i"
+	if err := preprocessor.Do(infile, outfile, nil); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}

chore/gentests/gentests.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/llgen"
+	"github.com/goplus/mod"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	dir, _, err := mod.FindGoMod(".")
+	check(err)
+
+	llgen.Verbose = false
+
+	llgenDir(dir + "/cl/_testrt")
+	llgenDir(dir+"/cl/_testdata", "")
+}
+
+func llgenDir(dir string, pkgPath ...string) {
+	fis, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	check(err)
+	for _, fi := range fis {
+		name := fi.Name()
+		if !fi.IsDir() || strings.HasPrefix(name, "_") {
+			continue
+		}
+		testDir := dir + "/" + name
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "llgen", testDir)
+		os.Chdir(testDir)
+		llgen.SmartDoFile("in.go", pkgPath...)
+	}
+}
+
+func check(err error) {
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}

chore/llgen/llgen.go

@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ package main
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/llgen"
 )
@@ -31,24 +29,6 @@ func main() {
 		return
 	}
 
-	inFile := os.Args[1]
-
-	dir, _ := filepath.Split(inFile)
-	fname := "llgo_autogen.ll"
-	if inCompilerDir(dir) {
-		fname = "out.ll"
-	}
-	outFile := dir + fname
-
 	llgen.Init()
-	if len(os.Args) >= 3 {
+	llgen.SmartDoFile(os.Args[1], os.Args[2:]...)
-		llgen.Do(os.Args[2], inFile, outFile)
-	} else {
-		llgen.DoFile(inFile, outFile)
-	}
-}
-
-func inCompilerDir(dir string) bool {
-	dir, _ = filepath.Abs(dir)
-	return strings.Contains(filepath.ToSlash(dir), "/llgo/cl/")
 }

cl/_testcgo/any/in.go

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import _ "unsafe"
-
-func incVal(a any) int {
-	return a.(int) + 1
-}
-
-//go:linkname printf C.printf
-func printf(format *int8, __llgo_va_list ...any)
-
-var format = [...]int8{'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', '%', 'd', '\n', 0}
-
-func main() {
-	printf(&format[0], incVal(100))
-}

cl/_testdata/fncall/out.ll

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
 
 define void @main() {
 _llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
   %0 = call i64 @main.max(i64 1, i64 2)
   ret void
@@ -34,3 +35,5 @@ _llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
 _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
   ret i64 %1
 }
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()

cl/_testdata/importpkg/out.ll

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
 
 define void @main() {
 _llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
   %0 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/stdio.Max"(i64 2, i64 100)
   call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.hello)
@@ -35,6 +36,8 @@ _llgo_0:
 
 declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/stdio.init"()
 
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
 declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/stdio.Max"(i64, i64)
 
 declare void @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testdata/method/out.ll

@@ -42,10 +42,13 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
 
 define void @main() {
 _llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
   %0 = call i64 @"(main.T).Add"(i64 1, i64 2)
   call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.format, i64 %0)
   ret void
 }
 
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
 declare void @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testdata/print/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func gwrite(b []byte) {
+	if len(b) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, v := range b {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%c"), v)
+	}
+}
+
+// func printfloat(v float64) {
+// 	switch {
+// 	case v != v:
+// 		printstring("NaN")
+// 		return
+// 	case v+v == v && v > 0:
+// 		printstring("+Inf")
+// 		return
+// 	case v+v == v && v < 0:
+// 		printstring("-Inf")
+// 		return
+// 	}
+
+// 	const n = 7 // digits printed
+// 	var buf [n + 7]byte
+// 	buf[0] = '+'
+// 	e := 0 // exp
+// 	if v == 0 {
+// 		if 1/v < 0 {
+// 			buf[0] = '-'
+// 		}
+// 	} else {
+// 		if v < 0 {
+// 			v = -v
+// 			buf[0] = '-'
+// 		}
+
+// 		// normalize
+// 		for v >= 10 {
+// 			e++
+// 			v /= 10
+// 		}
+// 		for v < 1 {
+// 			e--
+// 			v *= 10
+// 		}
+
+// 		// round
+// 		h := 5.0
+// 		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+// 			h /= 10
+// 		}
+// 		v += h
+// 		if v >= 10 {
+// 			e++
+// 			v /= 10
+// 		}
+// 	}
+
+// 	// format +d.dddd+edd
+// 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+// 		s := int(v)
+// 		buf[i+2] = byte(s + '0')
+// 		v -= float64(s)
+// 		v *= 10
+// 	}
+// 	buf[1] = buf[2]
+// 	buf[2] = '.'
+
+// 	buf[n+2] = 'e'
+// 	buf[n+3] = '+'
+// 	if e < 0 {
+// 		e = -e
+// 		buf[n+3] = '-'
+// 	}
+
+// 	buf[n+4] = byte(e/100) + '0'
+// 	buf[n+5] = byte(e/10)%10 + '0'
+// 	buf[n+6] = byte(e%10) + '0'
+// 	gwrite(buf[:])
+// }
+
+func printuint(v uint64) {
+	var buf [100]byte
+	i := len(buf)
+	for i--; i > 0; i-- {
+		buf[i] = byte(v%10 + '0')
+		if v < 10 {
+			break
+		}
+		v /= 10
+	}
+	gwrite(buf[i:])
+}
+
+// func printint(v int64) {
+// 	if v < 0 {
+// 		printstring("-")
+// 		v = -v
+// 	}
+// 	printuint(uint64(v))
+// }
+
+var minhexdigits = 0
+
+func printhex(v uint64) {
+	const dig = "0123456789abcdef"
+	var buf [100]byte
+	i := len(buf)
+	for i--; i > 0; i-- {
+		buf[i] = dig[v%16]
+		if v < 16 && len(buf)-i >= minhexdigits {
+			break
+		}
+		v /= 16
+	}
+	i--
+	buf[i] = 'x'
+	i--
+	buf[i] = '0'
+	gwrite(buf[i:])
+}
+
+func printsp() {
+	printstring(" ")
+}
+
+func printnl() {
+	printstring("\n")
+}
+
+func printstring(s string) {
+	gwrite(bytes(s))
+}
+
+type slice struct {
+	array unsafe.Pointer
+	len   int
+	cap   int
+}
+
+type stringStruct struct {
+	str unsafe.Pointer
+	len int
+}
+
+func stringStructOf(sp *string) *stringStruct {
+	return (*stringStruct)(unsafe.Pointer(sp))
+}
+
+func bytes(s string) (ret []byte) {
+	rp := (*slice)(unsafe.Pointer(&ret))
+	sp := stringStructOf(&s)
+	rp.array = sp.str
+	rp.len = sp.len
+	rp.cap = sp.len
+	return
+}
+
+func main() {
+	printstring("llgo")
+	printnl()
+	printuint(1024)
+	printnl()
+	printhex(0x1234abcf)
+	printnl()
+}

cl/_testdata/print/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" = type { ptr, i64, i64 }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" = type { ptr, i64 }
+%main.stringStruct = type { ptr, i64 }
+%main.slice = type { ptr, i64, i64 }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@main.minhexdigits = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [3 x i8] c"%c\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [5 x i8] c"llgo\00", align 1
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [17 x i8] c"0123456789abcdef\00", align 1
+@3 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"\0A\00", align 1
+@4 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c" \00", align 1
+
+define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @main.bytes(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 16)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0, ptr %1, align 8
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 24)
+  %3 = call ptr @main.stringStructOf(ptr %1)
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds %main.stringStruct, ptr %3, i32 0, i32 0
+  %5 = load ptr, ptr %4, align 8
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %main.slice, ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %5, ptr %6, align 8
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %main.stringStruct, ptr %3, i32 0, i32 1
+  %8 = load i64, ptr %7, align 4
+  %9 = getelementptr inbounds %main.slice, ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
+  store i64 %8, ptr %9, align 4
+  %10 = getelementptr inbounds %main.stringStruct, ptr %3, i32 0, i32 1
+  %11 = load i64, ptr %10, align 4
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %main.slice, ptr %2, i32 0, i32 2
+  store i64 %11, ptr %12, align 4
+  %13 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %2, align 8
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %13
+}
+
+define void @main.gwrite(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0)
+  %2 = icmp eq i64 %1, 0
+  br i1 %2, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %3 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0)
+  br label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_4, %_llgo_2
+  %4 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_2 ], [ %5, %_llgo_4 ]
+  %5 = add i64 %4, 1
+  %6 = icmp slt i64 %5, %3
+  br i1 %6, label %_llgo_4, label %_llgo_5
+
+_llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
+  %7 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0)
+  %8 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %7, i64 %5
+  %9 = load i8, ptr %8, align 1
+  %10 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i8 %9)
+  br label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_5:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  store i64 0, ptr @main.minhexdigits, align 4
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %0 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @1, i64 4)
+  call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0)
+  call void @main.printnl()
+  call void @main.printuint(i64 1024)
+  call void @main.printnl()
+  call void @main.printhex(i64 305441743)
+  call void @main.printnl()
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.printhex(i64 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 100)
+  br label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
+  %2 = urem i64 %14, 16
+  %3 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @2, i64 16)
+  %4 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %3)
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %4, i64 %2
+  %6 = load i8, ptr %5, align 1
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %1, i64 %15
+  store i8 %6, ptr %7, align 1
+  %8 = icmp ult i64 %14, 16
+  br i1 %8, label %_llgo_5, label %_llgo_4
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_5, %_llgo_3
+  %9 = sub i64 %15, 1
+  %10 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %1, i64 %9
+  store i8 120, ptr %10, align 1
+  %11 = sub i64 %9, 1
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %1, i64 %11
+  store i8 48, ptr %12, align 1
+  %13 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %1, i64 1, i64 100, i64 %11, i64 100, i64 100)
+  call void @main.gwrite(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %13)
+  ret void
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_4, %_llgo_0
+  %14 = phi i64 [ %0, %_llgo_0 ], [ %17, %_llgo_4 ]
+  %15 = phi i64 [ 99, %_llgo_0 ], [ %18, %_llgo_4 ]
+  %16 = icmp sgt i64 %15, 0
+  br i1 %16, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_5, %_llgo_1
+  %17 = udiv i64 %14, 16
+  %18 = sub i64 %15, 1
+  br label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_5:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %19 = sub i64 100, %15
+  %20 = load i64, ptr @main.minhexdigits, align 4
+  %21 = icmp sge i64 %19, %20
+  br i1 %21, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_4
+}
+
+define void @main.printnl() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @3, i64 1)
+  call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.printsp() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @4, i64 1)
+  call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @main.bytes(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0)
+  call void @main.gwrite(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.printuint(i64 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 100)
+  br label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
+  %2 = urem i64 %8, 10
+  %3 = add i64 %2, 48
+  %4 = trunc i64 %3 to i8
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %1, i64 %9
+  store i8 %4, ptr %5, align 1
+  %6 = icmp ult i64 %8, 10
+  br i1 %6, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_4
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3, %_llgo_1
+  %7 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %1, i64 1, i64 100, i64 %9, i64 100, i64 100)
+  call void @main.gwrite(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  ret void
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_4, %_llgo_0
+  %8 = phi i64 [ %0, %_llgo_0 ], [ %11, %_llgo_4 ]
+  %9 = phi i64 [ 99, %_llgo_0 ], [ %12, %_llgo_4 ]
+  %10 = icmp sgt i64 %9, 0
+  br i1 %10, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %11 = udiv i64 %8, 10
+  %12 = sub i64 %9, 1
+  br label %_llgo_3
+}
+
+define ptr @main.stringStructOf(ptr %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  ret ptr %0
+}
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr, i64, i64, i64, i64, i64)

cl/_testdata/printf/out.ll

@@ -26,9 +26,12 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
 
 define void @main() {
 _llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
   call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.hello)
   ret void
 }
 
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
 declare void @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testdata/printval/out.ll

@@ -29,9 +29,12 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
 
 define void @main() {
 _llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
   call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.format, i64 100)
   ret void
 }
 
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
 declare void @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testdata/ptrmthd/out.ll

@@ -35,9 +35,12 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
 
 define void @main() {
 _llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
   call void @"(*main.T).Print"(ptr @main.format, i64 100)
   ret void
 }
 
 declare void @printf(ptr, ...)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()

cl/_testdata/untyped/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package main
+
+const c = 100
+
+var a float64 = 1
+
+func main() {
+	if c > 100 {
+		a = 0
+	}
+}

cl/_testdata/untyped/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@main.a = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  store double 1.000000e+00, ptr @main.a, align 8
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  br i1 false, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store double 0.000000e+00, ptr @main.a, align 8
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()

cl/_testdata/varinit/out.ll

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
 
 define void @main() {
 _llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
   %0 = load i64, ptr @main.a, align 4
   %1 = add i64 %0, 1
@@ -27,3 +28,5 @@ _llgo_0:
   %2 = load i64, ptr @main.a, align 4
   ret void
 }
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()

cl/_testrt/alloca/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	s := c.Str("Hi\n")
+	s2 := c.Alloca(4)
+	c.Memcpy(s2, c.Pointer(s), 4)
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%s"), s2)
+}

cl/_testrt/alloca/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"Hi\0A\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [3 x i8] c"%s\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %0 = alloca i8, i64 4, align 1
+  %1 = call ptr @memcpy(ptr %0, ptr @0, i64 4)
+  %2 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @1, ptr %0)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @memcpy(ptr, ptr, i64)
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/allocstr/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func hello() string {
+	return "Hello world\n"
+}
+
+func main() {
+	c.Printf(c.AllocaCStr(hello()))
+}

cl/_testrt/allocstr/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" = type { ptr, i64 }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [13 x i8] c"Hello world\0A\00", align 1
+
+define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @main.hello() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @0, i64 12)
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %0 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @main.hello()
+  %1 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0)
+  %2 = add i64 %1, 1
+  %3 = alloca i8, i64 %2, align 1
+  %4 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CStrCopy"(ptr %3, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0)
+  %5 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr %4)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CStrCopy"(ptr, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/any/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func incVal(a any) int {
+	return a.(int) + 1
+}
+
+func main() {
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Hello %d\n"), incVal(100))
+}

cl/_testrt/any/out.ll

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ source_filename = "main"
 
 %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" = type { ptr, ptr }
 
-@main.format = global ptr null
 @"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [10 x i8] c"Hello %d\0A\00", align 1
 
 define i64 @main.incVal(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0) {
 _llgo_0:
@@ -21,16 +21,6 @@ _llgo_0:
 
 _llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
   store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
-  store i8 72, ptr @main.format, align 1
-  store i8 101, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 1), align 1
-  store i8 108, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 2), align 1
-  store i8 108, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 3), align 1
-  store i8 111, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 4), align 1
-  store i8 32, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 5), align 1
-  store i8 37, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 6), align 1
-  store i8 100, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 7), align 1
-  store i8 10, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 8), align 1
-  store i8 0, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 9), align 1
   br label %_llgo_2
 
 _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
@@ -39,17 +29,21 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
 
 define void @main() {
 _llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
-  %0 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(i64 100)
+  %0 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 2)
-  %1 = call i64 @main.incVal(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0)
+  %1 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %0, i64 100)
-  call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.format, i64 %1)
+  %2 = call i64 @main.incVal(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %1)
+  %3 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %2)
   ret void
 }
 
-declare void @printf(ptr, ...)
-
 declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.I2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr)
 
 declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64)
 
