Merge pull request #155 from xushiwei/q

retract v0.8.0

.gitignore

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ _go/
 _runtime/
 _tinygo/
 build.dir/
+.vscode/
 
 # Test binary, built with `go test -c`
 *.test

README.md

@@ -8,7 +8,51 @@ llgo - A Go compiler based on LLVM
 [![GoDoc](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/github.com/goplus/llgo.svg)](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo)
 [![Language](https://img.shields.io/badge/language-Go+-blue.svg)](https://github.com/goplus/gop)
 
-This is a Go compiler based on LLVM in order to better integrate Go with the C ecosystem. It's a subproject of [the Go+ project](https://github.com/goplus/gop).
+This is a Go compiler based on LLVM in order to better integrate Go with the C ecosystem including Python. It's a subproject of [the Go+ project](https://github.com/goplus/gop).
+
+## C standard libary support
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import "github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+
+func main() {
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Hello world\n"))
+}
+```
+
+This is a simple example of calling the C `printf` function to print `Hello world`. Here, `c.Str` is not a function for converting a Go string to a C string, but a built-in instruction supported by llgo for generating a C string constant.
+
+See [github.com/goplus/llgo/c](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c) for more detials.
+
+
+## Python support
+
+You can import a Python library in llgo! For example:
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/math"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	x := math.Sqrt(py.Float(2))
+	c.Printf(c.Str("sqrt(2) = %f\n"), x.Float64())
+}
+```
+
+Here, We call `py.Float(2)` to create a Python floating point number 2, and pass it to Python’s `math.sqrt` to get `x`. Then use `x.Float64()` to convert the Python object to Go's `float64` type, and finally we print the value through C `printf`.
+
+
+## Other frequently used libraries
+
+TODO
+
 
 ## How to install
 
@@ -46,11 +90,36 @@ The `_demo` directory contains our demos (it start with `_` to prevent the `go`
 * [qsort](_demo/qsort/qsort.go): call C function with a callback (eg. qsort)
 * [genints](_demo/genints/genints.go): various forms of closure usage (including C function, recv.method and anonymous function)
 * [llama2-c](_demo/llama2-c): inference Llama 2 (It's the first llgo AI example)
-* [hellopy](https://github.com/goplus/cpython/blob/main/_demo/hellopy/hello.go): link Python to Go and say `Hello world`
+
+And the `_pydemo` directory contains python related demos:
+
+* [callpy](_pydemo/callpy/callpy.go): call Python standard library function `math.sqrt`
+
 
 ### How to run demos
 
+To run the demos in directory `_demo`:
+
 ```sh
 cd <demo-directory>  # eg. cd _demo/genints
 llgo run .
 ```
+
+To run the demos in directory `_pydemo`, you need to set the `LLGO_LIB_PYTHON` environment variable first. Assuming you use Python 3.12, and the `libpython3.12.so` (or `libpython3.12.dylib` or `python3.12.lib`) file is in the /foo/bar directory, then you need to set `LLGO_LIB_PYTHON` to:
+
+```sh
+export LLGO_LIB_PYTHON=/foo/bar/python3.12
+```
+
+For example, `/opt/homebrew/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/libpython3.12.dylib` is a typical python lib location under macOS. So we should set it like this:
+
+```sh
+export LLGO_LIB_PYTHON=/opt/homebrew/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/python3.12
+```
+
+Then you can run the demos in directory `_pydemo`:
+
+```sh
+cd <demo-directory>  # eg. cd _pydemo/callpy
+llgo run .
+```

_pydemo/callpy/callpy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/math"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	x := math.Sqrt(py.Float(2))
+	c.Printf(c.Str("sqrt(2) = %f\n"), x.Float64())
+}

c/c.go

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func Memset(s Pointer, c Int, n uintptr) Pointer
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-//go:linkname GoStringData github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData
+//go:linkname GoStringData llgo.stringData
 func GoStringData(string) *Char
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

chore/ardump/ardump.go

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"log"
 	"os"
 
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/ar"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/ar"
 )
 
 func main() {

chore/clangast/clangast.go

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/clang/parser"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/clang/parser"
 )
 
 var (

chore/clangpp/clangpp.go

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/clang/preprocessor"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/clang/preprocessor"
 )
 
 func usage() {

chore/gentests/gentests.go

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ func main() {
 
 	llgenDir(dir + "/cl/_testlibc")
 	llgenDir(dir + "/cl/_testrt")
+	llgenDir(dir+"/cl/_testpy", "")
 	llgenDir(dir+"/cl/_testdata", "")
 }
 

chore/nmdump/nmdump.go

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"log"
 	"os"
 
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/env/llvm"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/env/llvm"
 )
 
 func main() {

chore/nmindex/nmindex.go

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/env/llvm"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/env/llvm"
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/nm"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/nm"
 )
 
 func main() {
@@ -73,6 +73,11 @@ func makeIndex() {
 }
 
 func query(q string) {
+	if len(q) > 0 {
+		if c := q[0]; c != '*' && c != '_' {
+			q = "_" + q
+		}
+	}
 	files, err := nm.Query(indexDir(), q)
 	check(err)
 	for _, f := range files {

cl/_testdata/print/in.go

@@ -13,6 +13,14 @@ func gwrite(b []byte) {
 	c.Printf(c.Str("%s"), b)
 }
 
+func printbool(v bool) {
+	if v {
+		printstring("true")
+	} else {
+		printstring("false")
+	}
+}
+
 func printfloat(v float64) {
 	switch {
 	case v != v:
@@ -177,14 +185,37 @@ func main() {
 	printnl()
 	prinfsub(100.1)
 	printnl()
-	printnum(float32(1e9))
+	printany(float32(1e9))
 	printnl()
-	printnum(float64(2e9))
+	printany(float64(2e9))
+	printnl()
+	var b bool = true
+	if b == true && b != false {
+		println("check bool", b)
+	}
+	n1 := 0b1001
+	n2 := 0b0011
+	println("check &^", n1&^n2 == 0b1000, n2&^n1 == 0b0010)
+	println(true, false, 'a', 'A', rune('中'),
+		int8(1), int16(2), int32(3), int64(4), 5,
+		uint8(1), uint16(2), uint32(3), uint64(4), uintptr(5),
+		"llgo")
+}
+
+func println(args ...any) {
+	for i, v := range args {
+		if i != 0 {
+			printstring(" ")
+		}
+		printany(v)
+	}
 	printnl()
 }
 
-func printnum(v any) {
+func printany(v any) {
 	switch v := v.(type) {
+	case bool:
+		printbool(v)
 	case int:
 		printint(int64(v))
 	case int8:
@@ -211,6 +242,8 @@ func printnum(v any) {
 		printfloat(float64(v))
 	case float64:
 		printfloat(float64(v))
+	case string:
+		printstring(v)
 	}
 }
 

cl/_testdata/print/out.ll

@@ -13,13 +13,19 @@ source_filename = "main"
 @__llgo_argc = global ptr null
 @__llgo_argv = global ptr null
 @1 = private unnamed_addr constant [5 x i8] c"llgo\00", align 1
-@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"NaN\00", align 1
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [11 x i8] c"check bool\00", align 1
-@3 = private unnamed_addr constant [5 x i8] c"+Inf\00", align 1
+@3 = private unnamed_addr constant [9 x i8] c"check &^\00", align 1
-@4 = private unnamed_addr constant [5 x i8] c"-Inf\00", align 1
+@4 = private unnamed_addr constant [5 x i8] c"llgo\00", align 1
-@5 = private unnamed_addr constant [17 x i8] c"0123456789abcdef\00", align 1
+@5 = private unnamed_addr constant [5 x i8] c"true\00", align 1
-@6 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"-\00", align 1
+@6 = private unnamed_addr constant [6 x i8] c"false\00", align 1
-@7 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"\0A\00", align 1
+@7 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"NaN\00", align 1
-@8 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c" \00", align 1
+@8 = private unnamed_addr constant [5 x i8] c"+Inf\00", align 1
+@9 = private unnamed_addr constant [5 x i8] c"-Inf\00", align 1
+@10 = private unnamed_addr constant [17 x i8] c"0123456789abcdef\00", align 1
+@11 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"-\00", align 1
+@12 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c" \00", align 1
+@13 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"\0A\00", align 1
+@14 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c" \00", align 1
 
 define %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @main.bytes(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0) {
 _llgo_0:
@@ -94,13 +100,115 @@ _llgo_0:
   call void @main.printnl()
   %3 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 13)
   %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %3, i64 1315859240)
-  call void @main.printnum(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %4)
+  call void @main.printany(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %4)
   call void @main.printnl()
   %5 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 14)
   %6 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %5, i64 4746175415993761792)
-  call void @main.printnum(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %6)
+  call void @main.printany(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %6)
   call void @main.printnl()
+  br i1 true, label %_llgo_3, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
+  %7 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 32)
+  %8 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %7, i64 0
+  %9 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @2, i64 10)
+  %10 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %9)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %10, ptr %8, align 8
+  %11 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %7, i64 1
+  %12 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 1)
+  %13 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %12, i64 -1)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %13, ptr %11, align 8
+  %14 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %7, i64 16, i64 2, i64 0, i64 2, i64 2)
+  call void @main.println(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %14)
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3, %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  %15 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 48)
+  %16 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %15, i64 0
+  %17 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @3, i64 8)
+  %18 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %17)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %18, ptr %16, align 8
+  %19 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %15, i64 1
+  %20 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 1)
+  %21 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %20, i64 -1)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %21, ptr %19, align 8
+  %22 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %15, i64 2
+  %23 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 1)
+  %24 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %23, i64 -1)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %24, ptr %22, align 8
+  %25 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %15, i64 16, i64 3, i64 0, i64 3, i64 3)
+  call void @main.println(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %25)
+  %26 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 256)
+  %27 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %26, i64 0
+  %28 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 1)
+  %29 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %28, i64 -1)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %29, ptr %27, align 8
+  %30 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %26, i64 1
+  %31 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 1)
+  %32 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %31, i64 0)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %32, ptr %30, align 8
+  %33 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %26, i64 2
+  %34 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 5)
+  %35 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %34, i64 97)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %35, ptr %33, align 8
+  %36 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %26, i64 3
+  %37 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 5)
+  %38 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %37, i64 65)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %38, ptr %36, align 8
+  %39 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %26, i64 4
+  %40 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 5)
+  %41 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %40, i64 20013)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %41, ptr %39, align 8
+  %42 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %26, i64 5
+  %43 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 3)
+  %44 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %43, i64 1)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %44, ptr %42, align 8
+  %45 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %26, i64 6
+  %46 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 4)
+  %47 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %46, i64 2)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %47, ptr %45, align 8
+  %48 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %26, i64 7
+  %49 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 5)
+  %50 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %49, i64 3)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %50, ptr %48, align 8
+  %51 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %26, i64 8
+  %52 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 6)
+  %53 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %52, i64 4)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %53, ptr %51, align 8
+  %54 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %26, i64 9
+  %55 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 2)
+  %56 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %55, i64 5)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %56, ptr %54, align 8
+  %57 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %26, i64 10
+  %58 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 8)
+  %59 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %58, i64 1)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %59, ptr %57, align 8
+  %60 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %26, i64 11
+  %61 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 9)
+  %62 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %61, i64 2)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %62, ptr %60, align 8
+  %63 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %26, i64 12
+  %64 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 10)
+  %65 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %64, i64 3)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %65, ptr %63, align 8
+  %66 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %26, i64 13
+  %67 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 11)
+  %68 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %67, i64 4)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %68, ptr %66, align 8
+  %69 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %26, i64 14
+  %70 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 12)
+  %71 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %70, i64 5)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %71, ptr %69, align 8
+  %72 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %26, i64 15
+  %73 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @4, i64 4)
+  %74 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %73)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %74, ptr %72, align 8
+  %75 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %26, i64 16, i64 16, i64 0, i64 16, i64 16)
+  call void @main.println(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %75)
   ret void
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  br i1 true, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
 }
 
 define void @main.prinfsub(double %0) {
@@ -117,18 +225,223 @@ _llgo_0:
   ret void
 }
 