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
 declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/builtin/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+var a int64 = 1<<63 - 1
+var b int64 = -1 << 63
+var n uint64 = 1<<64 - 1
+
+func main() {
+	var s = []int{1, 2, 3, 4}
+	var a = [...]int{1, 2, 3, 4}
+
+	out(len(s))
+	out(len([]int{1, 2, 3, 4}))
+	out(len(a))
+	out(len(&a))
+	out(len([4]int{1, 2, 3, 4}))
+
+	out(cap(s))
+	out(cap(a))
+	out(cap(&a))
+
+	out(len(s[1:]))
+	out(cap(s[1:]))
+	out(len(s[1:2]))
+	out(cap(s[1:2]))
+	out(len(s[1:2:2]))
+	out(cap(s[1:2:2]))
+
+	out(len(a[1:]))
+	out(cap(a[1:]))
+	out(len(a[1:2]))
+	out(cap(a[1:2]))
+	out(len(a[1:2:2]))
+	out(cap(a[1:2:2]))
+
+	string_len("hello")
+	string_len("hello"[1:])
+	string_len("hello"[1:2])
+	string_len("hello"[5:])
+}
+
+func string_len(s string) {
+	out(len(s))
+}
+
+func out(n int) {
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), n)
+}

cl/_testrt/builtin/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" = type { ptr, i64, i64 }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" = type { ptr, i64 }
+
+@main.a = global ptr null
+@main.b = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@main.n = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"hello\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"hello\00", align 1
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"hello\00", align 1
+@3 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"hello\00", align 1
+@4 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  store i64 9223372036854775807, ptr @main.a, align 4
+  store i64 -9223372036854775808, ptr @main.b, align 4
+  store i64 -1, ptr @main.n, align 4
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %0 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 32)
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %0, i64 0
+  store i64 1, ptr %1, align 4
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %0, i64 1
+  store i64 2, ptr %2, align 4
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %0, i64 2
+  store i64 3, ptr %3, align 4
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %0, i64 3
+  store i64 4, ptr %4, align 4
+  %5 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %0, i64 8, i64 4, i64 0, i64 4, i64 4)
+  %6 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 32)
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %6, i64 0
+  %8 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %6, i64 1
+  %9 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %6, i64 2
+  %10 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %6, i64 3
+  store i64 1, ptr %7, align 4
+  store i64 2, ptr %8, align 4
+  store i64 3, ptr %9, align 4
+  store i64 4, ptr %10, align 4
+  %11 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %11)
+  %12 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 32)
+  %13 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %12, i64 0
+  store i64 1, ptr %13, align 4
+  %14 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %12, i64 1
+  store i64 2, ptr %14, align 4
+  %15 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %12, i64 2
+  store i64 3, ptr %15, align 4
+  %16 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %12, i64 3
+  store i64 4, ptr %16, align 4
+  %17 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %12, i64 8, i64 4, i64 0, i64 4, i64 4)
+  %18 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %17)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %18)
+  call void @main.out(i64 4)
+  call void @main.out(i64 4)
+  call void @main.out(i64 4)
+  %19 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %19)
+  call void @main.out(i64 4)
+  call void @main.out(i64 4)
+  %20 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5)
+  %21 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5)
+  %22 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5)
+  %23 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %22, i64 8, i64 %20, i64 1, i64 %21, i64 %20)
+  %24 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %23)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %24)
+  %25 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5)
+  %26 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5)
+  %27 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5)
+  %28 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %27, i64 8, i64 %25, i64 1, i64 %26, i64 %25)
+  %29 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %28)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %29)
+  %30 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5)
+  %31 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5)
+  %32 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %31, i64 8, i64 %30, i64 1, i64 2, i64 %30)
+  %33 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %32)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %33)
+  %34 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5)
+  %35 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5)
+  %36 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %35, i64 8, i64 %34, i64 1, i64 2, i64 %34)
+  %37 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %36)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %37)
+  %38 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5)
+  %39 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5)
+  %40 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %39, i64 8, i64 %38, i64 1, i64 2, i64 2)
+  %41 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %40)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %41)
+  %42 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5)
+  %43 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5)
+  %44 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %43, i64 8, i64 %42, i64 1, i64 2, i64 2)
+  %45 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %44)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %45)
+  %46 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %6, i64 8, i64 4, i64 1, i64 4, i64 4)
+  %47 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %46)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %47)
+  %48 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %6, i64 8, i64 4, i64 1, i64 4, i64 4)
+  %49 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %48)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %49)
+  %50 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %6, i64 8, i64 4, i64 1, i64 2, i64 4)
+  %51 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %50)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %51)
+  %52 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %6, i64 8, i64 4, i64 1, i64 2, i64 4)
+  %53 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %52)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %53)
+  %54 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %6, i64 8, i64 4, i64 1, i64 2, i64 2)
+  %55 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %54)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %55)
+  %56 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %6, i64 8, i64 4, i64 1, i64 2, i64 2)
+  %57 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %56)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %57)
+  %58 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @0, i64 5)
+  call void @main.string_len(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %58)
+  %59 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @1, i64 5)
+  %60 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %59)
+  %61 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewStringSlice"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %59, i64 1, i64 %60)
+  call void @main.string_len(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %61)
+  %62 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @2, i64 5)
+  %63 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewStringSlice"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %62, i64 1, i64 2)
+  call void @main.string_len(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %63)
+  %64 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @3, i64 5)
+  %65 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %64)
+  %66 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewStringSlice"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %64, i64 5, i64 %65)
+  call void @main.string_len(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %66)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.out(i64 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @4, i64 %0)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.string_len(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0)
+  call void @main.out(i64 %1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr, i64, i64, i64, i64, i64)
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewStringSlice"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", i64, i64)
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/callback/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func callback(msg *c.Char, f func(*c.Char)) {
+	f(msg)
+}
+
+func print(msg *c.Char) {
+	c.Printf(msg)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	callback(c.Str("Hello\n"), print)
+	callback(c.Str("callback\n"), print)
+}

cl/_testrt/callback/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"Hello\0A\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [10 x i8] c"callback\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.callback(ptr %0, { ptr, ptr } %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %1, 1
+  %3 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %1, 0
+  call void %3(ptr %2, ptr %0)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %0 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @__llgo_stub.main.print, ptr %1, align 8
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr null, ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, align 8
+  call void @main.callback(ptr @0, { ptr, ptr } %3)
+  %4 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %4, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @__llgo_stub.main.print, ptr %5, align 8
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %4, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr null, ptr %6, align 8
+  %7 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %4, align 8
+  call void @main.callback(ptr @1, { ptr, ptr } %7)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.print(ptr %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr %0)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+define linkonce void @__llgo_stub.main.print(ptr %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  tail call void @main.print(ptr %1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/closure/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	func(n1, n2 int) {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d %d\n"), n1, n2)
+	}(100, 200)
+	fn1 := func(n1, n2 int) {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d %d\n"), n1, n2)
+	}
+	fn2 := func() {
+		fn1(100, 200)
+	}
+	fn2()
+}

cl/_testrt/closure/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"%d %d\0A\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"%d %d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  call void @"main.main$1"(i64 100, i64 200)
+  %0 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 16)
+  %1 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %1, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @"__llgo_stub.main.main$2", ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %1, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr null, ptr %3, align 8
+  %4 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %1, align 8
+  store { ptr, ptr } %4, ptr %0, align 8
+  %5 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocU"(i64 8)
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr }, ptr %5, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %0, ptr %6, align 8
+  %7 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %8 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %7, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @"main.main$3", ptr %8, align 8
+  %9 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %7, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr %5, ptr %9, align 8
+  %10 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %7, align 8
+  %11 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %10, 1
+  %12 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %10, 0
+  call void %12(ptr %11)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+define void @"main.main$1"(i64 %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %0, i64 %1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+define void @"main.main$2"(i64 %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @1, i64 %0, i64 %1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define linkonce void @"__llgo_stub.main.main$2"(ptr %0, i64 %1, i64 %2) {
+_llgo_0:
+  tail call void @"main.main$2"(i64 %1, i64 %2)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @"main.main$3"(ptr %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = load { ptr }, ptr %0, align 8
+  %2 = extractvalue { ptr } %1, 0
+  %3 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %2, align 8
+  %4 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %3, 1
+  %5 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %3, 0
+  call void %5(ptr %4, i64 100, i64 200)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocU"(i64)
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/concat/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func concat(args ...string) (ret string) {
+	for _, v := range args {
+		ret += v
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func main() {
+	result := concat("Hello", " ", "World")
+	c.Fprintf(c.Stderr, c.Str("Hi, %s\n"), c.AllocaCStr(result))
+}

cl/_testrt/concat/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" = type { ptr, i64 }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" = type { ptr, i64, i64 }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [1 x i8] zeroinitializer, align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"Hello\00", align 1
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c" \00", align 1
+@3 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"World\00", align 1
+@__stderrp = external global ptr
+@4 = private unnamed_addr constant [8 x i8] c"Hi, %s\0A\00", align 1
+
+define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @main.concat(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0)
+  %2 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @0, i64 0)
+  %3 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2, 0
+  %4 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2, 1
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2, %_llgo_0
+  %5 = phi ptr [ %3, %_llgo_0 ], [ %18, %_llgo_2 ]
+  %6 = phi i64 [ %4, %_llgo_0 ], [ %19, %_llgo_2 ]
+  %7 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_0 ], [ %12, %_llgo_2 ]
+  %8 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
+  %9 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %8, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %5, ptr %9, align 8
+  %10 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %8, i32 0, i32 1
+  store i64 %6, ptr %10, align 4
+  %11 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %8, align 8
+  %12 = add i64 %7, 1
+  %13 = icmp slt i64 %12, %1
+  br i1 %13, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %14 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0)
+  %15 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %14, i64 %12
+  %16 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %15, align 8
+  %17 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringCat"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %11, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %16)
+  %18 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %17, 0
+  %19 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %17, 1
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %11
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %0 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 48)
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %0, i64 0
+  %2 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @1, i64 5)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2, ptr %1, align 8
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %0, i64 1
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @2, i64 1)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %4, ptr %3, align 8
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %0, i64 2
+  %6 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @3, i64 5)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %6, ptr %5, align 8
+  %7 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %0, i64 16, i64 3, i64 0, i64 3, i64 3)
+  %8 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @main.concat(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %7)
+  %9 = load ptr, ptr @__stderrp, align 8
+  %10 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %8)
+  %11 = add i64 %10, 1
+  %12 = alloca i8, i64 %11, align 1
+  %13 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CStrCopy"(ptr %12, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %8)
+  %14 = call i32 (ptr, ptr, ...) @fprintf(ptr %9, ptr @4, ptr %13)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringCat"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr, i64, i64, i64, i64, i64)
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CStrCopy"(ptr, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+
+declare i32 @fprintf(ptr, ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/cstr/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package main
+
+import _ "unsafe"
+
+//go:linkname cstr llgo.cstr
+func cstr(string) *int8
+
+//go:linkname printf C.printf
+func printf(format *int8, __llgo_va_list ...any)
+
+func main() {
+	printf(cstr("Hello, world\n"))
+}

cl/_testrt/cstr/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [14 x i8] c"Hello, world\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare void @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/cvar/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package main
+
+import _ "unsafe"
+
+//go:linkname barX _bar_x
+var barX struct {
+	Arr       [16]int8
+	Callbacks [2]func()
+}
+
+//go:linkname barY _bar_y
+var barY struct {
+	Arr [16]int8
+}
+
+func main() {
+	_ = barX
+	_ = barY
+}

cl/_testrt/cvar/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@_bar_x = external global ptr
+@_bar_y = external global ptr
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %0 = load { [16 x i8], [2 x ptr] }, ptr @_bar_x, align 8
+  %1 = load { [16 x i8] }, ptr @_bar_y, align 1
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()

cl/_testrt/fprintf/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package main
+
+import "unsafe"
+
+//go:linkname cstr llgo.cstr
+func cstr(string) *int8
+
+//go:linkname stderr __stderrp
+var stderr unsafe.Pointer
+
+//go:linkname fprintf C.fprintf
+func fprintf(fp unsafe.Pointer, format *int8, __llgo_va_list ...any)
+
+func main() {
+	fprintf(stderr, cstr("Hello %d\n"), 100)
+}

cl/_testrt/fprintf/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__stderrp = external global ptr
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [10 x i8] c"Hello %d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %0 = load ptr, ptr @__stderrp, align 8
+  call void (ptr, ptr, ...) @fprintf(ptr %0, ptr @0, i64 100)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare void @fprintf(ptr, ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/gblarray/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func Basic(kind abi.Kind) *abi.Type {
+	return basicTypes[kind]
+}
+
+var (
+	basicTypes = [...]*abi.Type{
+		abi.String: basicType(abi.String),
+	}
+	sizeBasicTypes = [...]uintptr{
+		abi.String: 16,
+	}
+)
+
+func basicType(kind abi.Kind) *abi.Type {
+	return &abi.Type{
+		Size_: sizeBasicTypes[kind],
+		Hash:  uint32(kind),
+		Kind_: uint8(kind),
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	t := Basic(abi.String)
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Kind: %d, Size: %d\n"), int(t.Kind_), t.Size_)
+}

cl/_testrt/gblarray/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type" = type { i64, i64, i32, i8, i8, i8, i8, { ptr, ptr }, ptr, i32, i32 }
+
+@main.basicTypes = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@main.sizeBasicTypes = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [20 x i8] c"Kind: %d, Size: %d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define ptr @main.Basic(i64 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds ptr, ptr @main.basicTypes, i64 %0
+  %2 = load ptr, ptr %1, align 8
+  ret ptr %2
+}
+
+define ptr @main.basicType(i64 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 56)
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %1, i32 0, i32 0
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr @main.sizeBasicTypes, i64 %0
+  %4 = load i64, ptr %3, align 4
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %1, i32 0, i32 2
+  %6 = trunc i64 %0 to i32
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %1, i32 0, i32 6
+  %8 = trunc i64 %0 to i8
+  store i64 %4, ptr %2, align 4
+  store i32 %6, ptr %5, align 4
+  store i8 %8, ptr %7, align 1
+  ret ptr %1
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.init"()
+  store i64 16, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i64, ptr @main.sizeBasicTypes, i64 24), align 4
+  %1 = call ptr @main.basicType(i64 24)
+  store ptr %1, ptr getelementptr inbounds (ptr, ptr @main.basicTypes, i64 24), align 8
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %0 = call ptr @main.Basic(i64 24)
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %0, i32 0, i32 6
+  %2 = load i8, ptr %1, align 1
+  %3 = sext i8 %2 to i64
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  %5 = load i64, ptr %4, align 4
+  %6 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %3, i64 %5)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.init"()
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/gotypes/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package main
+
+type base interface {
+	f(m map[string]func())
+}
+
+type bar interface {
+	base
+	g(c chan func())
+}
+
+func foo(bar) {
+}
+
+func main() {
+	foo(nil)
+}

cl/_testrt/gotypes/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" = type { ptr, ptr }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+
+define void @main.foo(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  call void @main.foo(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" zeroinitializer)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()

cl/_testrt/hello/out.ll

@@ -29,12 +29,15 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
 
 define void @main() {
 _llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
   %0 = call i32 @strlen(ptr @main.format)
   call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.format, i32 %0)
   ret void
 }
 
-declare void @printf(ptr, ...)
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
 
 declare i32 @strlen(ptr)
+
+declare void @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/index/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package main
+
+import "github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+
+type point struct {
+	x int
+	y int
+}
+
+func main() {
+	a := [...]point{{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6}}[2]
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%d %d\n"), a.x, a.y)
+
+	b := [...][2]int{[2]int{1, 2}, [2]int{3, 4}}[1]
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%d %d\n"), b[0], b[1])
+
+	var i int = 2
+	n := [...]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}[i]
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), n)
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), [...]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}[i])
+
+	s := "123456"
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%c\n"), s[i])
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%c\n"), "123456"[1])
+}

cl/_testrt/index/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%main.point = type { i64, i64 }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" = type { ptr, i64 }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"%d %d\0A\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"%d %d\0A\00", align 1
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+@3 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+@4 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%c\0A\00", align 1
+@5 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"123456\00", align 1
+@6 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%c\0A\00", align 1
+@7 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"123456\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %0 = alloca %main.point, align 8
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %0, i64 16)
+  %2 = alloca [3 x %main.point], align 8
+  %3 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %2, i64 48)
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %3, i64 0
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %4, i32 0, i32 0
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %4, i32 0, i32 1
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %3, i64 1
+  %8 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %7, i32 0, i32 0
+  %9 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %7, i32 0, i32 1
+  %10 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %3, i64 2
+  %11 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %10, i32 0, i32 0
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %10, i32 0, i32 1
+  store i64 1, ptr %5, align 4
+  store i64 2, ptr %6, align 4
+  store i64 3, ptr %8, align 4
+  store i64 4, ptr %9, align 4
+  store i64 5, ptr %11, align 4
+  store i64 6, ptr %12, align 4
+  %13 = load [3 x %main.point], ptr %3, align 4
+  %14 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %3, i64 2
+  %15 = load %main.point, ptr %14, align 4
+  store %main.point %15, ptr %1, align 4
+  %16 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %1, i32 0, i32 0
+  %17 = load i64, ptr %16, align 4
+  %18 = getelementptr inbounds %main.point, ptr %1, i32 0, i32 1
+  %19 = load i64, ptr %18, align 4
+  %20 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %17, i64 %19)
+  %21 = alloca [2 x i64], align 8
+  %22 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %21, i64 16)
+  %23 = alloca [2 x [2 x i64]], align 8
+  %24 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %23, i64 32)
+  %25 = getelementptr inbounds [2 x i64], ptr %24, i64 0
+  %26 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %25, i64 0
+  %27 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %25, i64 1
+  %28 = getelementptr inbounds [2 x i64], ptr %24, i64 1
+  %29 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %28, i64 0
+  %30 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %28, i64 1
+  store i64 1, ptr %26, align 4
+  store i64 2, ptr %27, align 4
+  store i64 3, ptr %29, align 4
+  store i64 4, ptr %30, align 4
+  %31 = load [2 x [2 x i64]], ptr %24, align 4
+  %32 = getelementptr inbounds [2 x i64], ptr %24, i64 1
+  %33 = load [2 x i64], ptr %32, align 4
+  store [2 x i64] %33, ptr %22, align 4
+  %34 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %22, i64 0
+  %35 = load i64, ptr %34, align 4
+  %36 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %22, i64 1
+  %37 = load i64, ptr %36, align 4
+  %38 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @1, i64 %35, i64 %37)
+  %39 = alloca [5 x i64], align 8
+  %40 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %39, i64 40)
+  %41 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %40, i64 0
+  %42 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %40, i64 1
+  %43 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %40, i64 2
+  %44 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %40, i64 3
+  %45 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %40, i64 4
+  store i64 1, ptr %41, align 4
+  store i64 2, ptr %42, align 4
+  store i64 3, ptr %43, align 4
+  store i64 4, ptr %44, align 4
+  store i64 5, ptr %45, align 4
+  %46 = load [5 x i64], ptr %40, align 4
+  %47 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %40, i64 2
+  %48 = load i64, ptr %47, align 4
+  %49 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @2, i64 %48)
+  %50 = alloca [5 x i64], align 8
+  %51 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %50, i64 40)
+  %52 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %51, i64 0
+  %53 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %51, i64 1
+  %54 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %51, i64 2
+  %55 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %51, i64 3
+  %56 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %51, i64 4
+  store i64 1, ptr %52, align 4
+  store i64 2, ptr %53, align 4
+  store i64 3, ptr %54, align 4
+  store i64 4, ptr %55, align 4
+  store i64 5, ptr %56, align 4
+  %57 = load [5 x i64], ptr %51, align 4
+  %58 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %51, i64 2
+  %59 = load i64, ptr %58, align 4
+  %60 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @3, i64 %59)
+  %61 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @5, i64 6)
+  %62 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %61)
+  %63 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %62, i64 2
+  %64 = load i8, ptr %63, align 1
+  %65 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @4, i8 %64)
+  %66 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @7, i64 6)
+  %67 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %66)
+  %68 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %67, i64 1
+  %69 = load i8, ptr %68, align 1
+  %70 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @6, i8 %69)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")

cl/_testrt/intgen/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+type generator struct {
+	val c.Int
+}
+
+func (g *generator) next() c.Int {
+	g.val++
+	return g.val
+}
+
+func genInts(n int, gen func() c.Int) []c.Int {
+	a := make([]c.Int, n)
+	for i := range a {
+		a[i] = gen()
+	}
+	return a
+}
+
+func main() {
+	for _, v := range genInts(5, c.Rand) {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), v)
+	}
+
+	initVal := c.Int(1)
+	ints := genInts(5, func() c.Int {
+		initVal *= 2
+		return initVal
+	})
+	for _, v := range ints {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), v)
+	}
+
+	g := &generator{val: 1}
+	for _, v := range genInts(5, g.next) {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), v)
+	}
+}

cl/_testrt/intgen/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" = type { ptr, i64, i64 }
+%main.generator = type { i32 }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @main.genInts(i64 %0, { ptr, ptr } %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = mul i64 %0, 4
+  %3 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 %2)
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice"(ptr %3, i64 %0, i64 %0)
+  %5 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %4)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2, %_llgo_0
+  %6 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_0 ], [ %7, %_llgo_2 ]
+  %7 = add i64 %6, 1
+  %8 = icmp slt i64 %7, %5
+  br i1 %8, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %9 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %1, 1
+  %10 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %1, 0
+  %11 = call i32 %10(ptr %9)
+  %12 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %4)
+  %13 = getelementptr inbounds i32, ptr %12, i64 %7
+  store i32 %11, ptr %13, align 4
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %4
+}
+
+define i32 @"(*main.generator).next"(ptr %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds %main.generator, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  %2 = load i32, ptr %1, align 4
+  %3 = add i32 %2, 1
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds %main.generator, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  store i32 %3, ptr %4, align 4
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %main.generator, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  %6 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4
+  ret i32 %6
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %0 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @__llgo_stub.rand, ptr %1, align 8
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr null, ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, align 8
+  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @main.genInts(i64 5, { ptr, ptr } %3)
+  %5 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %4)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2, %_llgo_0
+  %6 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_0 ], [ %7, %_llgo_2 ]
+  %7 = add i64 %6, 1
+  %8 = icmp slt i64 %7, %5
+  br i1 %8, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %9 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %4)
+  %10 = getelementptr inbounds i32, ptr %9, i64 %7
+  %11 = load i32, ptr %10, align 4
+  %12 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i32 %11)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %13 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 4)
+  store i32 1, ptr %13, align 4
+  %14 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocU"(i64 8)
+  %15 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr }, ptr %14, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %13, ptr %15, align 8
+  %16 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %17 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %16, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @"main.main$1", ptr %17, align 8
+  %18 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %16, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr %14, ptr %18, align 8
+  %19 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %16, align 8
+  %20 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @main.genInts(i64 5, { ptr, ptr } %19)
+  %21 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %20)
+  br label %_llgo_4
+
+_llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_5, %_llgo_3
+  %22 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_3 ], [ %23, %_llgo_5 ]
+  %23 = add i64 %22, 1
+  %24 = icmp slt i64 %23, %21
+  br i1 %24, label %_llgo_5, label %_llgo_6
+
+_llgo_5:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_4
+  %25 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %20)
+  %26 = getelementptr inbounds i32, ptr %25, i64 %23
+  %27 = load i32, ptr %26, align 4
+  %28 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @1, i32 %27)
+  br label %_llgo_4
+
+_llgo_6:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_4
+  %29 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 4)
+  %30 = getelementptr inbounds %main.generator, ptr %29, i32 0, i32 0
+  store i32 1, ptr %30, align 4
+  %31 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocU"(i64 8)
+  %32 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr }, ptr %31, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %29, ptr %32, align 8
+  %33 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %34 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %33, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @"main.next$bound", ptr %34, align 8
+  %35 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %33, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr %31, ptr %35, align 8
+  %36 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %33, align 8
+  %37 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @main.genInts(i64 5, { ptr, ptr } %36)
+  %38 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %37)
+  br label %_llgo_7
+
+_llgo_7:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_8, %_llgo_6
+  %39 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_6 ], [ %40, %_llgo_8 ]
+  %40 = add i64 %39, 1
+  %41 = icmp slt i64 %40, %38
+  br i1 %41, label %_llgo_8, label %_llgo_9
+
+_llgo_8:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_7
+  %42 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %37)
+  %43 = getelementptr inbounds i32, ptr %42, i64 %40
+  %44 = load i32, ptr %43, align 4
+  %45 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @2, i32 %44)
+  br label %_llgo_7
+
+_llgo_9:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_7
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice"(ptr, i64, i64)
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare i32 @rand()
+
+define linkonce i32 @__llgo_stub.rand(ptr %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = tail call i32 @rand()
+  ret i32 %1
+}
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)
+
+define i32 @"main.main$1"(ptr %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = load { ptr }, ptr %0, align 8
+  %2 = extractvalue { ptr } %1, 0
+  %3 = load i32, ptr %2, align 4
+  %4 = mul i32 %3, 2
+  %5 = extractvalue { ptr } %1, 0
+  store i32 %4, ptr %5, align 4
+  %6 = extractvalue { ptr } %1, 0
+  %7 = load i32, ptr %6, align 4
+  ret i32 %7
+}
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocU"(i64)
+
+define i32 @"main.next$bound"(ptr %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = load { ptr }, ptr %0, align 8
+  %2 = extractvalue { ptr } %1, 0
+  %3 = call i32 @"(*main.generator).next"(ptr %2)
+  ret i32 %3
+}

cl/_testrt/linkname/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+//go:linkname print github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/linktarget.F
+func print(a, b, c, d *c.Char)
+
+func main() {
+	print(c.Str("a"), c.Str("b"), c.Str("c"), c.Str("d"))
+	print(c.Str("1"), c.Str("2"), c.Str("3"), c.Str("4"))
+}

cl/_testrt/linkname/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"a\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"b\00", align 1
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"c\00", align 1
+@3 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"d\00", align 1
+@4 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"1\00", align 1
+@5 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"2\00", align 1
+@6 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"3\00", align 1
+@7 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"4\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/linktarget.F"(ptr @0, ptr @1, ptr @2, ptr @3)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/linktarget.F"(ptr @4, ptr @5, ptr @6, ptr @7)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/linktarget.F"(ptr, ptr, ptr, ptr)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()

cl/_testrt/map/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	a := map[int]int{23: 100, 7: 29}
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Hello %d\n"), a[23])
+}

cl/_testrt/map/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [10 x i8] c"Hello %d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %0 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeSmallMap"()
+  %1 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, <null operand!>)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeSmallMap"()
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/panic/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package main
+
+func main() {
+	panic("panic message")
+}

cl/_testrt/panic/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" = type { ptr, i64 }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" = type { ptr, ptr }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [14 x i8] c"panic message\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %0 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @0, i64 13)
+  %1 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %1)
+  unreachable
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr, i64)
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface")

cl/_testrt/qsort/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+//go:linkname qsort C.qsort
+func qsort(base c.Pointer, count, elem uintptr, compar func(a, b c.Pointer) c.Int)
+
+func main() {
+	a := [...]int{100, 8, 23, 2, 7}
+	qsort(c.Pointer(&a[0]), 5, unsafe.Sizeof(0), func(a, b c.Pointer) c.Int {
+		return c.Int(*(*int)(a) - *(*int)(b))
+	})
+	for _, v := range a {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), v)
+	}
+}

cl/_testrt/qsort/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %0 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 40)
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %0, i64 0
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %0, i64 1
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %0, i64 2
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %0, i64 3
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %0, i64 4
+  store i64 100, ptr %1, align 4
+  store i64 8, ptr %2, align 4
+  store i64 23, ptr %3, align 4
+  store i64 2, ptr %4, align 4
+  store i64 7, ptr %5, align 4
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %0, i64 0
+  call void @qsort(ptr %6, i64 5, i64 8, ptr @"main.main$1")
+  %7 = load [5 x i64], ptr %0, align 4
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2, %_llgo_0
+  %8 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_0 ], [ %9, %_llgo_2 ]
+  %9 = add i64 %8, 1
+  %10 = icmp slt i64 %9, 5
+  br i1 %10, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %11 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %0, i64 %9
+  %12 = load i64, ptr %11, align 4
+  %13 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %12)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+declare void @qsort(ptr, i64, i64, ptr)
+
+define i32 @"main.main$1"(ptr %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = load i64, ptr %0, align 4
+  %3 = load i64, ptr %1, align 4
+  %4 = sub i64 %2, %3
+  %5 = trunc i64 %4 to i32
+  ret i32 %5
+}
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/result/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	fn := func() func(int, int) int {
+		return func(x, y int) int {
+			return x + y
+		}
+	}()
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), fn(100, 200))
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), add()(100, 200))
+	fn, n := add2()
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%d %d\n"), add()(100, 200), n)
+}
+
+func add() func(int, int) int {
+	return func(x, y int) int {
+		return x + y
+	}
+}
+
+func add2() (func(int, int) int, int) {
+	return func(x, y int) int {
+		return x + y
+	}, 1
+}

cl/_testrt/result/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"%d %d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define { ptr, ptr } @main.add() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @"__llgo_stub.main.add$1", ptr %1, align 8
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr null, ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, align 8
+  ret { ptr, ptr } %3
+}
+
+define { { ptr, ptr }, i64 } @main.add2() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @"__llgo_stub.main.add2$1", ptr %1, align 8
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr null, ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, align 8
+  %mrv = insertvalue { { ptr, ptr }, i64 } poison, { ptr, ptr } %3, 0
+  %mrv1 = insertvalue { { ptr, ptr }, i64 } %mrv, i64 1, 1
+  ret { { ptr, ptr }, i64 } %mrv1
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %0 = call { ptr, ptr } @"main.main$1"()
+  %1 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %0, 1
+  %2 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %0, 0
+  %3 = call i64 %2(ptr %1, i64 100, i64 200)
+  %4 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %3)
+  %5 = call { ptr, ptr } @main.add()
+  %6 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %5, 1
+  %7 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %5, 0
+  %8 = call i64 %7(ptr %6, i64 100, i64 200)
+  %9 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @1, i64 %8)
+  %10 = call { { ptr, ptr }, i64 } @main.add2()
+  %11 = extractvalue { { ptr, ptr }, i64 } %10, 0
+  %12 = extractvalue { { ptr, ptr }, i64 } %10, 1
+  %13 = call { ptr, ptr } @main.add()
+  %14 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %13, 1
+  %15 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %13, 0
+  %16 = call i64 %15(ptr %14, i64 100, i64 200)
+  %17 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @2, i64 %16, i64 %12)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define i64 @"main.add$1"(i64 %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = add i64 %0, %1
+  ret i64 %2
+}
+
+define linkonce i64 @"__llgo_stub.main.add$1"(ptr %0, i64 %1, i64 %2) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %3 = tail call i64 @"main.add$1"(i64 %1, i64 %2)
+  ret i64 %3
+}
+
+define i64 @"main.add2$1"(i64 %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = add i64 %0, %1
+  ret i64 %2
+}
+
+define linkonce i64 @"__llgo_stub.main.add2$1"(ptr %0, i64 %1, i64 %2) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %3 = tail call i64 @"main.add2$1"(i64 %1, i64 %2)
+  ret i64 %3
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+define { ptr, ptr } @"main.main$1"() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @"__llgo_stub.main.main$1$1", ptr %1, align 8
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr null, ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %0, align 8
+  ret { ptr, ptr } %3
+}
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)
+
+define i64 @"main.main$1$1"(i64 %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = add i64 %0, %1
+  ret i64 %2
+}
+
+define linkonce i64 @"__llgo_stub.main.main$1$1"(ptr %0, i64 %1, i64 %2) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %3 = tail call i64 @"main.main$1$1"(i64 %1, i64 %2)
+  ret i64 %3
+}

cl/_testrt/strlen/out.ll

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ _llgo_0:
 
 _llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
   store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
-  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/libc.init"()
   store i8 72, ptr @main.format, align 1
   store i8 101, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 1), align 1
   store i8 108, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i8, ptr @main.format, i64 2), align 1
@@ -30,14 +29,15 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
 
 define void @main() {
 _llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
   %0 = call i32 @strlen(ptr @main.format)
-  call void (ptr, ...) @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/libc.Printf"(ptr @main.format, i32 %0)
+  call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.format, i32 %0)
   ret void
 }
 
-declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/libc.init"()
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
 
 declare i32 @strlen(ptr)
 
-declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/libc.Printf"(ptr, ...)
+declare void @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/struct/out.ll

@@ -9,15 +9,16 @@ source_filename = "main"
 define void @"(main.Foo).Print"(%main.Foo %0) {
 _llgo_0:
   %1 = alloca %main.Foo, align 8
-  store %main.Foo %0, ptr %1, align 4
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %1, i64 8)
-  %2 = getelementptr inbounds %main.Foo, ptr %1, i32 0, i32 1
+  store %main.Foo %0, ptr %2, align 4
-  %3 = load i1, ptr %2, align 1
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %main.Foo, ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
-  br i1 %3, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+  %4 = load i1, ptr %3, align 1
+  br i1 %4, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
 
 _llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
-  %4 = getelementptr inbounds %main.Foo, ptr %1, i32 0, i32 0
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %main.Foo, ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
-  %5 = load i32, ptr %4, align 4
+  %6 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4
-  call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.format, i32 %5)
+  call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.format, i32 %6)
   br label %_llgo_2
 
 _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
@@ -56,15 +57,21 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
 
 define void @main() {
 _llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
   %0 = alloca %main.Foo, align 8
-  %1 = getelementptr inbounds %main.Foo, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %0, i64 8)
-  %2 = getelementptr inbounds %main.Foo, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 1
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds %main.Foo, ptr %1, i32 0, i32 0
-  store i32 100, ptr %1, align 4
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %main.Foo, ptr %1, i32 0, i32 1
-  store i1 true, ptr %2, align 1
+  store i32 100, ptr %2, align 4
-  %3 = load %main.Foo, ptr %0, align 4
+  store i1 true, ptr %3, align 1
-  call void @"(main.Foo).Print"(%main.Foo %3)
+  %4 = load %main.Foo, ptr %1, align 4
+  call void @"(main.Foo).Print"(%main.Foo %4)
   ret void
 }
 
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr, i64)
+
 declare void @printf(ptr, ...)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()

cl/_testrt/sum/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func sum(args ...int) (ret int) {
+	for _, v := range args {
+		ret += v
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func main() {
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Hello %d\n"), sum(1, 2, 3, 4))
+}

cl/_testrt/sum/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" = type { ptr, i64, i64 }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [10 x i8] c"Hello %d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %0 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 32)
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %0, i64 0
+  store i64 1, ptr %1, align 4
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %0, i64 1
+  store i64 2, ptr %2, align 4
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %0, i64 2
+  store i64 3, ptr %3, align 4
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %0, i64 3
+  store i64 4, ptr %4, align 4
+  %5 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %0, i64 8, i64 4, i64 0, i64 4, i64 4)
+  %6 = call i64 @main.sum(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5)
+  %7 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %6)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define i64 @main.sum(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2, %_llgo_0
+  %2 = phi i64 [ 0, %_llgo_0 ], [ %9, %_llgo_2 ]
+  %3 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_0 ], [ %4, %_llgo_2 ]
+  %4 = add i64 %3, 1
+  %5 = icmp slt i64 %4, %1
+  br i1 %5, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %6 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0)
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %6, i64 %4
+  %8 = load i64, ptr %7, align 4
+  %9 = add i64 %2, %8
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  ret i64 %2
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr, i64, i64, i64, i64, i64)
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)
+
+declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")

cl/_testrt/typalias/out.ll

@@ -45,8 +45,9 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
 
 define void @main() {
 _llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
-  %0 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Alloc"(i64 16)
+  %0 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 8)
   %1 = getelementptr inbounds { i32, i1 }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
   %2 = getelementptr inbounds { i32, i1 }, ptr %0, i32 0, i32 1
   store i32 100, ptr %1, align 4
@@ -57,4 +58,6 @@ _llgo_0:
 
 declare void @printf(ptr, ...)
 
-declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Alloc"(i64)
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)

cl/_testrt/unreachable/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func foo() {
+	c.Unreachable()
+}
+
+func main() {
+	foo()
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Hello\n"))
+}

cl/_testrt/unreachable/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"Hello\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.foo() {
+_llgo_0:
+  unreachable
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main() {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  call void @main.foo()
+  %0 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/builtin_test.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package cl
 
 import (
+	"go/constant"
 	"go/types"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -24,6 +25,112 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa"
 )
 
+/*
+func TestErrCompileValue(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != "can't use llgo instruction as a value" {
+			t.Fatal("TestErrCompileValue:", r)
+		}
+	}()
+	pkg := types.NewPackage("foo", "foo")
+	ctx := &context{
+		goTyps: pkg,
+		link: map[string]string{
+			"foo.": "llgo.unreachable",
+		},
+	}
+	ctx.compileValue(nil, &ssa.Function{
+		Pkg:       &ssa.Package{Pkg: pkg},
+		Signature: types.NewSignatureType(nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, false),
+	})
+}
+*/
+
+func TestErrCompileInstrOrValue(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Fatal("compileInstrOrValue: no error?")
+		}
+	}()
+	ctx := &context{
+		bvals: make(map[ssa.Value]llssa.Expr),
+	}
+	ctx.compileInstrOrValue(nil, &ssa.Call{}, true)
+}
+
+func TestErrAdvance(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Fatal("advance: no error?")
+		}
+	}()
+	var ctx context
+	ctx.advance(nil, nil)
+}
+
+func TestErrAlloca(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Fatal("alloca: no error?")
+		}
+	}()
+	var ctx context
+	ctx.alloca(nil, nil)
+}
+
+func TestCStrNoArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Fatal("cstr: no error?")
+		}
+	}()
+	cstr(nil, nil)
+}
+
+func TestCStrNonconst(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Fatal("cstr: no error?")
+		}
+	}()
+	cstr(nil, []ssa.Value{&ssa.Parameter{}})
+}
+
+func TestPkgNoInit(t *testing.T) {
+	pkg := types.NewPackage("foo", "foo")
+	ctx := &context{
+		goTyps: pkg,
+		loaded: make(map[*types.Package]*pkgInfo),
+	}
+	if ctx.pkgNoInit(pkg) {
+		t.Fatal("pkgNoInit?")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPkgKind(t *testing.T) {
+	if v := pkgKind("noinit"); v != PkgNoInit {
+		t.Fatal("pkgKind:", v)
+	}
+	if v := pkgKind(""); v != PkgLLGo {
+		t.Fatal("pkgKind:", v)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPkgKindOf(t *testing.T) {
+	if v := PkgKindOf(types.Unsafe); v != PkgDeclOnly {
+		t.Fatal("PkgKindOf unsafe:", v)
+	}
+	pkg := types.NewPackage("foo", "foo")
+	pkg.Scope().Insert(
+		types.NewConst(
+			0, pkg, "LLGoPackage", types.Typ[types.String],
+			constant.MakeString("noinit")),
+	)
+	if v := PkgKindOf(pkg); v != PkgNoInit {
+		t.Fatal("PkgKindOf foo:", v)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestIsAny(t *testing.T) {
 	if isAny(types.Typ[types.UntypedInt]) {
 		t.Fatal("isAny?")
@@ -48,7 +155,7 @@ func TestIgnoreName(t *testing.T) {
 func TestErrImport(t *testing.T) {
 	var ctx context
 	pkg := types.NewPackage("foo", "foo")
-	ctx.importPkg(pkg)
+	ctx.importPkg(pkg, nil)
 }
 
 func TestErrInitLinkname(t *testing.T) {
@@ -58,7 +165,7 @@ func TestErrInitLinkname(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}()
 	var ctx context
-	ctx.initLinkname("foo", "//go:linkname Printf printf")
+	ctx.initLinkname("foo", "//go:linkname Printf printf", false)
 }
 
 func TestErrVarOf(t *testing.T) {

cl/cltest/cltest.go

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ import (
 
 func init() {
 	cl.SetDebug(cl.DbgFlagAll)
-	llssa.Initialize(llssa.InitAll)
+	llssa.Initialize(llssa.InitAll | llssa.InitNative)
 	llssa.SetDebug(llssa.DbgFlagAll)
 }
 
@@ -113,6 +113,14 @@ func TestCompileEx(t *testing.T, src any, fname, expected string) {
 	}
 	foo.WriteTo(os.Stderr)
 	prog := llssa.NewProgram(nil)
+	prog.SetRuntime(func() *types.Package {
+		rt, err := imp.Import(llssa.PkgRuntime)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal("load runtime failed:", err)
+		}
+		return rt
+	})
+
 	ret, err := cl.NewPackage(prog, foo, files)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal("cl.NewPackage failed:", err)

cl/compile.go

@@ -61,12 +61,12 @@ const (
 	fnIgnore
 )
 
-func funcKind(vfn ssa.Value) int {
+func (p *context) funcKind(vfn ssa.Value) int {
 	if fn, ok := vfn.(*ssa.Function); ok && fn.Signature.Recv() == nil {
 		params := fn.Signature.Params()
 		n := params.Len()
 		if n == 0 {
-			if fn.Name() == "init" && ignorePkgInit(fn.Pkg.Pkg.Path()) {
+			if fn.Name() == "init" && p.pkgNoInit(fn.Pkg.Pkg) {
 				return fnIgnore
 			}
 		} else {
@@ -79,10 +79,10 @@ func funcKind(vfn ssa.Value) int {
 	return fnNormal
 }
 
-func ignorePkgInit(pkgPath string) bool {
+func (p *context) pkgNoInit(pkg *types.Package) bool {
-	switch pkgPath {
+	p.ensureLoaded(pkg)
-	case "unsafe", "syscall", "runtime/cgo":
+	if i, ok := p.loaded[pkg]; ok {
-		return true
+		return i.kind >= PkgNoInit
 	}
 	return false
 }
@@ -113,13 +113,22 @@ func inPkg(name, pkg string) bool {
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-type none = struct{}
-
 type instrOrValue interface {
 	ssa.Instruction
 	ssa.Value
 }
 
+const (
+	PkgNormal = iota
+	PkgLLGo
+	PkgNoInit   // noinit: a package that don't need to be initialized
+	PkgDeclOnly // decl: a package that only have declarations
+)
+
+type pkgInfo struct {
+	kind int
+}
+
 type context struct {
 	prog   llssa.Program
 	pkg    llssa.Package
@@ -129,10 +138,11 @@ type context struct {
 	goTyps *types.Package
 	goPkg  *ssa.Package
 	link   map[string]string           // pkgPath.nameInPkg => linkname
-	loaded map[*types.Package]none     // loaded packages
+	loaded map[*types.Package]*pkgInfo // loaded packages
 	bvals  map[ssa.Value]llssa.Expr    // block values
 	vargs  map[*ssa.Alloc][]llssa.Expr // varargs
 	inits  []func()
+	phis   []func()
 }
 
 func (p *context) compileType(pkg llssa.Package, t *ssa.Type) {
@@ -159,7 +169,7 @@ func (p *context) compileMethods(pkg llssa.Package, typ types.Type) {
 	for i, n := 0, mthds.Len(); i < n; i++ {
 		mthd := mthds.At(i)
 		if ssaMthd := prog.MethodValue(mthd); ssaMthd != nil {
-			p.compileFunc(pkg, mthd.Obj().Pkg(), ssaMthd)
+			p.compileFuncDecl(pkg, mthd.Obj().Pkg(), ssaMthd)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -167,64 +177,138 @@ func (p *context) compileMethods(pkg llssa.Package, typ types.Type) {
 // Global variable.
 func (p *context) compileGlobal(pkg llssa.Package, gbl *ssa.Global) {
 	typ := gbl.Type()
-	name := llssa.FullName(gbl.Pkg.Pkg, gbl.Name())
+	name, vtype := p.varName(gbl.Pkg.Pkg, gbl)
 	if ignoreName(name) || checkCgo(gbl.Name()) {
 		return
 	}
 	if debugInstr {
 		log.Println("==> NewVar", name, typ)
 	}
-	g := pkg.NewVar(name, typ)
+	g := pkg.NewVar(name, typ, llssa.Background(vtype))
-	g.Init(p.prog.Null(g.Type))
+	if vtype == goVar {
+		g.Init(p.prog.Null(g.Type))
+	}
 }
 
-func (p *context) compileFunc(pkg llssa.Package, pkgTypes *types.Package, f *ssa.Function) {
+func makeClosureCtx(pkg *types.Package, vars []*ssa.FreeVar) *types.Var {
-	sig := f.Signature
+	n := len(vars)
-	name, ok := p.funcName(pkgTypes, f, true)
+	flds := make([]*types.Var, n)
-	if !ok { // ignored
+	for i, v := range vars {
-		return
+		flds[i] = types.NewField(token.NoPos, pkg, v.Name(), v.Type(), false)
 	}
-	if debugInstr {
+	t := types.NewPointer(types.NewStruct(flds, nil))
-		log.Println("==> NewFunc", name, "type:", sig.Recv(), sig)
+	return types.NewParam(token.NoPos, pkg, "__llgo_ctx", t)
+}
+
+func (p *context) compileFuncDecl(pkg llssa.Package, pkgTypes *types.Package, f *ssa.Function) llssa.Function {
+	name, ftype := p.funcName(pkgTypes, f, true)
+	if ftype != goFunc {
+		return nil
 	}
-	fn := pkg.NewFunc(name, sig)
+	fn := pkg.FuncOf(name)
-	p.inits = append(p.inits, func() {
+	if fn != nil && fn.HasBody() {
-		p.fn = fn
+		return fn
-		defer func() {
+	}
-			p.fn = nil
+
-		}()
+	var sig = f.Signature
-		nblk := len(f.Blocks)
+	var hasCtx = len(f.FreeVars) > 0
-		if nblk == 0 { // external function
+	if hasCtx {
-			return
-		}
-		if debugGoSSA {
-			f.WriteTo(os.Stderr)
-		}
 		if debugInstr {
-			log.Println("==> FuncBody", name)
+			log.Println("==> NewClosure", name, "type:", sig)
 		}
-		fn.MakeBlocks(nblk)
+		ctx := makeClosureCtx(pkgTypes, f.FreeVars)
-		b := fn.NewBuilder()
+		sig = llssa.FuncAddCtx(ctx, sig)
-		p.bvals = make(map[ssa.Value]llssa.Expr)
+	} else {
-		for i, block := range f.Blocks {
+		if debugInstr {
-			p.compileBlock(b, block, i == 0 && name == "main")
+			log.Println("==> NewFunc", name, "type:", sig.Recv(), sig)
 		}
-	})
+	}
+	if fn == nil {
+		fn = pkg.NewFuncEx(name, sig, llssa.Background(ftype), hasCtx)
+	}
+	if nblk := len(f.Blocks); nblk > 0 {
+		fn.MakeBlocks(nblk) // to set fn.HasBody() = true
+		p.inits = append(p.inits, func() {
+			p.fn = fn
+			defer func() {
+				p.fn = nil
+			}()
+			p.phis = nil
+			if debugGoSSA {
+				f.WriteTo(os.Stderr)
+			}
+			if debugInstr {
+				log.Println("==> FuncBody", name)
+			}
+			b := fn.NewBuilder()
+			p.bvals = make(map[ssa.Value]llssa.Expr)
+			off := make([]int, len(f.Blocks))
+			for i, block := range f.Blocks {
+				off[i] = p.compilePhis(b, block)
+			}
+			for i, block := range f.Blocks {
+				p.compileBlock(b, block, off[i], i == 0 && name == "main")
+			}
+			for _, phi := range p.phis {
+				phi()
+			}
+		})
+	}
+	return fn
 }
 
-func (p *context) compileBlock(b llssa.Builder, block *ssa.BasicBlock, doInit bool) llssa.BasicBlock {
+// funcOf returns a function by name and set ftype = goFunc, cFunc, etc.
+// or returns nil and set ftype = llgoCstr, llgoAlloca, llgoUnreachable, etc.
+func (p *context) funcOf(fn *ssa.Function) (ret llssa.Function, ftype int) {
+	pkgTypes := p.ensureLoaded(fn.Pkg.Pkg)
+	pkg := p.pkg
+	name, ftype := p.funcName(pkgTypes, fn, false)
+	if ftype == llgoInstr {
+		switch name {
+		case "cstr":
+			ftype = llgoCstr
+		case "advance":
+			ftype = llgoAdvance
+		case "alloca":
+			ftype = llgoAlloca
+		case "allocaCStr":
+			ftype = llgoAllocaCStr
+		case "unreachable":
+			ftype = llgoUnreachable
+		default:
+			panic("unknown llgo instruction: " + name)
+		}
+	} else if ret = pkg.FuncOf(name); ret == nil && len(fn.FreeVars) == 0 {
+		sig := fn.Signature
+		ret = pkg.NewFuncEx(name, sig, llssa.Background(ftype), false)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (p *context) compileBlock(b llssa.Builder, block *ssa.BasicBlock, n int, doInit bool) llssa.BasicBlock {
 	ret := p.fn.Block(block.Index)
 	b.SetBlock(ret)
 	if doInit {
-		fn := p.pkg.FuncOf("main.init")
+		pkg := p.pkg
-		b.Call(fn.Expr)
+		callRuntimeInit(b, pkg)
+		b.Call(pkg.FuncOf("main.init").Expr)
 	}
-	for _, instr := range block.Instrs {
+	for _, instr := range block.Instrs[n:] {
 		p.compileInstr(b, instr)
 	}
 	return ret
 }
 