+define void @main.printany(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 1)
+  %2 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %1)
+  %3 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %2, 0
+  %4 = trunc i64 %3 to i1
+  %5 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %2, 1
+  br i1 %5, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_30, %_llgo_29, %_llgo_28, %_llgo_26, %_llgo_24, %_llgo_22, %_llgo_20, %_llgo_18, %_llgo_16, %_llgo_14, %_llgo_12, %_llgo_10, %_llgo_8, %_llgo_6, %_llgo_4, %_llgo_2
+  ret void
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  call void @main.printbool(i1 %4)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %6 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 2)
+  %7 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %6)
+  %8 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %7, 0
+  %9 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %7, 1
+  br i1 %9, label %_llgo_4, label %_llgo_5
+
+_llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
+  call void @main.printint(i64 %8)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_5:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
+  %10 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 3)
+  %11 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %10)
+  %12 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %11, 0
+  %13 = trunc i64 %12 to i8
+  %14 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %11, 1
+  br i1 %14, label %_llgo_6, label %_llgo_7
+
+_llgo_6:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_5
+  %15 = sext i8 %13 to i64
+  call void @main.printint(i64 %15)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_7:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_5
+  %16 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 4)
+  %17 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %16)
+  %18 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %17, 0
+  %19 = trunc i64 %18 to i16
+  %20 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %17, 1
+  br i1 %20, label %_llgo_8, label %_llgo_9
+
+_llgo_8:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_7
+  %21 = sext i16 %19 to i64
+  call void @main.printint(i64 %21)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_9:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_7
+  %22 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 5)
+  %23 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %22)
+  %24 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %23, 0
+  %25 = trunc i64 %24 to i32
+  %26 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %23, 1
+  br i1 %26, label %_llgo_10, label %_llgo_11
+
+_llgo_10:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_9
+  %27 = sext i32 %25 to i64
+  call void @main.printint(i64 %27)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_11:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_9
+  %28 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 6)
+  %29 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %28)
+  %30 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %29, 0
+  %31 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %29, 1
+  br i1 %31, label %_llgo_12, label %_llgo_13
+
+_llgo_12:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_11
+  call void @main.printint(i64 %30)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_13:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_11
+  %32 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 7)
+  %33 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %32)
+  %34 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %33, 0
+  %35 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %33, 1
+  br i1 %35, label %_llgo_14, label %_llgo_15
+
+_llgo_14:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_13
+  call void @main.printuint(i64 %34)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_15:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_13
+  %36 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 8)
+  %37 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %36)
+  %38 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %37, 0
+  %39 = trunc i64 %38 to i8
+  %40 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %37, 1
+  br i1 %40, label %_llgo_16, label %_llgo_17
+
+_llgo_16:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_15
+  %41 = sext i8 %39 to i64
+  call void @main.printuint(i64 %41)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_17:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_15
+  %42 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 9)
+  %43 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %42)
+  %44 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %43, 0
+  %45 = trunc i64 %44 to i16
+  %46 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %43, 1
+  br i1 %46, label %_llgo_18, label %_llgo_19
+
+_llgo_18:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_17
+  %47 = sext i16 %45 to i64
+  call void @main.printuint(i64 %47)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_19:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_17
+  %48 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 10)
+  %49 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %48)
+  %50 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %49, 0
+  %51 = trunc i64 %50 to i32
+  %52 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %49, 1
+  br i1 %52, label %_llgo_20, label %_llgo_21
+
+_llgo_20:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_19
+  %53 = sext i32 %51 to i64
+  call void @main.printuint(i64 %53)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_21:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_19
+  %54 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 11)
+  %55 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %54)
+  %56 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %55, 0
+  %57 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %55, 1
+  br i1 %57, label %_llgo_22, label %_llgo_23
+
+_llgo_22:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_21
+  call void @main.printuint(i64 %56)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_23:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_21
+  %58 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 12)
+  %59 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %58)
+  %60 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %59, 0
+  %61 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %59, 1
+  br i1 %61, label %_llgo_24, label %_llgo_25
+
+_llgo_24:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_23
+  call void @main.printuint(i64 %60)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_25:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_23
+  %62 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 13)
+  %63 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %62)
+  %64 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %63, 0
+  %65 = trunc i64 %64 to i32
+  %66 = bitcast i32 %65 to float
+  %67 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %63, 1
+  br i1 %67, label %_llgo_26, label %_llgo_27
+
+_llgo_26:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_25
+  %68 = fpext float %66 to double
+  call void @main.printfloat(double %68)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_27:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_25
+  %69 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 14)
+  %70 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %69)
+  %71 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %70, 0
+  %72 = bitcast i64 %71 to double
+  %73 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %70, 1
+  br i1 %73, label %_llgo_28, label %_llgo_29
+
+_llgo_28:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_27
+  call void @main.printfloat(double %72)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_29:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_27
+  %74 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 24)
+  %75 = call { %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2String"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %74)
+  %76 = extractvalue { %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", i1 } %75, 0
+  %77 = extractvalue { %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", i1 } %75, 1
+  br i1 %77, label %_llgo_30, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_30:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_29
+  call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %76)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+}
+
+define void @main.printbool(i1 %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %1 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @5, i64 4)
+  call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1)
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3, %_llgo_1
+  ret void
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %2 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @6, i64 5)
+  call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2)
+  br label %_llgo_2
+}
+
 define void @main.printfloat(double %0) {
 _llgo_0:
   %1 = fcmp one double %0, %0
   br i1 %1, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_3
 
 _llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
-  %2 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @2, i64 3)
+  %2 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @7, i64 3)
   call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2)
   ret void
 
 _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_7
-  %3 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @3, i64 4)
+  %3 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @8, i64 4)
   call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %3)
   ret void
 
@@ -138,7 +451,7 @@ _llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
   br i1 %5, label %_llgo_6, label %_llgo_7
 
 _llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_10
-  %6 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @4, i64 4)
+  %6 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @9, i64 4)
   call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %6)
   ret void
 
@@ -310,8 +623,8 @@ _llgo_0:
 
 _llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
   %2 = urem i64 %14, 16
-  %3 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @5, i64 16)
+  %3 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @10, i64 16)
-  %4 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %3)
+  %4 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %3, 0
   %5 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %4, i64 %2
   %6 = load i8, ptr %5, align 1
   %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %1, i64 %15
@@ -354,7 +667,7 @@ _llgo_0:
   br i1 %1, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
 
 _llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
-  %2 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @6, i64 1)
+  %2 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @11, i64 1)
   call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2)
   %3 = sub i64 0, %0
   br label %_llgo_2
@@ -365,165 +678,48 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
   ret void
 }
 
+define void @main.println(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %1 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_5, %_llgo_0
+  %2 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_0 ], [ %3, %_llgo_5 ]
+  %3 = add i64 %2, 1
+  %4 = icmp slt i64 %3, %1
+  br i1 %4, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %5 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0)
+  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %5, i64 %3
+  %7 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %6, align 8
+  %8 = icmp ne i64 %3, 0
+  br i1 %8, label %_llgo_4, label %_llgo_5
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  call void @main.printnl()
+  ret void
+
+_llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2
+  %9 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @12, i64 1)
+  call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %9)
+  br label %_llgo_5
+
+_llgo_5:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_4, %_llgo_2
+  call void @main.printany(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %7)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+}
+
 define void @main.printnl() {
 _llgo_0:
-  %0 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @7, i64 1)
+  %0 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @13, i64 1)
   call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0)
   ret void
 }
 
-define void @main.printnum(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0) {
-_llgo_0:
-  %1 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 2)
-  %2 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %1)
-  %3 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %2, 0
-  %4 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %2, 1
-  br i1 %4, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_3
-
-_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_26, %_llgo_25, %_llgo_24, %_llgo_22, %_llgo_20, %_llgo_18, %_llgo_16, %_llgo_14, %_llgo_12, %_llgo_10, %_llgo_8, %_llgo_6, %_llgo_4, %_llgo_2
-  ret void
-
-_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
-  call void @main.printint(i64 %3)
-  br label %_llgo_1
-
-_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
-  %5 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 3)
-  %6 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %5)
-  %7 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %6, 0
-  %8 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %6, 1
-  br i1 %8, label %_llgo_4, label %_llgo_5
-
-_llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
-  call void @main.printint(i64 %7)
-  br label %_llgo_1
-
-_llgo_5:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
-  %9 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 4)
-  %10 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %9)
-  %11 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %10, 0
-  %12 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %10, 1
-  br i1 %12, label %_llgo_6, label %_llgo_7
-
-_llgo_6:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_5
-  call void @main.printint(i64 %11)
-  br label %_llgo_1
-
-_llgo_7:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_5
-  %13 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 5)
-  %14 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %13)
-  %15 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %14, 0
-  %16 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %14, 1
-  br i1 %16, label %_llgo_8, label %_llgo_9
-
-_llgo_8:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_7
-  call void @main.printint(i64 %15)
-  br label %_llgo_1
-
-_llgo_9:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_7
-  %17 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 6)
-  %18 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %17)
-  %19 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %18, 0
-  %20 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %18, 1
-  br i1 %20, label %_llgo_10, label %_llgo_11
-
-_llgo_10:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_9
-  call void @main.printint(i64 %19)
-  br label %_llgo_1
-
-_llgo_11:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_9
-  %21 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 7)
-  %22 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %21)
-  %23 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %22, 0
-  %24 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %22, 1
-  br i1 %24, label %_llgo_12, label %_llgo_13
-
-_llgo_12:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_11
-  call void @main.printuint(i64 %23)
-  br label %_llgo_1
-
-_llgo_13:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_11
-  %25 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 8)
-  %26 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %25)
-  %27 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %26, 0
-  %28 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %26, 1
-  br i1 %28, label %_llgo_14, label %_llgo_15
-
-_llgo_14:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_13
-  call void @main.printuint(i64 %27)
-  br label %_llgo_1
-
-_llgo_15:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_13
-  %29 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 9)
-  %30 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %29)
-  %31 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %30, 0
-  %32 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %30, 1
-  br i1 %32, label %_llgo_16, label %_llgo_17
-
-_llgo_16:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_15
-  call void @main.printuint(i64 %31)
-  br label %_llgo_1
-
-_llgo_17:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_15
-  %33 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 10)
-  %34 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %33)
-  %35 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %34, 0
-  %36 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %34, 1
-  br i1 %36, label %_llgo_18, label %_llgo_19
-
-_llgo_18:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_17
-  call void @main.printuint(i64 %35)
-  br label %_llgo_1
-
-_llgo_19:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_17
-  %37 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 11)
-  %38 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %37)
-  %39 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %38, 0
-  %40 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %38, 1
-  br i1 %40, label %_llgo_20, label %_llgo_21
-
-_llgo_20:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_19
-  call void @main.printuint(i64 %39)
-  br label %_llgo_1
-
-_llgo_21:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_19
-  %41 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 12)
-  %42 = call { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %41)
-  %43 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %42, 0
-  %44 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %42, 1
-  br i1 %44, label %_llgo_22, label %_llgo_23
-
-_llgo_22:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_21
-  call void @main.printuint(i64 %43)
-  br label %_llgo_1
-
-_llgo_23:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_21
-  %45 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 13)
-  %46 = call { float, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Float32"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %45)
-  %47 = extractvalue { float, i1 } %46, 0
-  %48 = extractvalue { float, i1 } %46, 1
-  br i1 %48, label %_llgo_24, label %_llgo_25
-
-_llgo_24:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_23
-  %49 = fpext float %47 to double
-  call void @main.printfloat(double %49)
-  br label %_llgo_1
-
-_llgo_25:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_23
-  %50 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 14)
-  %51 = call { double, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Float64"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %0, ptr %50)
-  %52 = extractvalue { double, i1 } %51, 0
-  %53 = extractvalue { double, i1 } %51, 1
-  br i1 %53, label %_llgo_26, label %_llgo_1
-
-_llgo_26:                                         ; preds = %_llgo_25
-  call void @main.printfloat(double %52)
-  br label %_llgo_1
-}
-
 define void @main.printsp() {
 _llgo_0:
-  %0 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @8, i64 1)
+  %0 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @14, i64 1)
   call void @main.printstring(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0)
   ret void
 }
@@ -599,12 +795,12 @@ declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64)
 
 declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr, i64)
 
-declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr, i64, i64, i64, i64, i64)
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
 
-declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr, i64, i64, i64, i64, i64)
 
 declare { i64, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr)
 
-declare { float, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Float32"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr)
+declare { %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2String"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr)
 
-declare { double, i1 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CheckI2Float64"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr)
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice")

cl/_testlibc/sqlite/out.ll

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ _llgo_0:
   br i1 %1, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
 
 _llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
-  %2 = call ptr @sqlite3_errstr()
+  %2 = call ptr @sqlite3_errstr(i32 %0)
   %3 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i32 %0, ptr %2)
   call void @exit(i32 1)
   br label %_llgo_2
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ _llgo_0:
   %3 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %2, 0
   %4 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %2, 1
   call void @main.check(i32 %4)
-  %5 = call i32 @sqlite3_close()
+  %5 = call i32 @sqlite3_close(ptr %3)
   ret void
 }
 
-declare ptr @sqlite3_errstr()
+declare ptr @sqlite3_errstr(i32)
 
 declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)
 
@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@ declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
 
 declare { ptr, i32 } @"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/sqlite.OpenV2"(ptr, i32, ptr)
 
-declare i32 @sqlite3_close()
+declare i32 @sqlite3_close(ptr)

cl/_testpy/callpy/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/math"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/os"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	x := math.Sqrt(py.Float(2))
+	wd := os.Getcwd()
+	c.Printf(c.Str("sqrt(2) = %f\n"), x.Float64())
+	c.Printf(c.Str("cwd = %s\n"), wd.CStr())
+}

cl/_testpy/callpy/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@__llgo_py.math.sqrt = linkonce global ptr null
+@__llgo_py.os.getcwd = linkonce global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [14 x i8] c"sqrt(2) = %f\0A\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [10 x i8] c"cwd = %s\0A\00", align 1
+@__llgo_py.math = external global ptr
+@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [5 x i8] c"sqrt\00", align 1
+@__llgo_py.os = external global ptr
+@3 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"getcwd\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/math.init"()
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/os.init"()
+  %1 = load ptr, ptr @__llgo_py.math, align 8
+  call void (ptr, ...) @llgoLoadPyModSyms(ptr %1, ptr @2, ptr @__llgo_py.math.sqrt, ptr null)
+  %2 = load ptr, ptr @__llgo_py.os, align 8
+  call void (ptr, ...) @llgoLoadPyModSyms(ptr %2, ptr @3, ptr @__llgo_py.os.getcwd, ptr null)
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  call void @Py_Initialize()
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call ptr @PyFloat_FromDouble(double 2.000000e+00)
+  %3 = load ptr, ptr @__llgo_py.math.sqrt, align 8
+  %4 = call ptr @PyObject_CallOneArg(ptr %3, ptr %2)
+  %5 = load ptr, ptr @__llgo_py.os.getcwd, align 8
+  %6 = call ptr @PyObject_CallNoArgs(ptr %5)
+  %7 = call double @PyFloat_AsDouble(ptr %4)
+  %8 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, double %7)
+  %9 = call ptr @PyBytes_AsString(ptr %6)
+  %10 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @1, ptr %9)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/math.init"()
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/os.init"()
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @PyFloat_FromDouble(double)
+
+declare ptr @PyObject_CallOneArg(ptr, ptr)
+
+declare ptr @PyObject_CallNoArgs(ptr)
+
+declare double @PyFloat_AsDouble(ptr)
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)
+
+declare ptr @PyBytes_AsString(ptr)
+
+declare void @llgoLoadPyModSyms(ptr, ...)
+
+declare void @Py_Initialize()

cl/_testpy/math/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package math
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "py.math"
+)
+
+//go:linkname Sqrt py.sqrt
+func Sqrt(x *py.Object) *py.Object

cl/_testpy/math/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+; ModuleID = 'math'
+source_filename = "math"
+
+@__llgo_py.math.sqrt = external global ptr
+@"math.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_py.math = linkonce global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [5 x i8] c"math\00", align 1
+
+define void @math.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"math.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"math.init$guard", align 1
+  %1 = load ptr, ptr @__llgo_py.math, align 8
+  %2 = icmp ne ptr %1, null
+  br i1 %2, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_3
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3, %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
+  %3 = call ptr @PyImport_ImportModule(ptr @0)
+  store ptr %3, ptr @__llgo_py.math, align 8
+  br label %_llgo_2
+}
+
+declare ptr @PyImport_ImportModule(ptr)

cl/_testrt/allocstr/out.ll

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ _llgo_0:
   call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
   %2 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @main.hello()
-  %3 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2)
+  %3 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2, 1
   %4 = add i64 %3, 1
   %5 = alloca i8, i64 %4, align 1
   %6 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CStrCopy"(ptr %5, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2)
@@ -46,8 +46,6 @@ declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/ll
 
 declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
 
-declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
-
 declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CStrCopy"(ptr, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
 
 declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/builtin/out.ll

@@ -131,14 +131,14 @@ _llgo_0:
   %60 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @0, i64 5)
   call void @main.string_len(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %60)
   %61 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @1, i64 5)
-  %62 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %61)
+  %62 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %61, 1
   %63 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewStringSlice"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %61, i64 1, i64 %62)
   call void @main.string_len(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %63)
   %64 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @2, i64 5)
   %65 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewStringSlice"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %64, i64 1, i64 2)
   call void @main.string_len(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %65)
   %66 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @3, i64 5)
-  %67 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %66)
+  %67 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %66, 1
   %68 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewStringSlice"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %66, i64 5, i64 %67)
   call void @main.string_len(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %68)
   ret void
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ _llgo_0:
 
 define void @main.string_len(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0) {
 _llgo_0:
-  %1 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0)
+  %1 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %0, 1
   call void @main.out(i64 %1)
   ret void
 }
@@ -171,8 +171,6 @@ declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.SliceData"(%"github.com/go
 
 declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr, i64)
 
-declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
-
 declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewStringSlice"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", i64, i64)
 
 declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/concat/out.ll

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ _llgo_0:
   %9 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %2, i64 16, i64 3, i64 0, i64 3, i64 3)
   %10 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @main.concat(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %9)
   %11 = load ptr, ptr @__stderrp, align 8
-  %12 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %10)
+  %12 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %10, 1
   %13 = add i64 %12, 1
   %14 = alloca i8, i64 %13, align 1
   %15 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CStrCopy"(ptr %14, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %10)
@@ -103,8 +103,6 @@ declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
 
 declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr, i64, i64, i64, i64, i64)
 
-declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
-
 declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.CStrCopy"(ptr, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
 
 declare i32 @fprintf(ptr, ptr, ...)

cl/_testrt/index/out.ll

@@ -119,12 +119,12 @@ _llgo_0:
   %61 = load i64, ptr %60, align 4
   %62 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @3, i64 %61)
   %63 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @5, i64 6)
-  %64 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %63)
+  %64 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %63, 0
   %65 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %64, i64 2
   %66 = load i8, ptr %65, align 1
   %67 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @4, i8 %66)
   %68 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @7, i64 6)
-  %69 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %68)
+  %69 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %68, 0
   %70 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %69, i64 1
   %71 = load i8, ptr %70, align 1
   %72 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @6, i8 %71)
@@ -138,5 +138,3 @@ declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Zeroinit"(ptr, i64)
 declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)
 
 declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr, i64)
-
-declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")

cl/_testrt/named/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package main
+
+import "github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+
+type mSpanList struct {
+	first *mspan
+	last  *mspan
+}
+
+type minfo struct {
+	span *mspan
+	info int
+}
+
+type mspan struct {
+	next  *mspan
+	prev  *mspan
+	list  *mSpanList
+	info  minfo
+	value int
+	check func(int) int
+}
+
+func main() {
+	m := &mspan{}
+	m.value = 100
+	m.next = &mspan{}
+	m.next.value = 200
+	m.list = &mSpanList{}
+	m.list.last = &mspan{}
+	m.list.last.value = 300
+	m.info.info = 10
+	m.info.span = m
+	m.check = func(n int) int {
+		return m.value * n
+	}
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%d %d %d %d %d %d\n"), m.next.value, m.list.last.value, m.info.info,
+		m.info.span.value, m.check(-2), m.info.span.check(-3))
+}

cl/_testrt/named/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+; ModuleID = 'main'
+source_filename = "main"
+
+%main.mspan = type { ptr, ptr, ptr, %main.minfo, i64, { ptr, ptr } }
+%main.minfo = type { ptr, i64 }
+%main.mSpanList = type { ptr, ptr }
+
+@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [19 x i8] c"%d %d %d %d %d %d\0A\00", align 1
+
+define void @main.init() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load i1, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br i1 %0, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @main(i32 %0, ptr %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  store i32 %0, ptr @__llgo_argc, align 4
+  store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+  call void @main.init()
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 8)
+  %3 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 64)
+  store ptr %3, ptr %2, align 8
+  %4 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %4, i32 0, i32 4
+  store i64 100, ptr %5, align 4
+  %6 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8
+  %7 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 64)
+  %8 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %6, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %7, ptr %8, align 8
+  %9 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8
+  %10 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %9, i32 0, i32 0
+  %11 = load ptr, ptr %10, align 8
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %11, i32 0, i32 4
+  store i64 200, ptr %12, align 4
+  %13 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8
+  %14 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 16)
+  %15 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %13, i32 0, i32 2
+  store ptr %14, ptr %15, align 8
+  %16 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8
+  %17 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %16, i32 0, i32 2
+  %18 = load ptr, ptr %17, align 8
+  %19 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 64)
+  %20 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mSpanList, ptr %18, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr %19, ptr %20, align 8
+  %21 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8
+  %22 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %21, i32 0, i32 2
+  %23 = load ptr, ptr %22, align 8
+  %24 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mSpanList, ptr %23, i32 0, i32 1
+  %25 = load ptr, ptr %24, align 8
+  %26 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %25, i32 0, i32 4
+  store i64 300, ptr %26, align 4
+  %27 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8
+  %28 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %27, i32 0, i32 3
+  %29 = getelementptr inbounds %main.minfo, ptr %28, i32 0, i32 1
+  store i64 10, ptr %29, align 4
+  %30 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8
+  %31 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %30, i32 0, i32 3
+  %32 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8
+  %33 = getelementptr inbounds %main.minfo, ptr %31, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %32, ptr %33, align 8
+  %34 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8
+  %35 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocU"(i64 8)
+  %36 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr }, ptr %35, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %2, ptr %36, align 8
+  %37 = alloca { ptr, ptr }, align 8
+  %38 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %37, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @"main.main$1", ptr %38, align 8
+  %39 = getelementptr inbounds { ptr, ptr }, ptr %37, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr %35, ptr %39, align 8
+  %40 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %37, align 8
+  %41 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %34, i32 0, i32 5
+  store { ptr, ptr } %40, ptr %41, align 8
+  %42 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8
+  %43 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %42, i32 0, i32 0
+  %44 = load ptr, ptr %43, align 8
+  %45 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %44, i32 0, i32 4
+  %46 = load i64, ptr %45, align 4
+  %47 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8
+  %48 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %47, i32 0, i32 2
+  %49 = load ptr, ptr %48, align 8
+  %50 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mSpanList, ptr %49, i32 0, i32 1
+  %51 = load ptr, ptr %50, align 8
+  %52 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %51, i32 0, i32 4
+  %53 = load i64, ptr %52, align 4
+  %54 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8
+  %55 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %54, i32 0, i32 3
+  %56 = getelementptr inbounds %main.minfo, ptr %55, i32 0, i32 1
+  %57 = load i64, ptr %56, align 4
+  %58 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8
+  %59 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %58, i32 0, i32 3
+  %60 = getelementptr inbounds %main.minfo, ptr %59, i32 0, i32 0
+  %61 = load ptr, ptr %60, align 8
+  %62 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %61, i32 0, i32 4
+  %63 = load i64, ptr %62, align 4
+  %64 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8
+  %65 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %64, i32 0, i32 5
+  %66 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %65, align 8
+  %67 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %66, 1
+  %68 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %66, 0
+  %69 = call i64 %68(ptr %67, i64 -2)
+  %70 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8
+  %71 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %70, i32 0, i32 3
+  %72 = getelementptr inbounds %main.minfo, ptr %71, i32 0, i32 0
+  %73 = load ptr, ptr %72, align 8
+  %74 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %73, i32 0, i32 5
+  %75 = load { ptr, ptr }, ptr %74, align 8
+  %76 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %75, 1
+  %77 = extractvalue { ptr, ptr } %75, 0
+  %78 = call i64 %77(ptr %76, i64 -3)
+  %79 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %46, i64 %53, i64 %57, i64 %63, i64 %69, i64 %78)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
+
+define i64 @"main.main$1"(ptr %0, i64 %1) {
+_llgo_0:
+  %2 = load { ptr }, ptr %0, align 8
+  %3 = extractvalue { ptr } %2, 0
+  %4 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %main.mspan, ptr %4, i32 0, i32 4
+  %6 = load i64, ptr %5, align 4
+  %7 = mul i64 %6, %1
+  ret i64 %7
+}
+
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocU"(i64)
+
+declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/cltest/cltest.go

@@ -147,11 +147,23 @@ func TestCompileEx(t *testing.T, src any, fname, expected string) {
 		}
 		return rt
 	})
+	prog.SetPython(func() *types.Package {
+		rt, err := imp.Import(llssa.PkgPython)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal("load python failed:", err)
+		}
+		return rt
+	})
 
 	ret, err := cl.NewPackage(prog, foo, files)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal("cl.NewPackage failed:", err)
 	}
+
+	if prog.NeedPyInit { // call PyInit if needed
+		ret.PyInit()
+	}
+
 	if v := ret.String(); v != expected {
 		t.Fatalf("\n==> got:\n%s\n==> expected:\n%s\n", v, expected)
 	}

cl/compile.go

@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ type instrOrValue interface {
 const (
 	PkgNormal = iota
 	PkgLLGo
+	PkgPyModule   // py.<module>
 	PkgNoInit     // noinit: a package that don't need to be initialized
 	PkgDeclOnly   // decl: a package that only have declarations
 	PkgLinkIR     // link llvm ir (.ll)
@@ -142,6 +143,7 @@ type context struct {
 	goProg *ssa.Program
 	goTyps *types.Package
 	goPkg  *ssa.Package
+	pyMod  string
 	link   map[string]string           // pkgPath.nameInPkg => linkname
 	loaded map[*types.Package]*pkgInfo // loaded packages
 	bvals  map[ssa.Value]llssa.Expr    // block values
@@ -174,7 +176,7 @@ func (p *context) compileMethods(pkg llssa.Package, typ types.Type) {
 	for i, n := 0, mthds.Len(); i < n; i++ {
 		mthd := mthds.At(i)
 		if ssaMthd := prog.MethodValue(mthd); ssaMthd != nil {
-			p.compileFuncDecl(pkg, ssaMthd)
+			p.compileFuncDecl(pkg, ssaMthd, false)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -209,14 +211,19 @@ var (
 	argvTy = types.NewPointer(types.NewPointer(types.Typ[types.Int8]))
 )
 
-func (p *context) compileFuncDecl(pkg llssa.Package, f *ssa.Function) llssa.Function {
+func (p *context) compileFuncDecl(pkg llssa.Package, f *ssa.Function, call bool) (llssa.Function, llssa.PyObjRef, int) {
 	pkgTypes, name, ftype := p.funcName(f, true)
 	if ftype != goFunc {
-		return nil
+		if ftype == pyFunc {
+			// TODO(xsw): pyMod == ""
+			fnName := pysymPrefix + p.pyMod + "." + name
+			return nil, pkg.NewPyFunc(fnName, f.Signature, call), pyFunc
+		}
+		return nil, nil, ignoredFunc
 	}
 	fn := pkg.FuncOf(name)
 	if fn != nil && fn.HasBody() {
-		return fn
+		return fn, nil, goFunc
 	}
 
 	var sig = f.Signature
@@ -262,21 +269,34 @@ func (p *context) compileFuncDecl(pkg llssa.Package, f *ssa.Function) llssa.Func
 				off[i] = p.compilePhis(b, block)
 			}
 			for i, block := range f.Blocks {
-				p.compileBlock(b, block, off[i], i == 0 && name == "main")
+				doMainInit := (i == 0 && name == "main")
+				doModInit := (i == 1 && f.Name() == "init" && sig.Recv() == nil)
+				p.compileBlock(b, block, off[i], doMainInit, doModInit)
 			}
 			for _, phi := range p.phis {
 				phi()
 			}
 		})
 	}
-	return fn
+	return fn, nil, goFunc
 }
 
 // funcOf returns a function by name and set ftype = goFunc, cFunc, etc.
 // or returns nil and set ftype = llgoCstr, llgoAlloca, llgoUnreachable, etc.
-func (p *context) funcOf(fn *ssa.Function) (ret llssa.Function, ftype int) {
+func (p *context) funcOf(fn *ssa.Function) (aFn llssa.Function, pyFn llssa.PyObjRef, ftype int) {
-	_, name, ftype := p.funcName(fn, false)
+	pkgTypes, name, ftype := p.funcName(fn, false)
-	if ftype == llgoInstr {
+	switch ftype {
+	case pyFunc:
+		if kind, mod := pkgKindByScope(pkgTypes.Scope()); kind == PkgPyModule {
+			pkg := p.pkg
+			fnName := pysymPrefix + mod + "." + name
+			if pyFn = pkg.PyObjOf(fnName); pyFn == nil {
+				pyFn = pkg.NewPyFunc(fnName, fn.Signature, true)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		ftype = ignoredFunc
+	case llgoInstr:
 		switch name {
 		case "cstr":
 			ftype = llgoCstr
@@ -288,31 +308,71 @@ func (p *context) funcOf(fn *ssa.Function) (ret llssa.Function, ftype int) {
 			ftype = llgoAlloca
 		case "allocaCStr":
 			ftype = llgoAllocaCStr
+		case "stringData":
+			ftype = llgoStringData
 		case "unreachable":
 			ftype = llgoUnreachable
-		case "bitCastTo64F":
-			ftype = llgoBitCastTo64F
-		case "bitCastTo32F":
-			ftype = llgoBitCastTo32F
 		default:
 			panic("unknown llgo instruction: " + name)
 		}
-	} else {
+	default:
 		pkg := p.pkg
-		if ret = pkg.FuncOf(name); ret == nil && len(fn.FreeVars) == 0 {
+		if aFn = pkg.FuncOf(name); aFn == nil {
+			if len(fn.FreeVars) > 0 {
+				return nil, nil, ignoredFunc
+			}
 			sig := fn.Signature
-			ret = pkg.NewFuncEx(name, sig, llssa.Background(ftype), false)
+			aFn = pkg.NewFuncEx(name, sig, llssa.Background(ftype), false)
 		}
 	}
 	return
 }
 