+const (
+	RuntimeInit = llssa.PkgRuntime + ".init"
+)
+
+func callRuntimeInit(b llssa.Builder, pkg llssa.Package) {
+	sig := types.NewSignatureType(nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, false)
+	fn := pkg.NewFunc(RuntimeInit, sig, llssa.InC) // don't need to convert runtime.init
+	b.Call(fn.Expr)
+}
+
 func isAny(t types.Type) bool {
 	if t, ok := t.(*types.Interface); ok {
 		return t.Empty()
@@ -260,6 +344,92 @@ func (p *context) checkVArgs(v *ssa.Alloc, t *types.Pointer) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// func cstr(string) *int8
+func cstr(b llssa.Builder, args []ssa.Value) (ret llssa.Expr) {
+	if len(args) == 1 {
+		if c, ok := args[0].(*ssa.Const); ok {
+			if v := c.Value; v.Kind() == constant.String {
+				sv := constant.StringVal(v)
+				return b.CStr(sv)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	panic("cstr(<string-literal>): invalid arguments")
+}
+
+func (p *context) advance(b llssa.Builder, args []ssa.Value) (ret llssa.Expr) {
+	if len(args) == 2 {
+		ptr := p.compileValue(b, args[0])
+		offset := p.compileValue(b, args[1])
+		return b.Advance(ptr, offset)
+	}
+	panic("advance(p ptr, offset int): invalid arguments")
+}
+
+// func alloca(size uintptr) unsafe.Pointer
+func (p *context) alloca(b llssa.Builder, args []ssa.Value) (ret llssa.Expr) {
+	if len(args) == 1 {
+		n := p.compileValue(b, args[0])
+		return b.Alloca(n)
+	}
+	panic("alloca(size uintptr): invalid arguments")
+}
+
+// func allocaCStr(s string) *int8
+func (p *context) allocaCStr(b llssa.Builder, args []ssa.Value) (ret llssa.Expr) {
+	if len(args) == 1 {
+		s := p.compileValue(b, args[0])
+		return b.AllocaCStr(s)
+	}
+	panic("allocaCStr(s string): invalid arguments")
+}
+
+func isPhi(i ssa.Instruction) bool {
+	_, ok := i.(*ssa.Phi)
+	return ok
+}
+
+func (p *context) compilePhis(b llssa.Builder, block *ssa.BasicBlock) int {
+	ret := p.fn.Block(block.Index)
+	b.SetBlock(ret)
+	if ninstr := len(block.Instrs); ninstr > 0 {
+		if isPhi(block.Instrs[0]) {
+			n := 1
+			for n < ninstr && isPhi(block.Instrs[n]) {
+				n++
+			}
+			rets := make([]llssa.Expr, n)
+			for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+				iv := block.Instrs[i].(*ssa.Phi)
+				rets[i] = p.compilePhi(b, iv)
+			}
+			for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+				iv := block.Instrs[i].(*ssa.Phi)
+				p.bvals[iv] = rets[i].Do(b)
+			}
+			return n
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (p *context) compilePhi(b llssa.Builder, v *ssa.Phi) (ret llssa.Expr) {
+	phi := b.Phi(p.prog.Type(v.Type(), llssa.InGo))
+	ret = phi.Expr
+	p.phis = append(p.phis, func() {
+		preds := v.Block().Preds
+		bblks := make([]llssa.BasicBlock, len(preds))
+		for i, pred := range preds {
+			bblks[i] = p.fn.Block(pred.Index)
+		}
+		edges := v.Edges
+		phi.AddIncoming(b, bblks, func(i int) llssa.Expr {
+			return p.compileValue(b, edges[i])
+		})
+	})
+	return
+}
+
 func (p *context) compileInstrOrValue(b llssa.Builder, iv instrOrValue, asValue bool) (ret llssa.Expr) {
 	if asValue {
 		if v, ok := p.bvals[iv]; ok {
@@ -271,15 +441,16 @@ func (p *context) compileInstrOrValue(b llssa.Builder, iv instrOrValue, asValue
 	case *ssa.Call:
 		call := v.Call
 		cv := call.Value
-		kind := funcKind(cv)
+		kind := p.funcKind(cv)
 		if kind == fnIgnore {
 			return
 		}
 		if debugGoSSA {
 			log.Println(">>> Call", cv, call.Args)
 		}
-		if builtin, ok := cv.(*ssa.Builtin); ok {
+		switch cv := cv.(type) {
-			fn := builtin.Name()
+		case *ssa.Builtin:
+			fn := cv.Name()
 			if fn == "ssa:wrapnilchk" { // TODO(xsw): check nil ptr
 				arg := call.Args[0]
 				ret = p.compileValue(b, arg)
@@ -288,7 +459,26 @@ func (p *context) compileInstrOrValue(b llssa.Builder, iv instrOrValue, asValue
 				args := p.compileValues(b, call.Args, kind)
 				ret = b.BuiltinCall(fn, args...)
 			}
-		} else {
+		case *ssa.Function:
+			fn, ftype := p.compileFunction(cv)
+			switch ftype {
+			case goFunc, cFunc:
+				args := p.compileValues(b, call.Args, kind)
+				ret = b.Call(fn.Expr, args...)
+			case llgoCstr:
+				ret = cstr(b, call.Args)
+			case llgoAdvance:
+				ret = p.advance(b, call.Args)
+			case llgoAlloca:
+				ret = p.alloca(b, call.Args)
+			case llgoAllocaCStr:
+				ret = p.allocaCStr(b, call.Args)
+			case llgoUnreachable: // func unreachable()
+				b.Unreachable()
+			default:
+				panic("todo")
+			}
+		default:
 			fn := p.compileValue(b, cv)
 			args := p.compileValues(b, call.Args, kind)
 			ret = b.Call(fn, args...)
@@ -303,14 +493,21 @@ func (p *context) compileInstrOrValue(b llssa.Builder, iv instrOrValue, asValue
 	case *ssa.ChangeType:
 		t := v.Type()
 		x := p.compileValue(b, v.X)
-		ret = b.ChangeType(p.prog.Type(t), x)
+		ret = b.ChangeType(p.prog.Type(t, llssa.InGo), x)
 	case *ssa.Convert:
 		t := v.Type()
 		x := p.compileValue(b, v.X)
-		ret = b.Convert(p.prog.Type(t), x)
+		ret = b.Convert(p.prog.Type(t, llssa.InGo), x)
 	case *ssa.FieldAddr:
 		x := p.compileValue(b, v.X)
 		ret = b.FieldAddr(x, v.Field)
+	case *ssa.Alloc:
+		t := v.Type().(*types.Pointer)
+		if p.checkVArgs(v, t) { // varargs: this is a varargs allocation
+			return
+		}
+		elem := p.prog.Type(t.Elem(), llssa.InGo)
+		ret = b.Alloc(elem, v.Heap)
 	case *ssa.IndexAddr:
 		vx := v.X
 		if _, ok := p.isVArgs(vx); ok { // varargs: this is a varargs index
@@ -319,28 +516,71 @@ func (p *context) compileInstrOrValue(b llssa.Builder, iv instrOrValue, asValue
 		x := p.compileValue(b, vx)
 		idx := p.compileValue(b, v.Index)
 		ret = b.IndexAddr(x, idx)
+	case *ssa.Index:
+		x := p.compileValue(b, v.X)
+		idx := p.compileValue(b, v.Index)
+		ret = b.Index(x, idx, func(e llssa.Expr) (ret llssa.Expr) {
+			if e == x {
+				if n, ok := v.X.(*ssa.UnOp); ok {
+					return p.compileValue(b, n.X)
+				}
+			}
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("todo: addr of %v", e))
+		})
+	case *ssa.Lookup:
+		x := p.compileValue(b, v.X)
+		idx := p.compileValue(b, v.Index)
+		ret = b.Lookup(x, idx, v.CommaOk)
 	case *ssa.Slice:
 		vx := v.X
 		if _, ok := p.isVArgs(vx); ok { // varargs: this is a varargs slice
 			return
 		}
-		panic("todo")
+		var low, high, max llssa.Expr
-	case *ssa.Alloc:
+		x := p.compileValue(b, vx)
-		t := v.Type().(*types.Pointer)
+		if v.Low != nil {
-		if p.checkVArgs(v, t) { // varargs: this is a varargs allocation
+			low = p.compileValue(b, v.Low)
-			return
 		}
-		ret = b.Alloc(t, v.Heap)
+		if v.High != nil {
+			high = p.compileValue(b, v.High)
+		}
+		if v.Max != nil {
+			max = p.compileValue(b, v.Max)
+		}
+		ret = b.Slice(x, low, high, max)
 	case *ssa.MakeInterface:
 		const (
 			delayExpr = true // varargs: don't need to convert an expr to any
 		)
-		t := v.Type()
+		t := p.prog.Type(v.Type(), llssa.InGo)
 		x := p.compileValue(b, v.X)
 		ret = b.MakeInterface(t, x, delayExpr)
+	case *ssa.MakeSlice:
+		var nCap llssa.Expr
+		t := p.prog.Type(v.Type(), llssa.InGo)
+		nLen := p.compileValue(b, v.Len)
+		if v.Cap != nil {
+			nCap = p.compileValue(b, v.Cap)
+		}
+		ret = b.MakeSlice(t, nLen, nCap)
+	case *ssa.MakeMap:
+		var nReserve llssa.Expr
+		t := p.prog.Type(v.Type(), llssa.InGo)
+		if v.Reserve != nil {
+			nReserve = p.compileValue(b, v.Reserve)
+		}
+		ret = b.MakeMap(t, nReserve)
+	case *ssa.MakeClosure:
+		fn := p.compileValue(b, v.Fn)
+		bindings := p.compileValues(b, v.Bindings, 0)
+		ret = b.MakeClosure(fn, bindings)
 	case *ssa.TypeAssert:
 		x := p.compileValue(b, v.X)
-		ret = b.TypeAssert(x, p.prog.Type(v.AssertedType), v.CommaOk)
+		t := p.prog.Type(v.AssertedType, llssa.InGo)
+		ret = b.TypeAssert(x, t, v.CommaOk)
+	case *ssa.Extract:
+		x := p.compileValue(b, v.Tuple)
+		ret = b.Extract(x, v.Index)
 	default:
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("compileInstrAndValue: unknown instr - %T\n", iv))
 	}
@@ -391,14 +631,30 @@ func (p *context) compileInstr(b llssa.Builder, instr ssa.Instruction) {
 		thenb := fn.Block(succs[0].Index)
 		elseb := fn.Block(succs[1].Index)
 		b.If(cond, thenb, elseb)
+	case *ssa.MapUpdate:
+		m := p.compileValue(b, v.Map)
+		key := p.compileValue(b, v.Key)
+		val := p.compileValue(b, v.Value)
+		b.MapUpdate(m, key, val)
 	case *ssa.Panic:
-		arg := p.compileValue(b, v.X).Do()
+		arg := p.compileValue(b, v.X).Do(b)
 		b.Panic(arg)
 	default:
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("compileInstr: unknown instr - %T\n", instr))
 	}
 }
 
+func (p *context) compileFunction(v *ssa.Function) (llssa.Function, int) {
+	// v.Pkg == nil: means auto generated function?
+	if v.Pkg == p.goPkg || v.Pkg == nil {
+		// function in this package
+		if fn := p.compileFuncDecl(p.pkg, p.goTyps, v); fn != nil {
+			return fn, goFunc
+		}
+	}
+	return p.funcOf(v)
+}
+
 func (p *context) compileValue(b llssa.Builder, v ssa.Value) llssa.Expr {
 	if iv, ok := v.(instrOrValue); ok {
 		return p.compileInstrOrValue(b, iv, true)
@@ -412,14 +668,21 @@ func (p *context) compileValue(b llssa.Builder, v ssa.Value) llssa.Expr {
 			}
 		}
 	case *ssa.Function:
-		fn := p.funcOf(v)
+		fn, _ := p.compileFunction(v)
 		return fn.Expr
 	case *ssa.Global:
 		g := p.varOf(v)
 		return g.Expr
 	case *ssa.Const:
-		t := v.Type()
+		t := types.Default(v.Type())
-		return b.Const(v.Value, p.prog.Type(t))
+		return b.Const(v.Value, p.prog.Type(t, llssa.InGo))
+	case *ssa.FreeVar:
+		fn := v.Parent()
+		for idx, freeVar := range fn.FreeVars {
+			if freeVar == v {
+				return p.fn.FreeVar(b, idx)
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	panic(fmt.Sprintf("compileValue: unknown value - %T\n", v))
 }
@@ -443,7 +706,7 @@ func (p *context) compileValues(b llssa.Builder, vals []ssa.Value, hasVArg int)
 	n := len(vals) - hasVArg
 	ret := make([]llssa.Expr, n)
 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
-		ret[i] = p.compileValue(b, vals[i]).Do()
+		ret[i] = p.compileValue(b, vals[i]).Do(b)
 	}
 	if hasVArg > 0 {
 		ret = p.compileVArg(ret, b, vals[n])
@@ -484,8 +747,10 @@ func NewPackage(prog llssa.Program, pkg *ssa.Package, files []*ast.File) (ret ll
 		goTyps: pkgTypes,
 		goPkg:  pkg,
 		link:   make(map[string]string),
-		loaded: make(map[*types.Package]none),
 		vargs:  make(map[*ssa.Alloc][]llssa.Expr),
+		loaded: map[*types.Package]*pkgInfo{
+			types.Unsafe: {kind: PkgDeclOnly}, // TODO(xsw): PkgNoInit or PkgDeclOnly?
+		},
 	}
 	ctx.initFiles(pkgPath, files)
 	for _, m := range members {
@@ -496,15 +761,19 @@ func NewPackage(prog llssa.Program, pkg *ssa.Package, files []*ast.File) (ret ll
 				// Do not try to build generic (non-instantiated) functions.
 				continue
 			}
-			ctx.compileFunc(ret, member.Pkg.Pkg, member)
+			ctx.compileFuncDecl(ret, member.Pkg.Pkg, member)
 		case *ssa.Type:
 			ctx.compileType(ret, member)
 		case *ssa.Global:
 			ctx.compileGlobal(ret, member)
 		}
 	}
-	for _, ini := range ctx.inits {
+	for len(ctx.inits) > 0 {
-		ini()
+		inits := ctx.inits
+		ctx.inits = nil
+		for _, ini := range inits {
+			ini()
+		}
 	}
 	return
 }

cl/compile_test.go

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ func testCompile(t *testing.T, src, expected string) {
 	cltest.TestCompileEx(t, src, "foo.go", expected)
 }
 
-func TestFromTestcgo(t *testing.T) {
+func TestFromTestrt(t *testing.T) {
-	cltest.FromDir(t, "", "./_testcgo", true)
+	cltest.FromDir(t, "", "./_testrt", true)
 }
 
 func TestFromTestdata(t *testing.T) {

cl/import.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package cl
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"go/ast"
+	"go/constant"
 	"go/token"
 	"go/types"
 	"os"
@@ -43,11 +44,45 @@ func contentOf(m contentMap, file string) (lines contentLines, err error) {
 	return
 }
 
-func (p *context) importPkg(pkg *types.Package) {
+// PkgKindOf returns the kind of a package.
+func PkgKindOf(pkg *types.Package) int {
 	scope := pkg.Scope()
-	if scope.Lookup("LLGoPackage") == nil {
+	kind := pkgKindByScope(scope)
+	if kind == PkgNormal {
+		kind = pkgKindByPath(pkg.Path())
+	}
+	return kind
+}
+
+// decl: a package that only contains declarations
+// noinit: a package that does not need to be initialized
+func pkgKind(v string) int {
+	switch v {
+	case "decl":
+		return PkgDeclOnly
+	case "noinit":
+		return PkgNoInit
+	}
+	return PkgLLGo
+}
+
+func pkgKindByScope(scope *types.Scope) int {
+	if v, ok := scope.Lookup("LLGoPackage").(*types.Const); ok {
+		if v := v.Val(); v.Kind() == constant.String {
+			return pkgKind(constant.StringVal(v))
+		}
+		return PkgLLGo
+	}
+	return PkgNormal
+}
+
+func (p *context) importPkg(pkg *types.Package, i *pkgInfo) {
+	scope := pkg.Scope()
+	kind := pkgKindByScope(scope)
+	if kind == PkgNormal {
 		return
 	}
+	i.kind = kind
 	fset := p.fset
 	names := scope.Names()
 	contents := make(contentMap)
@@ -55,19 +90,14 @@ func (p *context) importPkg(pkg *types.Package) {
 	for _, name := range names {
 		if token.IsExported(name) {
 			obj := scope.Lookup(name)
-			if obj, ok := obj.(*types.Func); ok {
+			switch obj := obj.(type) {
+			case *types.Func:
 				if pos := obj.Pos(); pos != token.NoPos {
-					f := fset.File(pos)
+					p.initLinknameByPos(fset, pos, pkgPath, contents, false)
-					if fp := f.Position(pos); fp.Line > 2 {
+				}
-						lines, err := contentOf(contents, fp.Filename)
+			case *types.Var:
-						if err != nil {
+				if pos := obj.Pos(); pos != token.NoPos {
-							panic(err)
+					p.initLinknameByPos(fset, pos, pkgPath, contents, true)
-						}
-						if i := fp.Line - 2; i < len(lines) {
-							line := string(lines[i])
-							p.initLinkname(pkgPath, line)
-						}
-					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -77,21 +107,44 @@ func (p *context) importPkg(pkg *types.Package) {
 func (p *context) initFiles(pkgPath string, files []*ast.File) {
 	for _, file := range files {
 		for _, decl := range file.Decls {
-			if decl, ok := decl.(*ast.FuncDecl); ok {
+			switch decl := decl.(type) {
+			case *ast.FuncDecl:
 				if decl.Recv == nil {
-					if doc := decl.Doc; doc != nil {
+					p.initLinknameByDoc(decl.Doc, pkgPath, false)
-						if n := len(doc.List); n > 0 {
+				}
-							line := doc.List[n-1].Text
+			case *ast.GenDecl:
-							p.initLinkname(pkgPath, line)
+				if decl.Tok == token.VAR && len(decl.Specs) == 1 {
-						}
+					p.initLinknameByDoc(decl.Doc, pkgPath, true)
-					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func (p *context) initLinkname(pkgPath, line string) {
+func (p *context) initLinknameByDoc(doc *ast.CommentGroup, pkgPath string, isVar bool) {
+	if doc != nil {
+		if n := len(doc.List); n > 0 {
+			line := doc.List[n-1].Text
+			p.initLinkname(pkgPath, line, isVar)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *context) initLinknameByPos(fset *token.FileSet, pos token.Pos, pkgPath string, contents contentMap, isVar bool) {
+	f := fset.File(pos)
+	if fp := f.Position(pos); fp.Line > 2 {
+		lines, err := contentOf(contents, fp.Filename)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+		if i := fp.Line - 2; i < len(lines) {
+			line := string(lines[i])
+			p.initLinkname(pkgPath, line, isVar)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *context) initLinkname(pkgPath, line string, isVar bool) {
 	const (
 		linkname = "//go:linkname "
 	)
@@ -99,9 +152,9 @@ func (p *context) initLinkname(pkgPath, line string) {
 		text := strings.TrimSpace(line[len(linkname):])
 		if idx := strings.IndexByte(text, ' '); idx > 0 {
 			link := strings.TrimLeft(text[idx+1:], " ")
-			if strings.Contains(link, ".") { // eg. C.printf, C.strlen
+			if isVar || strings.Contains(link, ".") { // eg. C.printf, C.strlen, llgo.cstr
 				name := pkgPath + "." + text[:idx]
-				p.link[name] = link[2:]
+				p.link[name] = link
 			} else {
 				panic(line + ": no specified call convention. eg. //go:linkname Printf C.printf")
 			}
@@ -136,43 +189,78 @@ func checkCgo(fnName string) bool {
 		(fnName[4] == '_' || strings.HasPrefix(fnName[4:], "Check"))
 }
 