-func (p *context) compileBlock(b llssa.Builder, block *ssa.BasicBlock, n int, doInit bool) llssa.BasicBlock {
+func modOf(name string) string {
-	ret := p.fn.Block(block.Index)
+	if pos := strings.LastIndexByte(name, '.'); pos > 0 {
+		return name[:pos]
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (p *context) compileBlock(b llssa.Builder, block *ssa.BasicBlock, n int, doMainInit, doModInit bool) llssa.BasicBlock {
+	var last int
+	var pyModInit bool
+	var prog = p.prog
+	var pkg = p.pkg
+	var instrs = block.Instrs[n:]
+	var ret = p.fn.Block(block.Index)
 	b.SetBlock(ret)
-	if doInit {
+	if doModInit {
-		prog := p.prog
+		if pyModInit = p.pyMod != ""; pyModInit {
-		pkg := p.pkg
+			last = len(instrs) - 1
+			instrs = instrs[:last]
+		} else {
+			// TODO(xsw): confirm pyMod don't need to call LoadPyModSyms
+			p.inits = append(p.inits, func() {
+				if objs := pkg.PyObjs(); len(objs) > 0 {
+					mods := make(map[string][]llssa.PyObjRef)
+					for name, obj := range objs {
+						modName := modOf(name)
+						mods[modName] = append(mods[modName], obj)
+					}
+
+					// sort by module name
+					modNames := make([]string, 0, len(mods))
+					for modName := range mods {
+						modNames = append(modNames, modName)
+					}
+					sort.Strings(modNames)
+
+					b.SetBlockEx(ret, llssa.AfterInit)
+					for _, modName := range modNames {
+						objs := mods[modName]
+						b.LoadPyModSyms(modName, objs...)
+					}
+				}
+			})
+		}
+	} else if doMainInit {
 		fn := p.fn
 		argc := pkg.NewVar("__llgo_argc", types.NewPointer(types.Typ[types.Int32]), llssa.InC)
 		argv := pkg.NewVar("__llgo_argv", types.NewPointer(argvTy), llssa.InC)
@@ -323,9 +383,23 @@ func (p *context) compileBlock(b llssa.Builder, block *ssa.BasicBlock, n int, do
 		callRuntimeInit(b, pkg)
 		b.Call(pkg.FuncOf("main.init").Expr)
 	}
-	for _, instr := range block.Instrs[n:] {
+	for _, instr := range instrs {
 		p.compileInstr(b, instr)
 	}
+	if pyModInit {
+		jump := block.Instrs[n+last].(*ssa.Jump)
+		jumpTo := p.jumpTo(jump)
+		modPath := p.pyMod
+		modName := pysymPrefix + modPath
+		modPtr := pkg.NewPyModVar(modName, true).Expr
+		mod := b.Load(modPtr)
+		cond := b.BinOp(token.NEQ, mod, prog.Null(mod.Type))
+		newBlk := p.fn.MakeBlock()
+		b.If(cond, jumpTo, newBlk)
+		b.SetBlock(newBlk)
+		b.Store(modPtr, b.ImportPyMod(modPath))
+		b.Jump(jumpTo)
+	}
 	return ret
 }
 
@@ -334,8 +408,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 func callRuntimeInit(b llssa.Builder, pkg llssa.Package) {
-	sig := types.NewSignatureType(nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, false)
+	fn := pkg.NewFunc(RuntimeInit, llssa.NoArgsNoRet, llssa.InC) // don't need to convert runtime.init
-	fn := pkg.NewFunc(RuntimeInit, sig, llssa.InC) // don't need to convert runtime.init
 	b.Call(fn.Expr)
 }
 
@@ -434,6 +507,15 @@ func (p *context) allocaCStr(b llssa.Builder, args []ssa.Value) (ret llssa.Expr)
 	panic("allocaCStr(s string): invalid arguments")
 }
 
+// func stringData(s string) *int8
+func (p *context) stringData(b llssa.Builder, args []ssa.Value) (ret llssa.Expr) {
+	if len(args) == 1 {
+		s := p.compileValue(b, args[0])
+		return b.StringData(s)
+	}
+	panic("stringData(s string): invalid arguments")
+}
+
 func isPhi(i ssa.Instruction) bool {
 	_, ok := i.(*ssa.Phi)
 	return ok
@@ -441,7 +523,7 @@ func isPhi(i ssa.Instruction) bool {
 
 func (p *context) compilePhis(b llssa.Builder, block *ssa.BasicBlock) int {
 	ret := p.fn.Block(block.Index)
-	b.SetBlock(ret)
+	b.SetBlockEx(ret, llssa.AtEnd)
 	if ninstr := len(block.Instrs); ninstr > 0 {
 		if isPhi(block.Instrs[0]) {
 			n := 1
@@ -510,11 +592,14 @@ func (p *context) compileInstrOrValue(b llssa.Builder, iv instrOrValue, asValue
 				ret = b.BuiltinCall(fn, args...)
 			}
 		case *ssa.Function:
-			fn, ftype := p.compileFunction(cv)
+			aFn, pyFn, ftype := p.compileFunction(cv)
 			switch ftype {
 			case goFunc, cFunc:
 				args := p.compileValues(b, args, kind)
-				ret = b.Call(fn.Expr, args...)
+				ret = b.Call(aFn.Expr, args...)
+			case pyFunc:
+				args := p.compileValues(b, args, kind)
+				ret = b.Call(pyFn.Expr, args...)
 			case llgoCstr:
 				ret = cstr(b, args)
 			case llgoAdvance:
@@ -525,12 +610,10 @@ func (p *context) compileInstrOrValue(b llssa.Builder, iv instrOrValue, asValue
 				ret = p.alloca(b, args)
 			case llgoAllocaCStr:
 				ret = p.allocaCStr(b, args)
+			case llgoStringData:
+				ret = p.stringData(b, args)
 			case llgoUnreachable: // func unreachable()
 				b.Unreachable()
-			case llgoBitCastTo32F:
-				ret = b.BitCast(p.compileValue(b, args[0]), b.Prog.Type(types.Typ[types.Float32], llssa.InGo))
-			case llgoBitCastTo64F:
-				ret = b.BitCast(p.compileValue(b, args[0]), b.Prog.Float64())
 			default:
 				panic("todo")
 			}
@@ -650,6 +733,12 @@ func (p *context) compileInstrOrValue(b llssa.Builder, iv instrOrValue, asValue
 	return ret
 }
 
+func (p *context) jumpTo(v *ssa.Jump) llssa.BasicBlock {
+	fn := p.fn
+	succs := v.Block().Succs
+	return fn.Block(succs[0].Index)
+}
+
 func (p *context) compileInstr(b llssa.Builder, instr ssa.Instruction) {
 	if iv, ok := instr.(instrOrValue); ok {
 		p.compileInstrOrValue(b, iv, false)
@@ -673,9 +762,7 @@ func (p *context) compileInstr(b llssa.Builder, instr ssa.Instruction) {
 		val := p.compileValue(b, v.Val)
 		b.Store(ptr, val)
 	case *ssa.Jump:
-		fn := p.fn
+		jmpb := p.jumpTo(v)
-		succs := v.Block().Succs
-		jmpb := fn.Block(succs[0].Index)
 		b.Jump(jmpb)
 	case *ssa.Return:
 		var results []llssa.Expr
@@ -706,12 +793,13 @@ func (p *context) compileInstr(b llssa.Builder, instr ssa.Instruction) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (p *context) compileFunction(v *ssa.Function) (llssa.Function, int) {
+func (p *context) compileFunction(v *ssa.Function) (goFn llssa.Function, pyFn llssa.PyObjRef, kind int) {
 	// v.Pkg == nil: means auto generated function?
 	if v.Pkg == p.goPkg || v.Pkg == nil {
 		// function in this package
-		if fn := p.compileFuncDecl(p.pkg, v); fn != nil {
+		goFn, pyFn, kind = p.compileFuncDecl(p.pkg, v, true)
-			return fn, goFunc
+		if kind != ignoredFunc {
+			return
 		}
 	}
 	return p.funcOf(v)
@@ -730,8 +818,11 @@ func (p *context) compileValue(b llssa.Builder, v ssa.Value) llssa.Expr {
 			}
 		}
 	case *ssa.Function:
-		fn, _ := p.compileFunction(v)
+		aFn, pyFn, _ := p.compileFunction(v)
-		return fn.Expr
+		if aFn != nil {
+			return aFn.Expr
+		}
+		return pyFn.Expr
 	case *ssa.Global:
 		g := p.varOf(v)
 		return g.Expr
@@ -814,6 +905,7 @@ func NewPackage(prog llssa.Program, pkg *ssa.Package, files []*ast.File) (ret ll
 			types.Unsafe: {kind: PkgDeclOnly}, // TODO(xsw): PkgNoInit or PkgDeclOnly?
 		},
 	}
+	ctx.initPyModule()
 	ctx.initFiles(pkgPath, files)
 	for _, m := range members {
 		member := m.val
@@ -824,7 +916,7 @@ func NewPackage(prog llssa.Program, pkg *ssa.Package, files []*ast.File) (ret ll
 				// Do not try to build generic (non-instantiated) functions.
 				continue
 			}
-			ctx.compileFuncDecl(ret, member)
+			ctx.compileFuncDecl(ret, member, false)
 		case *ssa.Type:
 			ctx.compileType(ret, member)
 		case *ssa.Global:

cl/compile_test.go

@@ -28,8 +28,12 @@ func testCompile(t *testing.T, src, expected string) {
 	cltest.TestCompileEx(t, src, "foo.go", expected)
 }
 
+func TestFromTestpy(t *testing.T) {
+	cltest.FromDir(t, "", "./_testpy", false)
+}
+
 func TestFromTestlibc(t *testing.T) {
-	cltest.FromDir(t, "", "./_testlibc", false)
+	cltest.FromDir(t, "", "./_testlibc", true)
 }
 
 func TestFromTestrt(t *testing.T) {
@@ -44,6 +48,14 @@ func TestSqlite(t *testing.T) {
 	cltest.Pkg(t, "github.com/goplus/llgo/x/sqlite", "../x/sqlite/sqlite.ll")
 }
 
+func TestFromTestpymath(t *testing.T) {
+	cltest.Pkg(t, ssa.PkgPython+"/math", "../py/math/llgo_autogen.ll")
+}
+
+func TestPython(t *testing.T) {
+	cltest.Pkg(t, ssa.PkgPython, "../py/llgo_autogen.ll")
+}
+
 func TestRuntime(t *testing.T) {
 	cltest.Pkg(t, ssa.PkgRuntime, "../internal/runtime/llgo_autogen.ll")
 }

cl/import.go

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa"
 )
 
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 type symInfo struct {
 	file     string
 	fullName string
@@ -101,6 +103,8 @@ func pkgKind(v string) (int, string) {
 		//	return PkgLinkBitCode
 		if strings.HasPrefix(v, "link:") { // "link: <libpath>"
 			return PkgLinkExtern, v[5:]
+		} else if strings.HasPrefix(v, "py.") { // "py.<module>"
+			return PkgPyModule, v[3:]
 		}
 	}
 	return PkgLLGo, ""
@@ -210,7 +214,7 @@ func (p *context) initLink(line string, prefix int, f func(inPkgName string) (fu
 			} else {
 				panic(line + ": no specified call convention. eg. //go:linkname Printf C.printf")
 			}
-		} else {
+		} else if c := inPkgName[0]; c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' {
 			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "==>", line)
 			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "llgo: linkname %s not found and ignored\n", inPkgName)
 		}
@@ -303,6 +307,7 @@ const (
 	ignoredFunc = iota
 	goFunc      = int(llssa.InGo)
 	cFunc       = int(llssa.InC)
+	pyFunc      = int(llssa.InPython)
 	llgoInstr   = -1
 
 	llgoInstrBase   = 0x80
@@ -312,8 +317,7 @@ const (
 	llgoAllocaCStr  = llgoInstrBase + 3
 	llgoAdvance     = llgoInstrBase + 4
 	llgoIndex       = llgoInstrBase + 5
-	llgoBitCastTo32F = llgoInstrBase + 6
+	llgoStringData  = llgoInstrBase + 6
-	llgoBitCastTo64F = llgoInstrBase + 7
 )
 
 func (p *context) funcName(fn *ssa.Function, ignore bool) (*types.Package, string, int) {
@@ -339,6 +343,9 @@ func (p *context) funcName(fn *ssa.Function, ignore bool) (*types.Package, strin
 		if strings.HasPrefix(v, "C.") {
 			return nil, v[2:], cFunc
 		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(v, "py.") {
+			return pkg, v[3:], pyFunc
+		}
 		if strings.HasPrefix(v, "llgo.") {
 			return nil, v[5:], llgoInstr
 		}
@@ -391,3 +398,17 @@ func pkgKindByPath(pkgPath string) int {
 	}
 	return PkgNormal
 }
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const (
+	pysymPrefix = "__llgo_py."
+)
+
+func (p *context) initPyModule() {
+	if kind, mod := pkgKindByScope(p.goTyps.Scope()); kind == PkgPyModule {
+		p.pyMod = mod
+	}
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

go.mod

@@ -18,3 +18,5 @@ require (
 	golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 // indirect
 )
+
+retract v0.8.0

internal/ar/ar.go

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	wasm "github.com/aykevl/go-wasm"
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/ar"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/ar"
 )
 
 // Create creates an arcive for static linking from a list of object files

internal/build/build.go

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa"
 
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl"
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/clang"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/clang"
 
 	llssa "github.com/goplus/llgo/ssa"
 )
@@ -120,18 +120,31 @@ func Do(args []string, conf *Config) {
 		cl.SetDebug(cl.DbgFlagAll)
 	}
 