-func (p *context) funcName(pkg *types.Package, fn *ssa.Function, ignore bool) (string, bool) {
+const (
+	ignoredFunc = iota
+	goFunc      = int(llssa.InGo)
+	cFunc       = int(llssa.InC)
+	llgoInstr   = -1
+
+	llgoInstrBase   = 0x80
+	llgoUnreachable = llgoInstrBase + 0
+	llgoCstr        = llgoInstrBase + 1
+	llgoAlloca      = llgoInstrBase + 2
+	llgoAllocaCStr  = llgoInstrBase + 3
+	llgoAdvance     = llgoInstrBase + 4
+)
+
+func (p *context) funcName(pkg *types.Package, fn *ssa.Function, ignore bool) (string, int) {
 	name := funcName(pkg, fn)
 	if ignore && ignoreName(name) || checkCgo(fn.Name()) {
-		return name, false
+		return name, ignoredFunc
 	}
 	if v, ok := p.link[name]; ok {
-		return v, true
+		if strings.HasPrefix(v, "C.") {
+			return v[2:], cFunc
+		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(v, "llgo.") {
+			return v[5:], llgoInstr
+		}
+		return v, goFunc
 	}
-	return name, true
+	return name, goFunc
 }
 
-func (p *context) funcOf(fn *ssa.Function) llssa.Function {
+const (
-	pkgTypes := p.ensureLoaded(fn.Pkg.Pkg)
+	ignoredVar = iota
-	pkg := p.pkg
+	goVar      = int(llssa.InGo)
-	name, _ := p.funcName(pkgTypes, fn, false)
+	cVar       = int(llssa.InC)
-	if ret := pkg.FuncOf(name); ret != nil {
+)
-		return ret
+
+func (p *context) varName(pkg *types.Package, v *ssa.Global) (vName string, vtype int) {
+	name := llssa.FullName(pkg, v.Name())
+	if v, ok := p.link[name]; ok {
+		return v, cVar
 	}
-	return pkg.NewFunc(name, fn.Signature)
+	return name, goVar
 }
 
-func (p *context) varOf(v *ssa.Global) llssa.Global {
+func (p *context) varOf(v *ssa.Global) (ret llssa.Global) {
 	pkgTypes := p.ensureLoaded(v.Pkg.Pkg)
 	pkg := p.pkg
-	name := llssa.FullName(pkgTypes, v.Name())
+	name, vtype := p.varName(pkgTypes, v)
-	if ret := pkg.VarOf(name); ret != nil {
+	if ret = pkg.VarOf(name); ret == nil {
-		return ret
+		ret = pkg.NewVar(name, v.Type(), llssa.Background(vtype))
 	}
-	return pkg.NewVar(name, v.Type())
+	return
 }
 
 func (p *context) ensureLoaded(pkgTypes *types.Package) *types.Package {
 	if p.goTyps != pkgTypes {
 		if _, ok := p.loaded[pkgTypes]; !ok {
-			p.loaded[pkgTypes] = none{}
+			i := &pkgInfo{
-			p.importPkg(pkgTypes)
+				kind: pkgKindByPath(pkgTypes.Path()),
+			}
+			p.loaded[pkgTypes] = i
+			p.importPkg(pkgTypes, i)
 		}
 	}
 	return pkgTypes
 }
+
+func pkgKindByPath(pkgPath string) int {
+	switch pkgPath {
+	case "syscall", "runtime/cgo", "unsafe":
+		return PkgDeclOnly
+	}
+	return PkgNormal
+}

cl/internal/libc/libc.go

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import "C"
 import _ "unsafe"
 
 const (
-	LLGoPackage = true
+	LLGoPackage = "decl"
 )
 
 //go:linkname Printf C.printf

cl/internal/linktarget/foo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package linktarget
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+func F(a, b *c.Char) {
+	c.Printf(c.Str("a: %s, b: %s\n"), a, b)
+}

cl/internal/linktarget/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+; ModuleID = 'github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/linktarget'
+source_filename = "github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/linktarget"
+
+@"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/linktarget.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [14 x i8] c"a: %s, b: %s\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/linktarget.F"(ptr %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, ptr %0, ptr %1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/linktarget.init"() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/linktarget.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/internal/linktarget.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

go.mod

@@ -5,13 +5,16 @@ go 1.18
 require (
 	github.com/aykevl/go-wasm v0.0.1
 	github.com/goplus/gogen v1.15.2
-	github.com/goplus/llvm v0.7.2
+	github.com/goplus/llvm v0.7.5
 	github.com/goplus/mod v0.13.10
+	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12
 	github.com/qiniu/x v1.13.10
 	golang.org/x/tools v0.20.0
 )
 
 require (
+	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180228061459-e0a39a4cb421 // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -1,15 +1,25 @@
 github.com/aykevl/go-wasm v0.0.1 h1:lPxy8l48P39W7I0tLrtCrLfZBOUq9IWZ7odGdyJP2AM=
 github.com/aykevl/go-wasm v0.0.1/go.mod h1:b4nggwg3lEkNKOU4wzhtLKz2q2sLxSHFnc98aGt6z/Y=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/google/gofuzz v1.0.0/go.mod h1:dBl0BpW6vV/+mYPU4Po3pmUjxk6FQPldtuIdl/M65Eg=
 github.com/goplus/gogen v1.15.2 h1:Q6XaSx/Zi5tWnjfAziYsQI6Jv6MgODRpFtOYqNkiiqM=
 github.com/goplus/gogen v1.15.2/go.mod h1:92qEzVgv7y8JEFICWG9GvYI5IzfEkxYdsA1DbmnTkqk=
-github.com/goplus/llvm v0.7.1 h1:B12Fr/wc3pAsq5PLuac9u9IuKpLRuCufdVAeGDP/MRw=
+github.com/goplus/llvm v0.7.5 h1:ges8WcUdu4FBi0mkZUs27p/4qDQlj28N1UpMg3VQUoE=
-github.com/goplus/llvm v0.7.1/go.mod h1:PeVK8GgzxwAYCiMiUAJb5wJR6xbhj989tu9oulKLLT4=
+github.com/goplus/llvm v0.7.5/go.mod h1:PeVK8GgzxwAYCiMiUAJb5wJR6xbhj989tu9oulKLLT4=
-github.com/goplus/llvm v0.7.2 h1:NL3LlwAmYVCGA6yV40AjOvMDKl2dbCqoYPtugmLQK+E=
-github.com/goplus/llvm v0.7.2/go.mod h1:PeVK8GgzxwAYCiMiUAJb5wJR6xbhj989tu9oulKLLT4=
 github.com/goplus/mod v0.13.10 h1:5Om6KOvo31daN7N30kWU1vC5zhsJPM+uPbcEN/FnlzE=
 github.com/goplus/mod v0.13.10/go.mod h1:HDuPZgpWiaTp3PUolFgsiX+Q77cbUWB/mikVHfYND3c=
+github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 h1:PV8peI4a0ysnczrg+LtxykD8LfKY9ML6u2jnxaEnrnM=
+github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12/go.mod h1:e30LSqwooZae/UwlEbR2852Gd8hjQvJoHmT4TnhNGBo=
+github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180228061459-e0a39a4cb421 h1:ZqeYNhU3OHLH3mGKHDcjJRFFRrJa6eAM5H+CtDdOsPc=
+github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180228061459-e0a39a4cb421/go.mod h1:6dJC0mAP4ikYIbvyc7fijjWJddQyLn8Ig3JB5CqoB9Q=
+github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 h1:xBagoLtFs94CBntxluKeaWgTMpvLxC4ur3nMaC9Gz0M=
+github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2/go.mod h1:yWuevngMOJpCy52FWWMvUC8ws7m/LJsjYzDa0/r8luk=
+github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
 github.com/qiniu/x v1.13.10 h1:J4Z3XugYzAq85SlyAfqlKVrbf05glMbAOh+QncsDQpE=
 github.com/qiniu/x v1.13.10/go.mod h1:INZ2TSWSJVWO/RuELQROERcslBwVgFG7MkTfEdaQz9E=
+github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.3.0/go.mod h1:M5WIy9Dh21IEIfnGCwXGc5bZfKNJtfHm1UVUgZn+9EI=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.4.13/go.mod h1:6yULJ656Px+3vBD8DxQVa3kxgyrAnzto9xy5taEt/CY=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=

internal/abi/llgo_autogen.ll

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 source_filename = "github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi"
 
 %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.ArrayType" = type { %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr, ptr, i64 }
-%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type" = type { i64, i64, i32, i8, i8, i8, i8, ptr, ptr, i32, i32 }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type" = type { i64, i64, i32, i8, i8, i8, i8, { ptr, ptr }, ptr, i32, i32 }
 %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.ChanType" = type { %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr, i64 }
 %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.FuncType" = type { %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", i16, i16 }
 %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.InterfaceType" = type { %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Name", %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" }
 %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Name" = type { ptr }
 %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" = type { ptr, i64, i64 }
-%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.MapType" = type { %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr, ptr, ptr, ptr, i8, i8, i16, i32 }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.MapType" = type { %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr, ptr, ptr, { ptr, ptr }, i8, i8, i16, i32 }
 %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.PtrType" = type { %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr }
 %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.SliceType" = type { %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr }
 %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.StructType" = type { %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Name", %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" }

internal/abi/map.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package abi
+
+// Map constants common to several packages
+// runtime/runtime-gdb.py:MapTypePrinter contains its own copy
+const (
+	MapBucketCountBits = 3 // log2 of number of elements in a bucket.
+	MapBucketCount     = 1 << MapBucketCountBits
+	MapMaxKeyBytes     = 128 // Must fit in a uint8.
+	MapMaxElemBytes    = 128 // Must fit in a uint8.
+)

internal/aliases/aliases.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package aliases
+
+import (
+	"go/token"
+	"go/types"
+)
+
+// Package aliases defines backward compatible shims
+// for the types.Alias type representation added in 1.22.
+// This defines placeholders for x/tools until 1.26.
+
+// NewAlias creates a new TypeName in Package pkg that
+// is an alias for the type rhs.
+//
+// The enabled parameter determines whether the resulting [TypeName]'s
+// type is an [types.Alias]. Its value must be the result of a call to
+// [Enabled], which computes the effective value of
+// GODEBUG=gotypesalias=... by invoking the type checker. The Enabled
+// function is expensive and should be called once per task (e.g.
+// package import), not once per call to NewAlias.
+func NewAlias(enabled bool, pos token.Pos, pkg *types.Package, name string, rhs types.Type) *types.TypeName {
+	if enabled {
+		tname := types.NewTypeName(pos, pkg, name, nil)
+		newAlias(tname, rhs)
+		return tname
+	}
+	return types.NewTypeName(pos, pkg, name, rhs)
+}

internal/aliases/aliases_go121.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build !go1.22
+// +build !go1.22
+
+package aliases
+
+import (
+	"go/types"
+)
+
+// Alias is a placeholder for a go/types.Alias for <=1.21.
+// It will never be created by go/types.
+type Alias struct{}
+
+func (*Alias) String() string         { panic("unreachable") }
+func (*Alias) Underlying() types.Type { panic("unreachable") }
+func (*Alias) Obj() *types.TypeName   { panic("unreachable") }
+func Rhs(alias *Alias) types.Type     { panic("unreachable") }
+
+// Unalias returns the type t for go <=1.21.
+func Unalias(t types.Type) types.Type { return t }
+
+func newAlias(name *types.TypeName, rhs types.Type) *Alias { panic("unreachable") }
+
+// Enabled reports whether [NewAlias] should create [types.Alias] types.
+//
+// Before go1.22, this function always returns false.
+func Enabled() bool { return false }

internal/aliases/aliases_go122.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build go1.22
+// +build go1.22
+
+package aliases
+
+import (
+	"go/ast"
+	"go/parser"
+	"go/token"
+	"go/types"
+)
+
+// Alias is an alias of types.Alias.
+type Alias = types.Alias
+
+// Rhs returns the type on the right-hand side of the alias declaration.
+func Rhs(alias *Alias) types.Type {
+	if alias, ok := any(alias).(interface{ Rhs() types.Type }); ok {
+		return alias.Rhs() // go1.23+
+	}
+
+	// go1.22's Alias didn't have the Rhs method,
+	// so Unalias is the best we can do.
+	return Unalias(alias)
+}
+
+// Unalias is a wrapper of types.Unalias.
+func Unalias(t types.Type) types.Type { return types.Unalias(t) }
+
+// newAlias is an internal alias around types.NewAlias.
+// Direct usage is discouraged as the moment.
+// Try to use NewAlias instead.
+func newAlias(tname *types.TypeName, rhs types.Type) *Alias {
+	a := types.NewAlias(tname, rhs)
+	// TODO(go.dev/issue/65455): Remove kludgy workaround to set a.actual as a side-effect.
+	Unalias(a)
+	return a
+}
+
+// Enabled reports whether [NewAlias] should create [types.Alias] types.
+//
+// This function is expensive! Call it sparingly.
+func Enabled() bool {
+	// The only reliable way to compute the answer is to invoke go/types.
+	// We don't parse the GODEBUG environment variable, because
+	// (a) it's tricky to do so in a manner that is consistent
+	//     with the godebug package; in particular, a simple
+	//     substring check is not good enough. The value is a
+	//     rightmost-wins list of options. But more importantly:
+	// (b) it is impossible to detect changes to the effective
+	//     setting caused by os.Setenv("GODEBUG"), as happens in
+	//     many tests. Therefore any attempt to cache the result
+	//     is just incorrect.
+	fset := token.NewFileSet()
+	f, _ := parser.ParseFile(fset, "a.go", "package p; type A = int", 0)
+	pkg, _ := new(types.Config).Check("p", fset, []*ast.File{f}, nil)
+	_, enabled := pkg.Scope().Lookup("A").Type().(*types.Alias)
+	return enabled
+}

internal/build/build.go

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ func Do(args []string, conf *Config) {
 		return rt[0].Types
 	})
 
-	buildAllPkgs(prog, initial, mode, verbose)
+	pkgs := buildAllPkgs(prog, initial, mode, verbose)
 
 	var runtimeFiles []string
 	if rt != nil {
@@ -136,12 +136,11 @@ func Do(args []string, conf *Config) {
 		nErr := 0
 		for _, pkg := range initial {
 			if pkg.Name == "main" {
-				nErr += linkMainPkg(pkg, runtimeFiles, conf, mode, verbose)
+				nErr += linkMainPkg(pkg, pkgs, runtimeFiles, conf, mode, verbose)
 			}
 		}
 		if nErr > 0 {
-			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%d errors occurred\n", nErr)
+			os.Exit(nErr)
-			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -154,11 +153,14 @@ func isNeedRuntime(pkg *packages.Package) bool {
 	return pkg.ID == ""
 }
 
-func buildAllPkgs(prog llssa.Program, initial []*packages.Package, mode Mode, verbose bool) {
+func buildAllPkgs(prog llssa.Program, initial []*packages.Package, mode Mode, verbose bool) (pkgs []*aPackage) {
 	// Create SSA-form program representation.
 	ssaProg, pkgs, errPkgs := allPkgs(initial, ssa.SanityCheckFunctions)
 	ssaProg.Build()
 	for _, errPkg := range errPkgs {
+		for _, err := range errPkg.Errors {
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+		}
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "cannot build SSA for package", errPkg)
 	}
 	for _, pkg := range pkgs {
@@ -167,9 +169,10 @@ func buildAllPkgs(prog llssa.Program, initial []*packages.Package, mode Mode, ve
 			setNeedRuntime(pkg.Package)
 		}
 	}
+	return
 }
 
-func linkMainPkg(pkg *packages.Package, runtimeFiles []string, conf *Config, mode Mode, verbose bool) (nErr int) {
+func linkMainPkg(pkg *packages.Package, pkgs []*aPackage, runtimeFiles []string, conf *Config, mode Mode, verbose bool) (nErr int) {
 	pkgPath := pkg.PkgPath
 	name := path.Base(pkgPath)
 	app := conf.OutFile
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ func linkMainPkg(pkg *packages.Package, runtimeFiles []string, conf *Config, mod
 	args[2] = "-Wno-override-module"
 	needRuntime := false
 	packages.Visit([]*packages.Package{pkg}, nil, func(p *packages.Package) {
-		if p.PkgPath != "unsafe" { // TODO(xsw): maybe can remove this special case
+		if p.ExportFile != "" && !isRuntimePkg(p.PkgPath) { // skip packages that only contain declarations
 			args = append(args, p.ExportFile+".ll")
 			if !needRuntime {
 				needRuntime = isNeedRuntime(p)
@@ -192,6 +195,17 @@ func linkMainPkg(pkg *packages.Package, runtimeFiles []string, conf *Config, mod
 	})
 	if needRuntime && runtimeFiles != nil {
 		args = append(args, runtimeFiles...)
+	} else {
+		for _, aPkg := range pkgs {
+			if aPkg.Package == pkg { // make empty runtime.init if no runtime needed
+				lpkg := aPkg.LPkg
+				lpkg.FuncOf(cl.RuntimeInit).MakeBody(1).Return()
+				if needLLFile(mode) {
+					file := pkg.ExportFile + ".ll"
+					os.WriteFile(file, []byte(lpkg.String()), 0644)
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	if verbose || mode != ModeRun {
@@ -204,7 +218,9 @@ func linkMainPkg(pkg *packages.Package, runtimeFiles []string, conf *Config, mod
 	}()
 