+	var needRt bool
 	var rt []*packages.Package
 	prog := llssa.NewProgram(nil)
-	prog.SetRuntime(func() *types.Package {
+	load := func() []*packages.Package {
-		rt, err = packages.Load(cfg, llssa.PkgRuntime)
+		if rt == nil {
+			var err error
+			rt, err = packages.Load(cfg, llssa.PkgRuntime, llssa.PkgPython)
 			check(err)
+		}
+		return rt
+	}
+	prog.SetRuntime(func() *types.Package {
+		needRt = true
+		rt := load()
 		return rt[0].Types
 	})
+	prog.SetPython(func() *types.Package {
+		rt := load()
+		return rt[1].Types
+	})
 
 	pkgs := buildAllPkgs(prog, initial, mode, verbose)
 
 	var runtimeFiles []string
-	if rt != nil {
+	if needRt {
 		runtimeFiles = allLinkFiles(rt)
 	}
 	if mode != ModeBuild {
@@ -147,12 +160,22 @@ func Do(args []string, conf *Config) {
 	}
 }
 
-func setNeedRuntime(pkg *packages.Package) {
+func setNeedRuntimeOrPyInit(pkg *packages.Package, needRuntime, needPyInit bool) {
-	pkg.ID = "" // just use pkg.Module to mark it needs runtime
+	v := []byte{'0', '0'}
+	if needRuntime {
+		v[0] = '1'
+	}
+	if needPyInit {
+		v[1] = '1'
+	}
+	pkg.ID = string(v) // just use pkg.ID to mark it needs runtime
 }
 
-func isNeedRuntime(pkg *packages.Package) bool {
+func isNeedRuntimeOrPyInit(pkg *packages.Package) (needRuntime, needPyInit bool) {
-	return pkg.ID == ""
+	if len(pkg.ID) == 2 {
+		return pkg.ID[0] == '1', pkg.ID[1] == '1'
+	}
+	return
 }
 
 func buildAllPkgs(prog llssa.Program, initial []*packages.Package, mode Mode, verbose bool) (pkgs []*aPackage) {
@@ -172,28 +195,29 @@ func buildAllPkgs(prog llssa.Program, initial []*packages.Package, mode Mode, ve
 			// skip packages that only contain declarations
 			// and set no export file
 			pkg.ExportFile = ""
-		case cl.PkgLinkIR:
+		case cl.PkgLinkIR, cl.PkgLinkExtern, cl.PkgPyModule:
-			// skip packages that don't need to be compiled but need to be linked
 			pkgPath := pkg.PkgPath
 			if isPkgInLLGo(pkgPath) {
 				pkg.ExportFile = concatPkgLinkFiles(pkgPath)
 			} else {
 				panic("todo")
 			}
-		case cl.PkgLinkExtern:
+			if kind == cl.PkgLinkExtern { // need to be linked with external library
-			// skip packages that don't need to be compiled but need to be linked with external library
 				linkFile := os.ExpandEnv(strings.TrimSpace(param))
 				dir, lib := filepath.Split(linkFile)
 				command := " -l " + lib
 				if dir != "" {
 					command += " -L " + dir
 				}
-			pkg.ExportFile = command
+				if isMultiLinkFiles(pkg.ExportFile) {
+					pkg.ExportFile = command + pkg.ExportFile
+				} else {
+					pkg.ExportFile = command + " " + pkg.ExportFile
+				}
+			}
 		default:
 			buildPkg(prog, aPkg, mode, verbose)
-			if prog.NeedRuntime() {
+			setNeedRuntimeOrPyInit(pkg, prog.NeedRuntime, prog.NeedPyInit)
-				setNeedRuntime(pkg)
-			}
 		}
 	}
 	return
@@ -212,27 +236,43 @@ func linkMainPkg(pkg *packages.Package, pkgs []*aPackage, runtimeFiles []string,
 	args[1] = app
 	args[2] = "-Wno-override-module"
 	needRuntime := false
+	needPyInit := false
 	packages.Visit([]*packages.Package{pkg}, nil, func(p *packages.Package) {
 		if p.ExportFile != "" && !isRuntimePkg(p.PkgPath) { // skip packages that only contain declarations
 			args = appendLinkFiles(args, p.ExportFile)
+			need1, need2 := isNeedRuntimeOrPyInit(p)
 			if !needRuntime {
-				needRuntime = isNeedRuntime(p)
+				needRuntime = need1
+			}
+			if !needPyInit {
+				needPyInit = need2
 			}
 		}
 	})
-	if needRuntime && runtimeFiles != nil {
+
-		args = append(args, runtimeFiles...)
+	var aPkg *aPackage
-	} else {
+	for _, v := range pkgs {
-		for _, aPkg := range pkgs {
+		if v.Package == pkg { // found this package
-			if aPkg.Package == pkg { // make empty runtime.init if no runtime needed
+			aPkg = v
-				lpkg := aPkg.LPkg
-				lpkg.FuncOf(cl.RuntimeInit).MakeBody(1).Return()
-				if needLLFile(mode) {
-					os.WriteFile(pkg.ExportFile, []byte(lpkg.String()), 0644)
-				}
 			break
 		}
 	}
+
+	dirty := false
+	if needRuntime && runtimeFiles != nil {
+		args = append(args, runtimeFiles...)
+	} else {
+		dirty = true
+		fn := aPkg.LPkg.FuncOf(cl.RuntimeInit)
+		fn.MakeBody(1).Return()
+	}
+	if needPyInit {
+		dirty = aPkg.LPkg.PyInit()
+	}
+
+	if dirty && needLLFile(mode) {
+		lpkg := aPkg.LPkg
+		os.WriteFile(pkg.ExportFile, []byte(lpkg.String()), 0644)
 	}
 
 	if verbose || mode != ModeRun {

internal/llgen/llgen.go

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa/ssautil"
 
 	llssa "github.com/goplus/llgo/ssa"
+	cpackages "golang.org/x/tools/go/packages"
 )
 
 func Init() {
@@ -71,14 +72,17 @@ func Gen(pkgPath, inFile string, src any) string {
 	}
 
 	prog := llssa.NewProgram(nil)
-	prog.SetRuntime(func() *types.Package {
+	initRtAndPy(prog, &cpackages.Config{
-		rt, err := imp.Import(llssa.PkgRuntime)
+		Mode: loadSyntax | cpackages.NeedDeps,
-		check(err)
-		return rt
 	})
+
 	ret, err := cl.NewPackage(prog, ssaPkg, files)
 	check(err)
 
+	if prog.NeedPyInit { // call PyInit if needed
+		ret.PyInit()
+	}
+
 	return ret.String()
 }
 

internal/llgen/llgenf.go

@@ -38,6 +38,27 @@ const (
 	loadSyntax  = loadTypes | packages.NeedSyntax | packages.NeedTypesInfo
 )
 
+func initRtAndPy(prog llssa.Program, cfg *packages.Config) {
+	var pkgRtAndPy []*packages.Package
+	load := func() []*packages.Package {
+		if pkgRtAndPy == nil {
+			var err error
+			pkgRtAndPy, err = packages.Load(cfg, llssa.PkgRuntime, llssa.PkgPython)
+			check(err)
+		}
+		return pkgRtAndPy
+	}
+
+	prog.SetRuntime(func() *types.Package {
+		rt := load()
+		return rt[0].Types
+	})
+	prog.SetPython(func() *types.Package {
+		rt := load()
+		return rt[1].Types
+	})
+}
+
 func GenFrom(fileOrPkg string) string {
 	cfg := &packages.Config{
 		Mode: loadSyntax | packages.NeedDeps,
@@ -52,11 +73,7 @@ func GenFrom(fileOrPkg string) string {
 	ssaPkg.Build()
 
 	prog := llssa.NewProgram(nil)
-	prog.SetRuntime(func() *types.Package {
+	initRtAndPy(prog, cfg)
-		rt, err := packages.Load(cfg, llssa.PkgRuntime)
-		check(err)
-		return rt[0].Types
-	})
 
 	if Verbose {
 		ssaPkg.WriteTo(os.Stderr)
@@ -65,6 +82,10 @@ func GenFrom(fileOrPkg string) string {
 	ret, err := cl.NewPackage(prog, ssaPkg, pkg.Syntax)
 	check(err)
 
+	if prog.NeedPyInit { // call PyInit if needed
+		ret.PyInit()
+	}
+
 	return ret.String()
 }
 

internal/runtime/z_iface.go

@@ -77,38 +77,18 @@ func CheckI2Int(v Interface, t *Type) (uintptr, bool) {
 	return 0, false
 }
 
-func I2Float64(v Interface, t *Type) float64 {
+func I2String(v Interface, t *Type) string {
 	if v.tab._type == t {
-		return bitCastTo64F(uint64(uintptr(v.data)))
+		return *(*string)(v.data)
 	}
-	panic("I2Float64: type mismatch")
+	panic("I2String: type mismatch")
 }
 
-func CheckI2Float64(v Interface, t *Type) (float64, bool) {
+func CheckI2String(v Interface, t *Type) (string, bool) {
 	if v.tab._type == t {
-		return bitCastTo64F(uint64(uintptr(v.data))), true
+		return *(*string)(v.data), true
 	}
-	return 0, false
+	return "", false
 }
 
-func I2Float32(v Interface, t *Type) float32 {
-	if v.tab._type == t {
-		return bitCastTo32F(uint32(uintptr(v.data)))
-	}
-	panic("I2Float32: type mismatch")
-}
-
-func CheckI2Float32(v Interface, t *Type) (float32, bool) {
-	if v.tab._type == t {
-		return bitCastTo32F(uint32(uintptr(v.data))), true
-	}
-	return 0, false
-}
-
-//go:linkname bitCastTo64F llgo.bitCastTo64F
-func bitCastTo64F(uint64) float64
-
-//go:linkname bitCastTo32F llgo.bitCastTo32F
-func bitCastTo32F(uint32) float32
-
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

internal/runtime/z_string.go

@@ -45,16 +45,6 @@ func NewString(data unsafe.Pointer, len int) String {
 	return String{data, len}
 }
 
-// StringLen returns the length of a string.
-func StringLen(s String) int {
-	return s.len
-}
-
-// StringData returns the data pointer of a string.
-func StringData(s String) unsafe.Pointer {
-	return s.data
-}
-
 // StringCat concatenates two strings.
 func StringCat(a, b String) String {
 	n := a.len + b.len

py/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+Linking Python to Go
+=====
+
+TODO
+
+## Demo
+
+The `_demo` directory contains our demos (it start with `_` to prevent the `go` command from compiling it):
+
+* [hellopy](_demo/hellopy/hello.go): link Python to Go and say `Hello world`
+* [clpy](_demo/clpy/cleval.go): compile Python code and eval.
+* [callpy](_demo/callpy/call.go): call Python standard library function `math.sqrt`.
+
+### How to run demos
+
+To run the demos in directory `_demo`, you need to set the `LLGO_LIB_PYTHON` environment variable first. Assuming you use Python 3.12, and the `libpython3.12.so` (or `libpython3.12.dylib` or `python3.12.lib`) file is in the /foo/bar directory, then you need to set `LLGO_LIB_PYTHON` to:
+
+```sh
+export LLGO_LIB_PYTHON=/foo/bar/python3.12
+```
+
+For example, `/opt/homebrew/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/libpython3.12.dylib` is a typical python lib location under macOS. So we should set it like this:
+
+```sh
+export LLGO_LIB_PYTHON=/opt/homebrew/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/python3.12
+```
+
+Then you can run the demos in directory `_demo`:
+
+```sh
+cd <demo-directory>  # eg. cd _demo/hellopy
+llgo run .
+```

py/_demo/callpy/call.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	py.Initialize()
+	py.SetProgramName(*c.Argv)
+	math := py.ImportModule(c.Str("math"))
+	sqrt := math.GetAttrString(c.Str("sqrt"))
+	sqrt2 := sqrt.CallOneArg(py.Float(2))
+	c.Printf(c.Str("sqrt(2) = %f\n"), sqrt2.Float64())
+	sqrt2.DecRef()
+	sqrt.DecRef()
+	math.DecRef()
+	py.Finalize()
+}

py/_demo/clpy/cleval.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	py.Initialize()
+	py.SetProgramName(*c.Argv)
+	code := py.CompileString(c.Str(`print('Hello, World!')`), c.Str(`hello.py`), py.EvalInput)
+	if code != nil {
+		mod := py.ImportModule(c.Str("__main__"))
+		gbl := mod.ModuleGetDict()
+
+		result := py.EvalCode(code, gbl, nil)
+
+		result.DecRef()
+		mod.DecRef()
+		code.DecRef()
+	}
+	py.Finalize()
+}

py/_demo/hellopy/hello.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	py.Initialize()
+	py.SetProgramName(*c.Argv)
+	py.RunSimpleString(c.Str(`print('Hello, World!')`))
+	py.Finalize()
+}

py/_pyg/module.c

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+// example:
+// llgoLoadPyModSyms(mod, "name1", &func1, "name2", &func2, NULL)
+
+typedef struct PyObject PyObject;
+
+PyObject* PyObject_GetAttrString(PyObject* mod, const char* attrName);
+
+void llgoLoadPyModSyms(PyObject* mod, ...) {
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap, mod);
+    for (;;) {
+        const char* name = va_arg(ap, const char*);
+        if (name == NULL) {
+            break;
+        }
+        PyObject** pfunc = va_arg(ap, PyObject**);
+        if (*pfunc == NULL) {
+            *pfunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(mod, name);
+        }
+    }
+    va_end(ap);
+}

py/bytes.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package py
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+// https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/bytes.html
+
+// String returns a new bytes object from a C string.
+//
+//go:linkname FromCStr C.PyBytes_FromString
+func FromCStr(s *c.Char) *Object
+
+// FromString returns a new bytes object from a Go string.
+func FromString(s string) *Object {
+	return stringFromStringAndSize(c.GoStringData(s), uintptr(len(s)))
+}
+
+//go:linkname stringFromStringAndSize C.PyBytes_FromStringAndSize
+func stringFromStringAndSize(s *c.Char, size uintptr) *Object
+
+// CStr returns the content of a bytes object as a C string.
+//
+// llgo:link (*Object).CStr C.PyBytes_AsString
+func (o *Object) CStr() *c.Char { return nil }
+
+// llgo:link (*Object).Strlen C.PyBytes_Size
+func (o *Object) Strlen() uintptr { return 0 }