 	// TODO(xsw): show work
-	// fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "clang", args)
+	if verbose {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "clang", args)
+	}
 	err := clang.New("").Exec(args...)
 	check(err)
 
@@ -218,8 +234,14 @@ func linkMainPkg(pkg *packages.Package, runtimeFiles []string, conf *Config, mod
 	return
 }
 
-func buildPkg(prog llssa.Program, aPkg aPackage, mode Mode, verbose bool) {
+func buildPkg(prog llssa.Program, aPkg *aPackage, mode Mode, verbose bool) {
 	pkg := aPkg.Package
+	if cl.PkgKindOf(pkg.Types) == cl.PkgDeclOnly {
+		// skip packages that only contain declarations
+		// and set no export file
+		pkg.ExportFile = ""
+		return
+	}
 	pkgPath := pkg.PkgPath
 	if verbose {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, pkgPath)
@@ -233,14 +255,16 @@ func buildPkg(prog llssa.Program, aPkg aPackage, mode Mode, verbose bool) {
 		file := pkg.ExportFile + ".ll"
 		os.WriteFile(file, []byte(ret.String()), 0644)
 	}
+	aPkg.LPkg = ret
 }
 
 type aPackage struct {
 	*packages.Package
-	SSA *ssa.Package
+	SSA  *ssa.Package
+	LPkg llssa.Package
 }
 
-func allPkgs(initial []*packages.Package, mode ssa.BuilderMode) (prog *ssa.Program, all []aPackage, errs []*packages.Package) {
+func allPkgs(initial []*packages.Package, mode ssa.BuilderMode) (prog *ssa.Program, all []*aPackage, errs []*packages.Package) {
 	var fset *token.FileSet
 	if len(initial) > 0 {
 		fset = initial[0].Fset
@@ -250,7 +274,7 @@ func allPkgs(initial []*packages.Package, mode ssa.BuilderMode) (prog *ssa.Progr
 	packages.Visit(initial, nil, func(p *packages.Package) {
 		if p.Types != nil && !p.IllTyped {
 			ssaPkg := prog.CreatePackage(p.Types, p.Syntax, p.TypesInfo, true)
-			all = append(all, aPackage{p, ssaPkg})
+			all = append(all, &aPackage{p, ssaPkg, nil})
 		} else {
 			errs = append(errs, p)
 		}
@@ -320,14 +344,28 @@ func allLinkFiles(rt []*packages.Package) (outFiles []string) {
 	outFiles = make([]string, 0, len(rt))
 	root := rootLLGo(rt[0])
 	packages.Visit(rt, nil, func(p *packages.Package) {
-		if isPkgInLLGo(p.PkgPath) {
+		pkgPath := p.PkgPath
-			outFile := filepath.Join(root+p.PkgPath[len(llgoModPath):], "llgo_autogen.ll")
+		if isRuntimePkg(pkgPath) {
+			outFile := filepath.Join(root+pkgPath[len(llgoModPath):], "llgo_autogen.ll")
 			outFiles = append(outFiles, outFile)
 		}
 	})
 	return
 }
 
+const (
+	pkgAbi     = llgoModPath + "/internal/abi"
+	pkgRuntime = llgoModPath + "/internal/runtime"
+)
+
+func isRuntimePkg(pkgPath string) bool {
+	switch pkgPath {
+	case pkgRuntime, pkgAbi:
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // TODO(xsw): llgo root dir
 func rootLLGo(runtime *packages.Package) string {
 	return runtime.Module.Dir
@@ -337,6 +375,7 @@ const (
 	llgoModPath = "github.com/goplus/llgo"
 )
 
+/*
 func isPkgInLLGo(pkgPath string) bool {
 	return isPkgInMod(pkgPath, llgoModPath)
 }
@@ -348,6 +387,7 @@ func isPkgInMod(pkgPath, modPath string) bool {
 	}
 	return false
 }
+*/
 
 func check(err error) {
 	if err != nil {

internal/llgen/llgen.go

@@ -66,9 +66,16 @@ func Gen(pkgPath, inFile string, src any) string {
 		&types.Config{Importer: imp}, fset, pkg, files, ssa.SanityCheckFunctions)
 	check(err)
 
-	ssaPkg.WriteTo(os.Stderr)
+	if Verbose {
+		ssaPkg.WriteTo(os.Stderr)
+	}
 
 	prog := llssa.NewProgram(nil)
+	prog.SetRuntime(func() *types.Package {
+		rt, err := imp.Import(llssa.PkgRuntime)
+		check(err)
+		return rt
+	})
 	ret, err := cl.NewPackage(prog, ssaPkg, files)
 	check(err)
 
@@ -80,3 +87,7 @@ func check(err error) {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 }
+
+var (
+	Verbose = true
+)

internal/llgen/llgenf.go

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ package llgen
 import (
 	"go/types"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl"
 	"golang.org/x/tools/go/packages"
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ const (
 
 func GenFrom(fileOrPkg string) string {
 	cfg := &packages.Config{
-		Mode: loadSyntax,
+		Mode: loadSyntax | packages.NeedDeps,
 	}
 	initial, err := packages.Load(cfg, fileOrPkg)
 	check(err)
@@ -55,6 +57,10 @@ func GenFrom(fileOrPkg string) string {
 		return rt[0].Types
 	})
 
+	if Verbose {
+		ssaPkg.WriteTo(os.Stderr)
+	}
+
 	ret, err := cl.NewPackage(prog, ssaPkg, pkg.Syntax)
 	check(err)
 
@@ -66,3 +72,23 @@ func DoFile(fileOrPkg, outFile string) {
 	err := os.WriteFile(outFile, []byte(ret), 0644)
 	check(err)
 }
+
+func SmartDoFile(inFile string, pkgPath ...string) {
+	dir, _ := filepath.Split(inFile)
+	fname := "llgo_autogen.ll"
+	if inCompilerDir(dir) {
+		fname = "out.ll"
+	}
+	outFile := dir + fname
+
+	if len(pkgPath) > 0 {
+		Do(pkgPath[0], inFile, outFile)
+	} else {
+		DoFile(inFile, outFile)
+	}
+}
+
+func inCompilerDir(dir string) bool {
+	dir, _ = filepath.Abs(dir)
+	return strings.Contains(filepath.ToSlash(dir), "/llgo/cl/")
+}

internal/runtime/c/c.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package c
+
+import "C"
+import "unsafe"
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "decl"
+)
+
+type (
+	Char    = int8
+	Int     = C.int
+	Pointer = unsafe.Pointer
+	FilePtr = unsafe.Pointer
+)
+
+//go:linkname Stdin __stdinp
+var Stdin FilePtr
+
+//go:linkname Stdout __stdoutp
+var Stdout FilePtr
+
+//go:linkname Stderr __stderrp
+var Stderr FilePtr
+
+//go:linkname Str llgo.cstr
+func Str(string) *Char
+
+//go:linkname Advance llgo.advance
+func Advance(ptr Pointer, offset int) Pointer
+
+//go:linkname Alloca llgo.alloca
+func Alloca(size uintptr) Pointer
+
+//go:linkname AllocaCStr llgo.allocaCStr
+func AllocaCStr(s string) *Char
+
+//go:linkname Unreachable llgo.unreachable
+func Unreachable()
+
+//go:linkname Rand C.rand
+func Rand() Int
+
+//go:linkname Malloc C.malloc
+func Malloc(size uintptr) Pointer
+
+//go:linkname Memcpy C.memcpy
+func Memcpy(dst, src Pointer, n uintptr) Pointer
+
+//go:linkname Memset C.memset
+func Memset(s Pointer, c Int, n uintptr) Pointer
+
+//go:linkname Printf C.printf
+func Printf(format *Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) Int
+
+//go:linkname Fprintf C.fprintf
+func Fprintf(fp FilePtr, format *Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) Int

internal/runtime/llgo_autogen.ll

@@ -1,23 +1,36 @@
 ; ModuleID = 'github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime'
 source_filename = "github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime"
 
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" = type { ptr, i64 }
 %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" = type { ptr, ptr }
 %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab" = type { ptr, ptr, i32, [4 x i8], [1 x i64] }
-%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" = type { ptr, i64 }
 %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" = type { ptr, i64, i64 }
-%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type" = type { i64, i64, i32, i8, i8, i8, i8, ptr, ptr, i32, i32 }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type" = type { i64, i64, i32, i8, i8, i8, i8, { ptr, ptr }, ptr, i32, i32 }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.hmap" = type { i64, i8, i8, i16, i32, ptr, ptr, i64, ptr }
 
 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TyAny" = global ptr null
 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.basicTypes" = global ptr null
 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init$guard" = global ptr null
 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.sizeBasicTypes" = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [21 x i8] c"I2Int: type mismatch\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [26 x i8] c"slice index out of bounds\00", align 1
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [33 x i8] c"string slice index out of bounds\00", align 1
+@__stderrp = external global ptr
+@3 = private unnamed_addr constant [11 x i8] c"panic: %s\0A\00", align 1
 
-define ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Alloc"(i64 %0) {
+define ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocU"(i64 %0) {
 _llgo_0:
   %1 = call ptr @malloc(i64 %0)
   ret ptr %1
 }
 
+define ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call ptr @malloc(i64 %0)
+  %2 = call ptr @memset(ptr %1, i32 0, i64 %0)
+  ret ptr %2
+}
+
 define ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 %0) {
 _llgo_0:
   %1 = getelementptr inbounds ptr, ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.basicTypes", i64 %0
@@ -25,22 +38,52 @@ _llgo_0:
   ret ptr %2
 }
 
+define ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CStrCopy"(ptr %0, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
+  %3 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %2, i64 16)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1, ptr %3, align 8
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 1
+  %5 = load i64, ptr %4, align 4
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 0
+  %7 = load ptr, ptr %6, align 8
+  %8 = call ptr @memcpy(ptr %0, ptr %7, i64 %5)
+  %9 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %0, i64 %5
+  store i8 0, ptr %9, align 1
+  ret ptr %0
+}
+
+define ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CStrDup"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %1, i64 16)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0, ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
+  %4 = load i64, ptr %3, align 4
+  %5 = add i64 %4, 1
+  %6 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocU"(i64 %5)
+  %7 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %2, align 8
+  %8 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CStrCopy"(ptr %6, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %7)
+  ret ptr %8
+}
+
 define { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %1) {
 _llgo_0:
   %2 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", align 8
-  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %2, i64 16)
-  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %3, align 8
-  %4 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 0
-  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 1
+  %5 = load ptr, ptr %4, align 8
-  %6 = load ptr, ptr %5, align 8
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %5, i32 0, i32 1
-  %7 = icmp eq ptr %6, %1
+  %7 = load ptr, ptr %6, align 8
-  br i1 %7, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+  %8 = icmp eq ptr %7, %1
+  br i1 %8, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
 
 _llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
-  %8 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
+  %9 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 1
-  %9 = load ptr, ptr %8, align 8
+  %10 = load ptr, ptr %9, align 8
-  %10 = ptrtoint ptr %9 to i64
+  %11 = ptrtoint ptr %10 to i64
-  %mrv = insertvalue { i64, i1 } poison, i64 %10, 0
+  %mrv = insertvalue { i64, i1 } poison, i64 %11, 0
   %mrv1 = insertvalue { i64, i1 } %mrv, i1 true, 1
   ret { i64, i1 } %mrv1
 
@@ -51,152 +94,422 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
 define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.EmptyString"() {
 _llgo_0:
   %0 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
-  %1 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %0, i64 16)
-  %2 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %0, i32 0, i32 1
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %1, i32 0, i32 0
-  store ptr null, ptr %1, align 8
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %1, i32 0, i32 1
-  store i64 0, ptr %2, align 4
+  store ptr null, ptr %2, align 8
-  %3 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %0, align 8
+  store i64 0, ptr %3, align 4
-  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %3
+  %4 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %1, align 8
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %4
 }
 
 define i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.I2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %1) {
 _llgo_0:
   %2 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", align 8
-  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %2, i64 16)
-  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %3, align 8
-  %4 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 0
-  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 1
+  %5 = load ptr, ptr %4, align 8
-  %6 = load ptr, ptr %5, align 8
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %5, i32 0, i32 1
-  %7 = icmp eq ptr %6, %1
+  %7 = load ptr, ptr %6, align 8
-  br i1 %7, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+  %8 = icmp eq ptr %7, %1
+  br i1 %8, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
 
 _llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
-  %8 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
+  %9 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 1
-  %9 = load ptr, ptr %8, align 8
+  %10 = load ptr, ptr %9, align 8
-  %10 = ptrtoint ptr %9 to i64
+  %11 = ptrtoint ptr %10 to i64
-  ret i64 %10
+  ret i64 %11
 
 _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
-  %11 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"([21 x i8] c"I2Int: type mismatch\00")
+  %12 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @0, i64 20)
+  %13 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %12)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %13)
   unreachable
 }
 
 define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAny"(ptr %0, ptr %1) {
 _llgo_0:
-  %2 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", align 8
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 32)
-  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
-  %4 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Alloc"(i64 16)
+  %4 = load ptr, ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TyAny", align 8
-  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 0
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
-  %6 = load ptr, ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TyAny", align 8
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 2
-  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 1
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 4
-  %8 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 2
+  %8 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %7, i64 0
-  %9 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 4
-  %10 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %9, i64 0
-  store ptr %6, ptr %5, align 8
-  store ptr %0, ptr %7, align 8
-  store i32 0, ptr %8, align 4
-  store i64 0, ptr %10, align 4
-  %11 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
   store ptr %4, ptr %3, align 8
-  store ptr %1, ptr %11, align 8
+  store ptr %0, ptr %5, align 8
-  %12 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, align 8
+  store i32 0, ptr %6, align 4
-  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %12
+  store i64 0, ptr %8, align 4
+  %9 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", align 8
+  %10 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %9, i64 16)
+  %11 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %10, i32 0, i32 0
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %10, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr %2, ptr %11, align 8
+  store ptr %1, ptr %12, align 8
+  %13 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %10, align 8
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %13
 }
 
 define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %0, i64 %1) {
 _llgo_0:
-  %2 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", align 8
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 32)
-  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
-  %4 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Alloc"(i64 16)
+  %4 = load ptr, ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TyAny", align 8
-  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 0
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
-  %6 = load ptr, ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TyAny", align 8
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 2
-  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 1
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 4
-  %8 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 2
+  %8 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %7, i64 0
-  %9 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 4
-  %10 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %9, i64 0
-  store ptr %6, ptr %5, align 8
-  store ptr %0, ptr %7, align 8
-  store i32 0, ptr %8, align 4
-  store i64 0, ptr %10, align 4
-  %11 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
-  %12 = inttoptr i64 %1 to ptr
   store ptr %4, ptr %3, align 8
-  store ptr %12, ptr %11, align 8
+  store ptr %0, ptr %5, align 8
-  %13 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, align 8
+  store i32 0, ptr %6, align 4
-  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %13
+  store i64 0, ptr %8, align 4
+  %9 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", align 8
+  %10 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %9, i64 16)
+  %11 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %10, i32 0, i32 0
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %10, i32 0, i32 1
+  %13 = inttoptr i64 %1 to ptr
+  store ptr %2, ptr %11, align 8
+  store ptr %13, ptr %12, align 8
+  %14 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %10, align 8
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %14
 }
 
 define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0) {
 _llgo_0:
-  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Alloc"(i64 16)
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 16)
   store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0, ptr %1, align 8
-  %2 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", align 8
+  %2 = load ptr, ptr getelementptr inbounds (ptr, ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.basicTypes", i64 24), align 8
-  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
+  %3 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 32)
-  %4 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Alloc"(i64 16)
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 0
-  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 0
+  %5 = load ptr, ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TyAny", align 8
-  %6 = load ptr, ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TyAny", align 8
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 1
-  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 1
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 2
-  %8 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 24)
+  %8 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 4
-  %9 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 2
+  %9 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %8, i64 0
-  %10 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 4
+  store ptr %5, ptr %4, align 8
-  %11 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %10, i64 0
+  store ptr %2, ptr %6, align 8
-  store ptr %6, ptr %5, align 8
+  store i32 0, ptr %7, align 4
-  store ptr %8, ptr %7, align 8
+  store i64 0, ptr %9, align 4
-  store i32 0, ptr %9, align 4
+  %10 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", align 8
-  store i64 0, ptr %11, align 4
+  %11 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %10, i64 16)
-  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %11, i32 0, i32 0
-  store ptr %4, ptr %3, align 8
+  %13 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %11, i32 0, i32 1
-  store ptr %1, ptr %12, align 8
+  store ptr %3, ptr %12, align 8
-  %13 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, align 8
+  store ptr %1, ptr %13, align 8
-  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %13
+  %14 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %11, align 8
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %14
 }
 
 define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeInterface"(ptr %0, ptr %1, ptr %2) {
 _llgo_0:
-  %3 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", align 8
+  %3 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 32)
-  %4 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 0
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 0
-  %5 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Alloc"(i64 16)
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 1
-  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %5, i32 0, i32 0
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 2
-  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %5, i32 0, i32 1
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 4
-  %8 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %5, i32 0, i32 2
+  %8 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %7, i64 0
-  %9 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %5, i32 0, i32 4
+  store ptr %0, ptr %4, align 8
-  %10 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr %9, i64 0
+  store ptr %1, ptr %5, align 8
-  store ptr %0, ptr %6, align 8
+  store i32 0, ptr %6, align 4
-  store ptr %1, ptr %7, align 8
+  store i64 0, ptr %8, align 4
-  store i32 0, ptr %8, align 4
+  %9 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", align 8
-  store i64 0, ptr %10, align 4
+  %10 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %9, i64 16)
-  %11 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 1
+  %11 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %10, i32 0, i32 0
-  store ptr %5, ptr %4, align 8
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %10, i32 0, i32 1
-  store ptr %2, ptr %11, align 8
+  store ptr %3, ptr %11, align 8
-  %12 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %3, align 8
+  store ptr %2, ptr %12, align 8
-  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %12
+  %13 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %10, align 8
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %13
 }
 