py/float.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package py
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+)
+
+// https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/float.html
+
+//go:linkname Float C.PyFloat_FromDouble
+func Float(v float64) *Object
+
+//go:linkname FloatFromSring C.PyFloat_FromString
+func FloatFromSring(v *Object) *Object
+
+// llgo:link (*Object).Float64 C.PyFloat_AsDouble
+func (o *Object) Float64() float64 { return 0 }

py/llgo.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+    "cl": [
+        "clang -emit-llvm -S -o module.ll -c _pyg/module.c",
+        "rm llgo_autogen.lla; zip llgo_autogen.lla llgo_autogen.ll module.ll",
+    ]
+}

py/math/math.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package math
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "py.math"
+)
+
+//go:linkname Sqrt py.sqrt
+func Sqrt(x *py.Object) *py.Object

py/module.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package py
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// This is a wrapper around py.Import which takes a const char* as an argument
+// instead of an Object.
+//
+//go:linkname ImportModule C.PyImport_ImportModule
+func ImportModule(name *c.Char) *Object
+
+// This is a higher-level interface that calls the current “import hook function” (with
+// an explicit level of 0, meaning absolute import). It invokes the __import__() function
+// from the __builtins__ of the current globals. This means that the import is done using
+// whatever import hooks are installed in the current environment.
+//
+// This function always uses absolute imports.
+//
+//go:linkname Import C.PyImport_Import
+func Import(name *Object) *Object
+
+// Return the dictionary object that implements module’s namespace; this object is the same
+// as the __dict__ attribute of the module object. If module is not a module object (or a
+// subtype of a module object), SystemError is raised and nil is returned.
+//
+// It is recommended extensions use other Module and Object functions rather than directly
+// manipulate a module’s __dict__.
+//
+// llgo:link (*Object).ModuleGetDict C.PyModule_GetDict
+func (m *Object) ModuleGetDict() *Object { return nil }
+
+// llgo:link (*Object).ModuleLoadSyms C.llgoLoadPyModSyms
+func (m *Object) ModuleLoadSyms(__llgo_va_list ...any) {}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

py/module.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+; ModuleID = '_pyg/module.c'
+source_filename = "_pyg/module.c"
+
+%struct.PyObject = type opaque
+
+; Function Attrs: noinline nounwind optnone ssp uwtable(sync)
+define void @llgoLoadPyModSyms(%struct.PyObject* noundef %0, ...) #0 {
+  %2 = alloca %struct.PyObject*, align 8
+  %3 = alloca i8*, align 8
+  %4 = alloca i8*, align 8
+  %5 = alloca i8*, align 8
+  %6 = alloca %struct.PyObject**, align 8
+  %7 = alloca %struct.PyObject**, align 8
+  store %struct.PyObject* %0, %struct.PyObject** %2, align 8
+  %8 = bitcast i8** %3 to i8*
+  call void @llvm.va_start(i8* %8)
+  br label %9
+
+9:                                                ; preds = %26, %1
+  %10 = va_arg i8** %3, i8*
+  store i8* %10, i8** %5, align 8
+  %11 = load i8*, i8** %5, align 8
+  store i8* %11, i8** %4, align 8
+  %12 = load i8*, i8** %4, align 8
+  %13 = icmp eq i8* %12, null
+  br i1 %13, label %14, label %15
+
+14:                                               ; preds = %9
+  br label %27
+
+15:                                               ; preds = %9
+  %16 = va_arg i8** %3, %struct.PyObject**
+  store %struct.PyObject** %16, %struct.PyObject*** %7, align 8
+  %17 = load %struct.PyObject**, %struct.PyObject*** %7, align 8
+  store %struct.PyObject** %17, %struct.PyObject*** %6, align 8
+  %18 = load %struct.PyObject**, %struct.PyObject*** %6, align 8
+  %19 = load %struct.PyObject*, %struct.PyObject** %18, align 8
+  %20 = icmp eq %struct.PyObject* %19, null
+  br i1 %20, label %21, label %26
+
+21:                                               ; preds = %15
+  %22 = load %struct.PyObject*, %struct.PyObject** %2, align 8
+  %23 = load i8*, i8** %4, align 8
+  %24 = call %struct.PyObject* @PyObject_GetAttrString(%struct.PyObject* noundef %22, i8* noundef %23)
+  %25 = load %struct.PyObject**, %struct.PyObject*** %6, align 8
+  store %struct.PyObject* %24, %struct.PyObject** %25, align 8
+  br label %26
+
+26:                                               ; preds = %21, %15
+  br label %9
+
+27:                                               ; preds = %14
+  %28 = bitcast i8** %3 to i8*
+  call void @llvm.va_end(i8* %28)
+  ret void
+}
+
+; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn
+declare void @llvm.va_start(i8*) #1
+
+declare %struct.PyObject* @PyObject_GetAttrString(%struct.PyObject* noundef, i8* noundef) #2
+
+; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn
+declare void @llvm.va_end(i8*) #1
+
+attributes #0 = { noinline nounwind optnone ssp uwtable(sync) "frame-pointer"="non-leaf" "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "probe-stack"="__chkstk_darwin" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="apple-m1" "target-features"="+aes,+crc,+crypto,+dotprod,+fp-armv8,+fp16fml,+fullfp16,+lse,+neon,+ras,+rcpc,+rdm,+sha2,+sha3,+sm4,+v8.5a,+zcm,+zcz" }
+attributes #1 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn }
+attributes #2 = { "frame-pointer"="non-leaf" "no-trapping-math"="true" "probe-stack"="__chkstk_darwin" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="apple-m1" "target-features"="+aes,+crc,+crypto,+dotprod,+fp-armv8,+fp16fml,+fullfp16,+lse,+neon,+ras,+rcpc,+rdm,+sha2,+sha3,+sm4,+v8.5a,+zcm,+zcz" }
+
+!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3, !4, !5, !6, !7, !8}
+!llvm.ident = !{!9}
+
+!0 = !{i32 2, !"SDK Version", [2 x i32] [i32 13, i32 3]}
+!1 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
+!2 = !{i32 8, !"branch-target-enforcement", i32 0}
+!3 = !{i32 8, !"sign-return-address", i32 0}
+!4 = !{i32 8, !"sign-return-address-all", i32 0}
+!5 = !{i32 8, !"sign-return-address-with-bkey", i32 0}
+!6 = !{i32 7, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
+!7 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 1}
+!8 = !{i32 7, !"frame-pointer", i32 1}
+!9 = !{!"Apple clang version 14.0.3 (clang-1403.0.22.14.1)"}

py/object.go

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package py
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+// Object represents a Python object.
+type Object struct {
+	Unused [8]byte
+}
+
+// Create a new value based on a format string similar to those accepted by the
+// PyArg_Parse* family of functions and a sequence of values. Returns the value or
+// nil in the case of an error; an exception will be raised if nil is returned.
+// See https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/arg.html#c.Py_BuildValue
+//
+//go:linkname BuildValue C.Py_BuildValue
+func BuildValue(format *c.Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) *Object
+
+// llgo:link (*Object).DecRef C.Py_DecRef
+func (o *Object) DecRef() {}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Retrieve an attribute named attrName from object o. Returns the attribute value on success,
+// or nil on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression o.attrName.
+//
+// llgo:link (*Object).GetAttr C.PyObject_GetAttr
+func (o *Object) GetAttr(attrName *Object) *Object { return nil }
+
+// llgo:link (*Object).GetAttrString C.PyObject_GetAttrString
+func (o *Object) GetAttrString(attrName *c.Char) *Object { return nil }
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Determine if the object o is callable. Return 1 if the object is callable and
+// 0 otherwise. This function always succeeds.
+//
+// llgo:link (*Object).Callable C.PyCallable_Check
+func (o *Object) Callable() c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// Call a callable Python object o, with arguments given by the tuple args, and
+// named arguments given by the dictionary kwargs.
+//
+// args must not be nil; use an empty tuple if no arguments are needed. If no named
+// arguments are needed, kwargs can be nil.
+//
+// Return the result of the call on success, or raise an exception and return nil
+// on failure.
+//
+// This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o(*args, **kwargs).
+//
+// llgo:link (*Object).Call C.PyObject_Call
+func (o *Object) Call(args, kwargs *Object) *Object { return nil }
+
+// Call a callable Python object callable without any arguments. It is the most
+// efficient way to call a callable Python object without any argument.
+//
+// Return the result of the call on success, or raise an exception and return nil
+// on failure.
+//
+// llgo:link (*Object).CallNoArgs C.PyObject_CallNoArgs
+func (o *Object) CallNoArgs() *Object { return nil }
+
+// Call a callable Python object callable with exactly 1 positional argument arg
+// and no keyword arguments.
+//
+// Return the result of the call on success, or raise an exception and return nil
+// on failure.
+//
+// llgo:link (*Object).CallOneArg C.PyObject_CallOneArg
+func (o *Object) CallOneArg(arg *Object) *Object { return nil }
+
+// Call a callable Python object o, with arguments given by the tuple args. If no
+// arguments are needed, then args can be nil.
+//
+// Return the result of the call on success, or raise an exception and return nil
+// on failure.
+//
+// This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o(*args).
+//
+// llgo:link (*Object).CallObject C.PyObject_CallObject
+func (o *Object) CallObject(callable, args *Object) *Object { return nil }
+
+// Call a callable Python object o, with a variable number of C arguments. The C
+// arguments are described using a py.BuildValue style format string. The format
+// can be nil, indicating that no arguments are provided.
+//
+// Return the result of the call on success, or raise an exception and return nil
+// on failure.
+//
+// This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o(*args).
+//
+// Note that if you only pass PyObject* args, (*Object).CallFunctionObjArgs is a
+// faster alternative.
+//
+// llgo:link (*Object).CallFunction C.PyObject_CallFunction
+func (o *Object) CallFunction(format *c.Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) *Object { return nil }
+
+// Call a callable Python object o, with a variable number of PyObject* arguments.
+// The arguments are provided as a variable number of parameters followed by nil.
+//
+// Return the result of the call on success, or raise an exception and return nil
+// on failure.
+//
+// This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o(arg1, arg2, ...).
+//
+// llgo:link (*Object).CallFunctionObjArgs C.PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs
+func (o *Object) CallFunctionObjArgs(__llgo_va_list ...any) *Object { return nil }
+
+// llgo:link (*Object).CallMethod C.PyObject_CallMethod
+func (o *Object) CallMethod(name *c.Char, format *c.Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) *Object {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// llgo:link (*Object).CallMethodObjArgs C.PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs
+func (o *Object) CallMethodObjArgs(name *Object, __llgo_va_list ...any) *Object { return nil }
+
+// llgo:link (*Object).CallMethodNoArgs C.PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs
+func (o *Object) CallMethodNoArgs(name *Object) *Object { return nil }
+
+// llgo:link (*Object).CallMethodOneArg C.PyObject_CallMethodOneArg
+func (o *Object) CallMethodOneArg(name, arg *Object) *Object { return nil }
+
+// llgo:link (*Object).Vectorcall C.PyObject_Vectorcall
+func (o *Object) Vectorcall(args **Object, nargs uintptr, kwnames *Object) *Object {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// llgo:link (*Object).VectorcallDict C.PyObject_VectorcallDict
+func (o *Object) VectorcallDict(args **Object, nargs uintptr, kwdict *Object) *Object {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// llgo:link (*Object).VectorcallMethod C.PyObject_VectorcallMethod
+func (o *Object) VectorcallMethod(name *Object, args **Object, nargs uintptr, kwnames *Object) *Object {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

py/os/os.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package os
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "py.os"
+)
+
+//go:linkname Getcwd py.getcwd
+func Getcwd() *py.Object

py/python.go

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package py
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "link: $LLGO_LIB_PYTHON"
+)
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname SetProgramName C.Py_SetProgramName
+func SetProgramName(name *c.Char)
+
+//go:linkname Initialize C.Py_Initialize
+func Initialize()
+
+// This function works like Initialize() if initsigs is 1.
+// If initsigs is 0, it skips initialization registration of signal handlers,
+// which might be useful when Python is embedded.
+//
+//go:linkname InitializeEx C.Py_InitializeEx
+func InitializeEx(initsigs c.Int)
+
+//go:linkname Finalize C.Py_Finalize
+func Finalize()
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname RunSimpleString C.PyRun_SimpleString
+func RunSimpleString(command *c.Char) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname RunSimpleStringFlags C.PyRun_SimpleStringFlags
+func RunSimpleStringFlags(command *c.Char, flags *CompilerFlags) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname RunSimpleFile C.PyRun_SimpleFile
+func RunSimpleFile(fp c.FilePtr, filename *c.Char) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname RunSimpleFileFlags C.PyRun_SimpleFileFlags
+func RunSimpleFileFlags(fp c.FilePtr, filename *c.Char, flags *CompilerFlags) c.Int
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type InputType c.Int
+
+const (
+	SingleInput InputType = 256 // read code from i/o
+	FileInput   InputType = 257 // read code from filename
+	EvalInput   InputType = 258 // read code from string
+	// FuncTypeInput InputType = 345
+)
+
+// llgo:type C
+type CompilerFlags struct {
+	CfFlags c.Int
+}
+
+//go:linkname CompileString C.Py_CompileString
+func CompileString(str, filename *c.Char, start InputType) *Object
+
+//go:linkname CompileStringFlags C.Py_CompileStringFlags
+func CompileStringFlags(str, filename *c.Char, start InputType, flags *CompilerFlags) *Object
+
+//go:linkname CompileStringExFlags C.Py_CompileStringExFlags
+func CompileStringExFlags(str, filename *c.Char, start InputType, flags *CompilerFlags, optimize c.Int) *Object
+
+// Parse and compile the Python source code in str, returning the resulting code object.
+// The start token is given by start; this can be used to constrain the code which can be
+// compiled and should be py.EvalInput, py.FileInput, or py.SingleInput. The filename
+// specified by filename is used to construct the code object and may appear in tracebacks
+// or SyntaxError exception messages. This returns NULL if the code cannot be parsed or
+// compiled.
+//
+// The integer optimize specifies the optimization level of the compiler; a value of -1
+// selects the optimization level of the interpreter as given by -O options. Explicit levels
+// are 0 (no optimization; __debug__ is true), 1 (asserts are removed, __debug__ is false) or
+// 2 (docstrings are removed too).
+//
+//go:linkname CompileStringObject C.Py_CompileStringObject
+func CompileStringObject(str *c.Char, filename *Object, start InputType, flags *CompilerFlags, optimize c.Int) *Object
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// This is a simplified interface to EvalCodeEx, with just the code object, and global and
+// local variables. The other arguments are set to nil.
+//
+//go:linkname EvalCode C.PyEval_EvalCode
+func EvalCode(code, globals, locals *Object) *Object
+
+// Evaluate a precompiled code object, given a particular environment for its evaluation.
+// This environment consists of a dictionary of global variables, a mapping object of local
+// variables, arrays of arguments, keywords and defaults, a dictionary of default values for
+// keyword-only arguments and a closure tuple of cells.
+//
+//go:linkname EvalCodeEx C.PyEval_EvalCodeEx
+func EvalCodeEx(
+	code, globals, locals *Object,
+	args *Object, argcount c.Int, kws *Object, kwcount c.Int,
+	defs *Object, defcount c.Int, kwdefs, closure *Object) *Object
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

ssa/cl_test.go

@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/cl/cltest"
 )
 