-declare ptr @malloc(i64)
+define ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeSmallMap"() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.makemap_small"()
+  ret ptr %0
+}
+
+define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice"(ptr %0, i64 %1, i64 %2) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %3 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", align 8
+  %4 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %3, i64 24)
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 0
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 1
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 2
+  store ptr %0, ptr %5, align 8
+  store i64 %1, ptr %6, align 4
+  store i64 %2, ptr %7, align 4
+  %8 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %4, align 8
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %8
+}
+
+define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %0, i64 %1, i64 %2, i64 %3, i64 %4, i64 %5) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %6 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", align 8
+  %7 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %6, i64 24)
+  %8 = icmp slt i64 %3, 0
+  br i1 %8, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_5
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_5, %_llgo_4, %_llgo_3, %_llgo_0
+  %9 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @1, i64 25)
+  %10 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %9)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %10)
+  unreachable
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
+  %11 = sub i64 %4, %3
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %7, i32 0, i32 1
+  store i64 %11, ptr %12, align 4
+  %13 = sub i64 %5, %3
+  %14 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %7, i32 0, i32 2
+  store i64 %13, ptr %14, align 4
+  %15 = sub i64 %5, %3
+  %16 = icmp sgt i64 %15, 0
+  br i1 %16, label %_llgo_6, label %_llgo_8
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_4
+  %17 = icmp sgt i64 %5, %2
+  br i1 %17, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_5
+  %18 = icmp slt i64 %5, %4
+  br i1 %18, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_5:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %19 = icmp slt i64 %4, %3
+  br i1 %19, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_4
+
+_llgo_6:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2
+  %20 = mul i64 %3, %1
+  %21 = getelementptr i8, ptr %0, i64 %20
+  %22 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %7, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %21, ptr %22, align 8
+  br label %_llgo_7
+
+_llgo_7:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_8, %_llgo_6
+  %23 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %7, align 8
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %23
+
+_llgo_8:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2
+  %24 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %7, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %0, ptr %24, align 8
+  br label %_llgo_7
+}
+
+define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
+  %3 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %2, i64 16)
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 0
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr %0, ptr %4, align 8
+  store i64 %1, ptr %5, align 4
+  %6 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %3, align 8
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %6
+}
+
+define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewStringSlice"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0, i64 %1, i64 %2) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %3 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
+  %4 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %3, i64 16)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0, ptr %4, align 8
+  %5 = icmp slt i64 %1, 0
+  br i1 %5, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_4
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_4, %_llgo_3, %_llgo_0
+  %6 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @2, i64 32)
+  %7 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %6)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %7)
+  unreachable
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
+  %8 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 1
+  %9 = load i64, ptr %8, align 4
+  %10 = icmp slt i64 %1, %9
+  br i1 %10, label %_llgo_5, label %_llgo_6
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_4
+  %11 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 1
+  %12 = load i64, ptr %11, align 4
+  %13 = icmp sgt i64 %2, %12
+  br i1 %13, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %14 = icmp slt i64 %2, %1
+  br i1 %14, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_5:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2
+  %15 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
+  %16 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %15, i64 16)
+  %17 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %16, i32 0, i32 0
+  %18 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 0
+  %19 = load ptr, ptr %18, align 8
+  %20 = getelementptr i8, ptr %19, i64 %1
+  %21 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %16, i32 0, i32 1
+  %22 = sub i64 %2, %1
+  store ptr %20, ptr %17, align 8
+  store i64 %22, ptr %21, align 4
+  %23 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %16, align 8
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %23
+
+_llgo_6:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2
+  %24 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
+  %25 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %24, i64 16)
+  %26 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %25, i32 0, i32 0
+  %27 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %25, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr null, ptr %26, align 8
+  store i64 0, ptr %27, align 4
+  %28 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %25, align 8
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %28
+}
 
 define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NilSlice"() {
 _llgo_0:
   %0 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", align 8
-  %1 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %0, i32 0, i32 0
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %0, i64 24)
-  %2 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %0, i32 0, i32 1
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %1, i32 0, i32 0
-  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %0, i32 0, i32 2
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %1, i32 0, i32 1
-  store ptr null, ptr %1, align 8
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %1, i32 0, i32 2
-  store i64 0, ptr %2, align 4
+  store ptr null, ptr %2, align 8
   store i64 0, ptr %3, align 4
-  %4 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %0, align 8
+  store i64 0, ptr %4, align 4
-  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %4
+  %5 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %1, align 8
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %5
+}
+
+define i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceCap"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", align 8
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %1, i64 24)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0, ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 2
+  %4 = load i64, ptr %3, align 4
+  ret i64 %4
+}
+
+define ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", align 8
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %1, i64 24)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0, ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
+  %4 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8
+  ret ptr %4
+}
+
+define i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", align 8
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %1, i64 24)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0, ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
+  %4 = load i64, ptr %3, align 4
+  ret i64 %4
+}
+
+define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringCat"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
+  %3 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %2, i64 16)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0, ptr %3, align 8
+  %4 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
+  %5 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %4, i64 16)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1, ptr %5, align 8
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 1
+  %7 = load i64, ptr %6, align 4
+  %8 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %5, i32 0, i32 1
+  %9 = load i64, ptr %8, align 4
+  %10 = add i64 %7, %9
+  %11 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocU"(i64 %10)
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 0
+  %13 = load ptr, ptr %12, align 8
+  %14 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 1
+  %15 = load i64, ptr %14, align 4
+  %16 = call ptr @memcpy(ptr %11, ptr %13, i64 %15)
+  %17 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %3, i32 0, i32 1
+  %18 = load i64, ptr %17, align 4
+  %19 = getelementptr i8, ptr %11, i64 %18
+  %20 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %5, i32 0, i32 0
+  %21 = load ptr, ptr %20, align 8
+  %22 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %5, i32 0, i32 1
+  %23 = load i64, ptr %22, align 4
+  %24 = call ptr @memcpy(ptr %19, ptr %21, i64 %23)
+  %25 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
+  %26 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %25, i64 16)
+  %27 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %26, i32 0, i32 0
+  %28 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %26, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr %11, ptr %27, align 8
+  store i64 %10, ptr %28, align 4
+  %29 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %26, align 8
+  ret %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %29
+}
+
+define ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %1, i64 16)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0, ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
+  %4 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8
+  ret ptr %4
+}
+
+define i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %1, i64 16)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0, ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
+  %4 = load i64, ptr %3, align 4
+  ret i64 %4
+}
+
+define void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TracePanic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", align 8
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %1, i64 16)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %2, align 8
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
+  %4 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.itab", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 1
+  %6 = load ptr, ptr %5, align 8
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %6, i32 0, i32 6
+  %8 = load i8, ptr %7, align 1
+  %9 = sext i8 %8 to i64
+  %10 = icmp eq i64 %9, 24
+  br i1 %10, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %11 = load ptr, ptr @__stderrp, align 8
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
+  %13 = load ptr, ptr %12, align 8
+  %14 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %13, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.stringTracef"(ptr %11, ptr @3, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %14)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+}
+
+define ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = call ptr @memset(ptr %0, i32 0, i64 %1)
+  ret ptr %2
 }
 
 define ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.basicType"(i64 %0) {
 _llgo_0:
-  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Alloc"(i64 16)
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 56)
   %2 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %1, i32 0, i32 0
   %3 = getelementptr inbounds i64, ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.sizeBasicTypes", i64 %0
   %4 = load i64, ptr %3, align 4
-  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %1, i32 0, i32 6
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %1, i32 0, i32 2
-  %6 = trunc i64 %0 to i8
+  %6 = trunc i64 %0 to i32
+  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %1, i32 0, i32 6
+  %8 = trunc i64 %0 to i8
   store i64 %4, ptr %2, align 4
-  store i8 %6, ptr %5, align 1
+  store i32 %6, ptr %5, align 4
+  store i8 %8, ptr %7, align 1
   ret ptr %1
 }
 
@@ -208,7 +521,7 @@ _llgo_0:
 _llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
   store i1 true, ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init$guard", align 1
   call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.init"()
-  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Alloc"(i64 16)
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 88)
   store ptr %1, ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.TyAny", align 8
   store i64 1, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i64, ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.sizeBasicTypes", i64 1), align 4
   store i64 8, ptr getelementptr inbounds (i64, ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.sizeBasicTypes", i64 2), align 4
@@ -267,4 +580,44 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
   ret void
 }
 
+define i1 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.isEmpty"(i8 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = icmp ule i8 %0, 1
+  ret i1 %1
+}
+
+define ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.makemap_small"() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 48)
+  %1 = call i32 @rand()
+  %2 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.hmap", ptr %0, i32 0, i32 4
+  store i32 %1, ptr %2, align 4
+  ret ptr %0
+}
+
+define void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.stringTracef"(ptr %0, ptr %1, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %3 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
+  %4 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr %3, i64 16)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2, ptr %4, align 8
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 1
+  %6 = load i64, ptr %5, align 4
+  %7 = add i64 %6, 1
+  %8 = alloca i8, i64 %7, align 1
+  %9 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %4, align 8
+  %10 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CStrCopy"(ptr %8, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %9)
+  %11 = call i32 (ptr, ptr, ...) @fprintf(ptr %0, ptr %1, ptr %10)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare ptr @malloc(i64)
+
+declare ptr @memset(ptr, i32, i64)
+
+declare ptr @memcpy(ptr, ptr, i64)
+
 declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.init"()
+
+declare i32 @rand()
+
+declare i32 @fprintf(ptr, ptr, ...)

internal/runtime/stubs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package runtime
+
+import _ "unsafe"
+
+//go:linkname fastrand C.rand
+func fastrand() uint32
+
+/* TODO(xsw):
+func fastrand() uint32 {
+	mp := getg().m
+	// Implement wyrand: https://github.com/wangyi-fudan/wyhash
+	// Only the platform that math.Mul64 can be lowered
+	// by the compiler should be in this list.
+	if goarch.IsAmd64|goarch.IsArm64|goarch.IsPpc64|
+		goarch.IsPpc64le|goarch.IsMips64|goarch.IsMips64le|
+		goarch.IsS390x|goarch.IsRiscv64|goarch.IsLoong64 == 1 {
+		mp.fastrand += 0xa0761d6478bd642f
+		hi, lo := math.Mul64(mp.fastrand, mp.fastrand^0xe7037ed1a0b428db)
+		return uint32(hi ^ lo)
+	}
+
+	// Implement xorshift64+: 2 32-bit xorshift sequences added together.
+	// Shift triplet [17,7,16] was calculated as indicated in Marsaglia's
+	// Xorshift paper: https://www.jstatsoft.org/article/view/v008i14/xorshift.pdf
+	// This generator passes the SmallCrush suite, part of TestU01 framework:
+	// http://simul.iro.umontreal.ca/testu01/tu01.html
+	t := (*[2]uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&mp.fastrand))
+	s1, s0 := t[0], t[1]
+	s1 ^= s1 << 17
+	s1 = s1 ^ s0 ^ s1>>7 ^ s0>>16
+	t[0], t[1] = s0, s1
+	return s0 + s1
+}
+*/

internal/runtime/type.go

@@ -16,3 +16,21 @@ import (
 type _type = abi.Type
 
 type interfacetype = abi.InterfaceType
+
+type maptype = abi.MapType
+
+/*
+type arraytype = abi.ArrayType
+
+type chantype = abi.ChanType
+
+type slicetype = abi.SliceType
+
+type functype = abi.FuncType
+
+type ptrtype = abi.PtrType
+
+type name = abi.Name
+
+type structtype = abi.StructType
+*/

internal/runtime/z_c.go

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package runtime
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+)
+
+// AllocU allocates uninitialized memory.
+func AllocU(size uintptr) unsafe.Pointer {
+	return c.Malloc(size)
+}
+
+// AllocZ allocates zero-initialized memory.
+func AllocZ(size uintptr) unsafe.Pointer {
+	ret := c.Malloc(size)
+	return c.Memset(ret, 0, size)
+}
+
+// Zeroinit initializes memory to zero.
+func Zeroinit(p c.Pointer, size uintptr) c.Pointer {
+	return c.Memset(p, 0, size)
+}
+
+// TracePanic prints panic message.
+func TracePanic(v Interface) {
+	kind := abi.Kind(v.tab._type.Kind_)
+	switch {
+	case kind == abi.String:
+		stringTracef(c.Stderr, c.Str("panic: %s\n"), *(*String)(v.data))
+	}
+	// TODO(xsw): other message type
+}
+
+func stringTracef(fp c.FilePtr, format *c.Char, s String) {
+	cs := c.Alloca(uintptr(s.len) + 1)
+	c.Fprintf(fp, format, CStrCopy(cs, s))
+}

internal/runtime/z_closure.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package runtime
+
+/*
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+// Closure represents a closure.
+type Closure struct {
+	f    unsafe.Pointer
+	data unsafe.Pointer // means no context if data is nil
+}
+
+// NewClosure creates a closure.
+func NewClosure(f, data unsafe.Pointer) Closure {
+	return Closure{f, data}
+}
+
+// ClosureF returns the function of a closure.
+func ClosureF(c Closure) unsafe.Pointer {
+	return c.f
+}
+
+// ClosureData returns the data of a closure.
+func ClosureData(c Closure) unsafe.Pointer {
+	return c.data
+}
+*/

internal/runtime/z_iface.go

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi"
 )
 
-type Interface = iface
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 type InterfaceType = abi.InterfaceType
 
@@ -30,31 +30,36 @@ var (
 	TyAny = &InterfaceType{}
 )
 
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type Interface = iface
+
 func MakeAnyInt(typ *Type, data uintptr) Interface {
+	tab := &itab{inter: TyAny, _type: typ, hash: 0, fun: [1]uintptr{0}}
 	return Interface{
-		tab:  &itab{inter: TyAny, _type: typ, hash: 0, fun: [1]uintptr{0}},
+		tab: tab, data: unsafe.Pointer(data),
-		data: unsafe.Pointer(data),
 	}
 }
 
 func MakeAnyString(data string) Interface {
+	typ := basicTypes[abi.String]
+	tab := &itab{inter: TyAny, _type: typ, hash: 0, fun: [1]uintptr{0}}
 	return Interface{
-		tab:  &itab{inter: TyAny, _type: Basic(abi.String), hash: 0, fun: [1]uintptr{0}},
+		tab: tab, data: unsafe.Pointer(&data),
-		data: unsafe.Pointer(&data),
 	}
 }
 
 func MakeAny(typ *Type, data unsafe.Pointer) Interface {
+	tab := &itab{inter: TyAny, _type: typ, hash: 0, fun: [1]uintptr{0}}
 	return Interface{
-		tab:  &itab{inter: TyAny, _type: typ, hash: 0, fun: [1]uintptr{0}},
+		tab: tab, data: data,
-		data: data,
 	}
 }
 
 func MakeInterface(inter *InterfaceType, typ *Type, data unsafe.Pointer) Interface {
+	tab := &itab{inter: inter, _type: typ, hash: 0, fun: [1]uintptr{0}}
 	return Interface{
-		tab:  &itab{inter: inter, _type: typ, hash: 0, fun: [1]uintptr{0}},
+		tab: tab, data: data,
-		data: data,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -71,3 +76,5 @@ func CheckI2Int(v Interface, t *Type) (uintptr, bool) {
 	}
 	return 0, false
 }
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

internal/runtime/z_map.go

@@ -16,16 +16,10 @@
 
 package runtime
 
-import "unsafe"
+// Map represents a Go map.
+type Map = hmap
 
-const (
+// MakeSmallMap creates a new small map.
-	LLGoPackage = true
+func MakeSmallMap() *Map {
-)
+	return makemap_small()
-
-//go:linkname Malloc C.malloc
-func Malloc(size uintptr) unsafe.Pointer
-
-// Alloc allocates memory.
-func Alloc(size uintptr) unsafe.Pointer {
-	return Malloc(size)
 }