+func TestFromTestpy(t *testing.T) {
+	cltest.FromDir(t, "", "../cl/_testpy", false)
+}
+
 func TestFromTestrt(t *testing.T) {
 	cltest.FromDir(t, "", "../cl/_testrt", true)
 }

ssa/decl.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package ssa
 
 import (
 	"go/types"
+	"log"
 	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/goplus/llvm"
@@ -68,6 +69,23 @@ type aGlobal struct {
 // variable.
 type Global = *aGlobal
 
+// NewVar creates a new global variable.
+func (p Package) NewVar(name string, typ types.Type, bg Background) Global {
+	if v, ok := p.vars[name]; ok {
+		return v
+	}
+	t := p.Prog.Type(typ, bg)
+	gbl := llvm.AddGlobal(p.mod, t.ll, name)
+	ret := &aGlobal{Expr{gbl, t}}
+	p.vars[name] = ret
+	return ret
+}
+
+// VarOf returns a global variable by name.
+func (p Package) VarOf(name string) Global {
+	return p.vars[name]
+}
+
 // Init initializes the global variable with the given value.
 func (g Global) Init(v Expr) {
 	g.impl.SetInitializer(v.impl)
@@ -140,6 +158,31 @@ type aFunction struct {
 // Function represents a function or method.
 type Function = *aFunction
 
+// NewFunc creates a new function.
+func (p Package) NewFunc(name string, sig *types.Signature, bg Background) Function {
+	return p.NewFuncEx(name, sig, bg, false)
+}
+
+// NewFuncEx creates a new function.
+func (p Package) NewFuncEx(name string, sig *types.Signature, bg Background, hasFreeVars bool) Function {
+	if v, ok := p.fns[name]; ok {
+		return v
+	}
+	t := p.Prog.FuncDecl(sig, bg)
+	if debugInstr {
+		log.Println("NewFunc", name, t.raw.Type, "hasFreeVars:", hasFreeVars)
+	}
+	fn := llvm.AddFunction(p.mod, name, t.ll)
+	ret := newFunction(fn, t, p, p.Prog, hasFreeVars)
+	p.fns[name] = ret
+	return ret
+}
+
+// FuncOf returns a function by name.
+func (p Package) FuncOf(name string) Function {
+	return p.fns[name]
+}
+
 func newFunction(fn llvm.Value, t Type, pkg Package, prog Program, hasFreeVars bool) Function {
 	params, hasVArg := newParams(t, prog)
 	base := 0
@@ -212,22 +255,71 @@ func (p Function) MakeBody(nblk int) Builder {
 
 // MakeBlocks creates nblk basic blocks for the function.
 func (p Function) MakeBlocks(nblk int) []BasicBlock {
-	if p.blks == nil {
+	n := len(p.blks)
+	if n == 0 {
 		p.blks = make([]BasicBlock, 0, nblk)
 	}
-	n := len(p.blks)
-	f := p.impl
 	for i := 0; i < nblk; i++ {
-		label := "_llgo_" + strconv.Itoa(i)
+		p.addBlock(n + i)
-		blk := llvm.AddBasicBlock(f, label)
-		p.blks = append(p.blks, &aBasicBlock{blk, p, n + i})
 	}
 	return p.blks[n:]
 }
 
+func (p Function) addBlock(idx int) BasicBlock {
+	label := "_llgo_" + strconv.Itoa(idx)
+	blk := llvm.AddBasicBlock(p.impl, label)
+	ret := &aBasicBlock{blk, p, idx}
+	p.blks = append(p.blks, ret)
+	return ret
+}
+
+// MakeBlock creates a new basic block for the function.
+func (p Function) MakeBlock() BasicBlock {
+	return p.addBlock(len(p.blks))
+}
+
 // Block returns the ith basic block of the function.
 func (p Function) Block(idx int) BasicBlock {
 	return p.blks[idx]
 }
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type aPyObjRef struct {
+	Expr
+	Obj Global
+}
+
+// PyObjRef represents a python object reference.
+type PyObjRef = *aPyObjRef
+
+// NewPyFunc creates a new python function.
+func (p Package) NewPyFunc(name string, sig *types.Signature, doInit bool) PyObjRef {
+	if v, ok := p.pyobjs[name]; ok {
+		return v
+	}
+	prog := p.Prog
+	obj := p.NewVar(name, prog.PyObjectPtrPtr().RawType(), InC)
+	if doInit {
+		prog.NeedPyInit = true
+		obj.Init(prog.Null(obj.Type))
+		obj.impl.SetLinkage(llvm.LinkOnceAnyLinkage)
+	}
+	ty := &aType{obj.ll, rawType{types.NewPointer(sig)}, vkPyFuncRef}
+	expr := Expr{obj.impl, ty}
+	ret := &aPyObjRef{expr, obj}
+	p.pyobjs[name] = ret
+	return ret
+}
+
+// PyObjOf returns a python object by name.
+func (p Package) PyObjOf(name string) PyObjRef {
+	return p.pyobjs[name]
+}
+
+// PyObjs returns all used python objects in this project.
+func (p Package) PyObjs() map[string]PyObjRef {
+	return p.pyobjs
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

ssa/expr.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"go/types"
 	"log"
 
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi"
 	"github.com/goplus/llvm"
 )
 
@@ -257,6 +258,11 @@ var floatPredOpToLLVM = []llvm.FloatPredicate{
 	token.GEQ - predOpBase: llvm.FloatOGE,
 }
 
+var boolPredOpToLLVM = []llvm.IntPredicate{
+	token.EQL - predOpBase: llvm.IntEQ,
+	token.NEQ - predOpBase: llvm.IntNE,
+}
+
 // EQL NEQ LSS LEQ GTR GEQ      == != < <= < >=
 func isPredOp(op token.Token) bool {
 	return op >= predOpBase && op <= predOpLast
@@ -289,7 +295,7 @@ func (b Builder) BinOp(op token.Token, x, y Expr) Expr {
 		}
 	case isLogicOp(op): // op: & | ^ << >> &^
 		if op == token.AND_NOT {
-			panic("todo")
+			return Expr{b.impl.CreateAnd(x.impl, b.impl.CreateNot(y.impl, ""), ""), x.Type}
 		}
 		kind := x.kind
 		llop := logicOpToLLVM[op-logicOpBase]
@@ -310,7 +316,10 @@ func (b Builder) BinOp(op token.Token, x, y Expr) Expr {
 		case vkFloat:
 			pred := floatPredOpToLLVM[op-predOpBase]
 			return Expr{llvm.CreateFCmp(b.impl, pred, x.impl, y.impl), tret}
-		case vkString, vkComplex, vkBool:
+		case vkBool:
+			pred := boolPredOpToLLVM[op-predOpBase]
+			return Expr{llvm.CreateICmp(b.impl, pred, x.impl, y.impl), tret}
+		case vkString, vkComplex:
 			panic("todo")
 		}
 	}
@@ -598,6 +607,26 @@ func (b Builder) getField(x Expr, idx int) Expr {
 	return Expr{fld, tfld}
 }
 
+// StringData returns the data pointer of a string.
+func (b Builder) StringData(x Expr) Expr {
+	if debugInstr {
+		log.Printf("StringData %v\n", x.impl)
+	}
+	prog := b.Prog
+	ptr := llvm.CreateExtractValue(b.impl, x.impl, 0)
+	return Expr{ptr, prog.CStr()}
+}
+
+// StringLen returns the length of a string.
+func (b Builder) StringLen(x Expr) Expr {
+	if debugInstr {
+		log.Printf("StringLen %v\n", x.impl)
+	}
+	prog := b.Prog
+	ptr := llvm.CreateExtractValue(b.impl, x.impl, 1)
+	return Expr{ptr, prog.Int()}
+}
+
 // The IndexAddr instruction yields the address of the element at
 // index `idx` of collection `x`.  `idx` is an integer expression.
 //
@@ -649,8 +678,7 @@ func (b Builder) Index(x, idx Expr, addr func(Expr) Expr) Expr {
 			panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid operation: cannot index %v", t))
 		}
 		telem = prog.rawType(types.Typ[types.Byte])
-		pkg := b.Func.Pkg
+		ptr = b.StringData(x)
-		ptr = b.InlineCall(pkg.rtFunc("StringData"), x)
 	case *types.Array:
 		telem = prog.Index(x.Type)
 		if addr != nil {
@@ -717,7 +745,7 @@ func (b Builder) Slice(x, low, high, max Expr) (ret Expr) {
 			panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid operation: cannot slice %v", t))
 		}
 		if high.IsNil() {
-			high = b.InlineCall(pkg.rtFunc("StringLen"), x)
+			high = b.StringLen(x)
 		}
 		ret.Type = x.Type
 		ret.impl = b.InlineCall(pkg.rtFunc("NewStringSlice"), x, low, high).impl
@@ -871,7 +899,7 @@ func (b Builder) AllocaCStr(gostr Expr) (ret Expr) {
 		log.Printf("AllocaCStr %v\n", gostr.impl)
 	}
 	pkg := b.Func.Pkg
-	n := b.InlineCall(pkg.rtFunc("StringLen"), gostr)
+	n := b.StringLen(gostr)
 	n1 := b.BinOp(token.ADD, n, b.Prog.Val(1))
 	cstr := b.Alloca(n1)
 	return b.InlineCall(pkg.rtFunc("CStrCopy"), cstr, gostr)
@@ -1051,7 +1079,7 @@ func (b Builder) MakeInterface(tinter Type, x Expr) (ret Expr) {
 	case *types.Basic:
 		kind := tx.Kind()
 		switch {
-		case kind >= types.Int && kind <= types.Uintptr:
+		case kind >= types.Bool && kind <= types.Uintptr:
 			t := b.InlineCall(pkg.rtFunc("Basic"), prog.Val(int(kind)))
 			tptr := prog.Uintptr()
 			vptr := Expr{llvm.CreateIntCast(b.impl, x.impl, tptr.ll), tptr}
@@ -1118,7 +1146,7 @@ func (b Builder) TypeAssert(x Expr, assertedTyp Type, commaOk bool) (ret Expr) {
 		log.Printf("TypeAssert %v, %v, %v\n", x.impl, assertedTyp.raw.Type, commaOk)
 	}
 	switch assertedTyp.kind {
-	case vkSigned, vkUnsigned:
+	case vkSigned, vkUnsigned, vkFloat, vkBool:
 		pkg := b.Func.Pkg
 		fnName := "I2Int"
 		if commaOk {
@@ -1133,25 +1161,44 @@ func (b Builder) TypeAssert(x Expr, assertedTyp Type, commaOk bool) (ret Expr) {
 			panic("todo")
 		}
 		typ := b.InlineCall(pkg.rtFunc("Basic"), b.Prog.Val(int(kind)))
-		return b.InlineCall(fn, x, typ)
+		ret = b.InlineCall(fn, x, typ)
-	case vkFloat:
+		if kind != types.Uintptr {
-		var fnName string
+			conv := func(v llvm.Value) llvm.Value {
-		kind := assertedTyp.raw.Underlying().(*types.Basic).Kind()
 				switch kind {
 				case types.Float32:
-			fnName = "I2Float32"
+					v = castInt(b.impl, v, b.Prog.tyInt32())
-			if commaOk {
+					v = b.impl.CreateBitCast(v, assertedTyp.ll, "")
-				fnName = "CheckI2Float32"
-			}
 				case types.Float64:
-			fnName = "I2Float64"
+					v = b.impl.CreateBitCast(v, assertedTyp.ll, "")
-			if commaOk {
+				default:
-				fnName = "CheckI2Float64"
+					v = castInt(b.impl, v, assertedTyp.ll)
+				}
+				return v
+			}
+			if !commaOk {
+				ret.Type = assertedTyp
+				ret.impl = conv(ret.impl)
+			} else {
+				ret.Type = b.Prog.toTuple(
+					types.NewTuple(
+						types.NewVar(token.NoPos, nil, "", assertedTyp.RawType()),
+						ret.Type.RawType().(*types.Tuple).At(1),
+					),
+				)
+				val0 := conv(b.impl.CreateExtractValue(ret.impl, 0, ""))
+				val1 := b.impl.CreateExtractValue(ret.impl, 1, "")
+				ret.impl = llvm.ConstStruct([]llvm.Value{val0, val1}, false)
 			}
 		}
+		return
+	case vkString:
 		pkg := b.Func.Pkg
+		fnName := "I2String"
+		if commaOk {
+			fnName = "CheckI2String"
+		}
 		fn := pkg.rtFunc(fnName)
-		typ := b.InlineCall(pkg.rtFunc("Basic"), b.Prog.Val(int(kind)))
+		typ := b.InlineCall(pkg.rtFunc("Basic"), b.Prog.Val(int(abi.String)))
 		return b.InlineCall(fn, x, typ)
 	}
 	panic("todo")
@@ -1176,7 +1223,6 @@ func (b Builder) InlineCall(fn Expr, args ...Expr) (ret Expr) {
 //	t4 = t3()
 //	t7 = invoke t5.Println(...t6)
 func (b Builder) Call(fn Expr, args ...Expr) (ret Expr) {
-	prog := b.Prog
 	if debugInstr {
 		var b bytes.Buffer
 		name := fn.impl.Name()
@@ -1191,11 +1237,16 @@ func (b Builder) Call(fn Expr, args ...Expr) (ret Expr) {
 		}
 		log.Println(b.String())
 	}
+	var kind = fn.kind
+	if kind == vkPyFuncRef {
+		return b.pyCall(fn, args)
+	}
 	var ll llvm.Type
 	var data Expr
 	var sig *types.Signature
+	var prog = b.Prog
 	var raw = fn.raw.Type
-	switch fn.kind {
+	switch kind {
 	case vkClosure:
 		data = b.Field(fn, 1)
 		fn = b.Field(fn, 0)
@@ -1246,7 +1297,7 @@ func (b Builder) BuiltinCall(fn string, args ...Expr) (ret Expr) {
 				return b.InlineCall(b.Func.Pkg.rtFunc("SliceLen"), arg)
 			case *types.Basic:
 				if t.Kind() == types.String {
-					return b.InlineCall(b.Func.Pkg.rtFunc("StringLen"), arg)
+					return b.StringLen(arg)
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -1262,11 +1313,4 @@ func (b Builder) BuiltinCall(fn string, args ...Expr) (ret Expr) {
 	panic("todo")
 }
 
-// BitCast bit cast expr to type
-func (b Builder) BitCast(val Expr, typ Type) (ret Expr) {
-	ret.Type = typ
-	ret.impl = b.impl.CreateBitCast(val.impl, typ.ll, "")
-	return
-}
-
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

ssa/package.go

@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ package ssa
 import (
 	"go/token"
 	"go/types"
-	"log"
 
 	"github.com/goplus/llvm"
 	"golang.org/x/tools/go/types/typeutil"
 )
 
 const (
+	PkgPython  = "github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
 	PkgRuntime = "github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime"
 )
 
@@ -103,9 +103,13 @@ type aProgram struct {
 	rt    *types.Package
 	rtget func() *types.Package
 
+	py    *types.Package
+	pyget func() *types.Package
+
 	target *Target
 	td     llvm.TargetData
 	// tm  llvm.TargetMachine
+	named map[string]llvm.Type
 
 	intType   llvm.Type
 	int1Type  llvm.Type
@@ -130,8 +134,16 @@ type aProgram struct {
 	uintptrTy Type
 	intTy     Type
 	f64Ty     Type
+	pyObjPtr  Type
+	pyObjPPtr Type
 
-	needRuntime bool
+	pyImpTy    *types.Signature
+	callNoArgs *types.Signature
+	callOneArg *types.Signature
+	loadPyModS *types.Signature
+
+	NeedRuntime bool
+	NeedPyInit  bool
 }
 
 // A Program presents a program.
@@ -154,7 +166,18 @@ func NewProgram(target *Target) Program {
 		// TODO(xsw): Finalize may cause panic, so comment it.
 		ctx.Finalize()
 	*/
-	return &aProgram{ctx: ctx, gocvt: newGoTypes(), target: target, td: td}
+	return &aProgram{ctx: ctx, gocvt: newGoTypes(), target: target, td: td, named: make(map[string]llvm.Type)}
+}
+
+// SetPython sets the Python package.
+// Its type can be *types.Package or func() *types.Package.
+func (p Program) SetPython(py any) {
+	switch v := py.(type) {
+	case *types.Package:
+		p.py = v
+	case func() *types.Package:
+		p.pyget = v
+	}
 }
 
 // SetRuntime sets the runtime.
@@ -168,25 +191,33 @@ func (p Program) SetRuntime(runtime any) {
 	}
 }
 
-// NeedRuntime returns if the current package needs runtime.
-func (p Program) NeedRuntime() bool {
-	return p.needRuntime
-}
-
 func (p Program) runtime() *types.Package {
 	if p.rt == nil {
 		p.rt = p.rtget()
 	}
-	p.needRuntime = true
+	p.NeedRuntime = true
 	return p.rt
 }
 
+func (p Program) python() *types.Package {
+	if p.py == nil {
+		p.py = p.pyget()
+	}
+	return p.py
+}
+
 func (p Program) rtNamed(name string) *types.Named {
 	t := p.runtime().Scope().Lookup(name).Type().(*types.Named)
 	t, _ = p.gocvt.cvtNamed(t)
 	return t
 }
 
+func (p Program) pyNamed(name string) *types.Named {
+	// TODO(xsw): does python type need to convert?
+	t := p.python().Scope().Lookup(name).Type().(*types.Named)
+	return t
+}
+
 func (p Program) rtType(name string) Type {
 	return p.rawType(p.rtNamed(name))
 }
@@ -227,8 +258,29 @@ func (p Program) NewPackage(name, pkgPath string) Package {
 	gbls := make(map[string]Global)
 	fns := make(map[string]Function)
 	stubs := make(map[string]Function)
-	p.needRuntime = false
+	pyobjs := make(map[string]PyObjRef)
-	return &aPackage{mod, gbls, fns, stubs, p}
+	pymods := make(map[string]Global)
+	p.NeedRuntime = false
+	// Don't need reset p.needPyInit here
+	// p.needPyInit = false
+	return &aPackage{mod, gbls, fns, stubs, pyobjs, pymods, p}
+}
+
+// PyObjectPtrPtr returns the **py.Object type.
+func (p Program) PyObjectPtrPtr() Type {
+	if p.pyObjPPtr == nil {
+		p.pyObjPPtr = p.Pointer(p.PyObjectPtr())
+	}
+	return p.pyObjPPtr
+}
+
+// PyObjectPtr returns the *py.Object type.
+func (p Program) PyObjectPtr() Type {
+	if p.pyObjPtr == nil {
+		objPtr := types.NewPointer(p.pyNamed("Object"))
+		p.pyObjPtr = p.rawType(objPtr)
+	}
+	return p.pyObjPtr
 }
 
 // Void returns void type.
@@ -315,6 +367,8 @@ type aPackage struct {
 	vars   map[string]Global
 	fns    map[string]Function
 	stubs  map[string]Function
+	pyobjs map[string]PyObjRef
+	pymods map[string]Global
 	Prog   Program
 }
 
@@ -327,40 +381,6 @@ func (p Package) NewConst(name string, val constant.Value) NamedConst {
 }
 */
 
-// NewVar creates a new global variable.
-func (p Package) NewVar(name string, typ types.Type, bg Background) Global {
-	t := p.Prog.Type(typ, bg)
-	gbl := llvm.AddGlobal(p.mod, t.ll, name)
-	ret := &aGlobal{Expr{gbl, t}}
-	p.vars[name] = ret
-	return ret
-}
-
-// VarOf returns a global variable by name.
-func (p Package) VarOf(name string) Global {
-	return p.vars[name]
-}
-
-// NewFunc creates a new function.
-func (p Package) NewFunc(name string, sig *types.Signature, bg Background) Function {
-	return p.NewFuncEx(name, sig, bg, false)
-}
-
-// NewFuncEx creates a new function.
-func (p Package) NewFuncEx(name string, sig *types.Signature, bg Background, hasFreeVars bool) Function {
-	if v, ok := p.fns[name]; ok {
-		return v
-	}
-	t := p.Prog.FuncDecl(sig, bg)
-	if debugInstr {
-		log.Println("NewFunc", name, t.raw.Type, "hasFreeVars:", hasFreeVars)
-	}
-	fn := llvm.AddFunction(p.mod, name, t.ll)
-	ret := newFunction(fn, t, p, p.Prog, hasFreeVars)
-	p.fns[name] = ret
-	return ret
-}
-
 func (p Package) rtFunc(fnName string) Expr {
 	fn := p.Prog.runtime().Scope().Lookup(fnName).(*types.Func)
 	name := FullName(fn.Pkg(), fnName)
@@ -368,6 +388,11 @@ func (p Package) rtFunc(fnName string) Expr {
 	return p.NewFunc(name, sig, InGo).Expr
 }
 
+func (p Package) pyFunc(fullName string, sig *types.Signature) Expr {
+	p.Prog.NeedPyInit = true
+	return p.NewFunc(fullName, sig, InC).Expr
+}
+
 func (p Package) closureStub(b Builder, t *types.Struct, v Expr) Expr {
 	name := v.impl.Name()
 	prog := b.Prog
@@ -401,11 +426,6 @@ func (p Package) closureStub(b Builder, t *types.Struct, v Expr) Expr {
 	return b.aggregateValue(prog.rawType(t), v.impl, nilVal)
 }
 
-// FuncOf returns a function by name.
-func (p Package) FuncOf(name string) Function {
-	return p.fns[name]
-}
-
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // String returns a string representation of the package.
@@ -454,3 +474,131 @@ func (p *Package) WriteFile(file string) (err error) {
 */
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func (p Program) tyImportPyModule() *types.Signature {
+	if p.pyImpTy == nil {
+		charPtr := types.NewPointer(types.Typ[types.Int8])
+		objPtr := p.PyObjectPtr().raw.Type
+		params := types.NewTuple(types.NewParam(token.NoPos, nil, "", charPtr))
+		results := types.NewTuple(types.NewParam(token.NoPos, nil, "", objPtr))
+		p.pyImpTy = types.NewSignatureType(nil, nil, nil, params, results, false)
+	}
+	return p.pyImpTy
+}
+
+func (p Program) tyCallNoArgs() *types.Signature {
+	if p.callNoArgs == nil {
+		objPtr := p.PyObjectPtr().raw.Type
+		paramObjPtr := types.NewParam(token.NoPos, nil, "", objPtr)
+		params := types.NewTuple(paramObjPtr)
+		p.callNoArgs = types.NewSignatureType(nil, nil, nil, params, params, false)
+	}
+	return p.callNoArgs
+}
+
+func (p Program) tyCallOneArg() *types.Signature {
+	if p.callOneArg == nil {
+		objPtr := p.PyObjectPtr().raw.Type
+		paramObjPtr := types.NewParam(token.NoPos, nil, "", objPtr)
+		params := types.NewTuple(paramObjPtr, paramObjPtr)
+		results := types.NewTuple(paramObjPtr)
+		p.callOneArg = types.NewSignatureType(nil, nil, nil, params, results, false)
+	}
+	return p.callOneArg
+}
+
+func (p Program) tyLoadPyModSyms() *types.Signature {
+	if p.loadPyModS == nil {
+		objPtr := p.PyObjectPtr().raw.Type
+		paramObjPtr := types.NewParam(token.NoPos, nil, "mod", objPtr)
+		params := types.NewTuple(paramObjPtr, VArg())
+		p.loadPyModS = types.NewSignatureType(nil, nil, nil, params, nil, false)
+	}
+	return p.loadPyModS
+}
+
+// PyInit initializes Python for a main package.
+func (p Package) PyInit() bool {
+	if fn := p.FuncOf("main"); fn != nil {
+		b := fn.NewBuilder()
+		b.SetBlockEx(fn.Block(0), AtStart).CallPyInit()
+		b.Dispose()
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// NewPyModVar creates a new global variable for a Python module.
+func (p Package) NewPyModVar(name string, doInit bool) Global {
+	if v, ok := p.pymods[name]; ok {
+		return v
+	}
+	prog := p.Prog
+	objPtr := prog.PyObjectPtrPtr().raw.Type
+	g := p.NewVar(name, objPtr, InC)
+	if doInit {
+		g.Init(prog.Null(g.Type))
+		g.impl.SetLinkage(llvm.LinkOnceAnyLinkage)
+	}
+	p.pymods[name] = g
+	return g
+}
+
+// ImportPyMod imports a Python module.
+func (b Builder) ImportPyMod(path string) Expr {
+	pkg := b.Func.Pkg
+	fnImp := pkg.pyFunc("PyImport_ImportModule", b.Prog.tyImportPyModule())
+	return b.Call(fnImp, b.CStr(path))
+}
+
+// LoadPyModSyms loads python objects from specified module.
+func (b Builder) LoadPyModSyms(modName string, objs ...PyObjRef) Expr {
+	pkg := b.Func.Pkg
+	fnLoad := pkg.pyFunc("llgoLoadPyModSyms", b.Prog.tyLoadPyModSyms())
+	modPtr := pkg.NewPyModVar(modName, false).Expr
+	mod := b.Load(modPtr)
+	args := make([]Expr, 1, len(objs)*2+2)
+	args[0] = mod
+	nbase := len(modName) + 1
+	for _, o := range objs {
+		fullName := o.impl.Name()
+		name := fullName[nbase:]
+		args = append(args, b.CStr(name))
+		args = append(args, o.Expr)
+	}
+	prog := b.Prog
+	args = append(args, prog.Null(prog.CStr()))
+	return b.Call(fnLoad, args...)
+}
+
+func (b Builder) pyCall(fn Expr, args []Expr) (ret Expr) {
+	prog := b.Prog
+	pkg := b.Func.Pkg
+	fn = b.Load(fn)
+	sig := fn.raw.Type.(*types.Signature)
+	params := sig.Params()
+	n := params.Len()
+	switch n {
+	case 0:
+		call := pkg.pyFunc("PyObject_CallNoArgs", prog.tyCallNoArgs())
+		ret = b.Call(call, fn)
+	case 1:
+		call := pkg.pyFunc("PyObject_CallOneArg", prog.tyCallOneArg())
+		ret = b.Call(call, fn, args[0])
+	default:
+		panic("todo")
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// CallPyInit calls Py_Initialize.
+func (b Builder) CallPyInit() (ret Expr) {
+	fn := b.Func.Pkg.pyFunc("Py_Initialize", NoArgsNoRet)
+	return b.Call(fn)
+}
+
+var (
+	NoArgsNoRet = types.NewSignatureType(nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, false)
+)
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

ssa/ssa_test.go

@@ -25,6 +25,34 @@ import (
 	"github.com/goplus/llvm"
 )
 
+func TestSetBlock(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Log("SetBlock: no error?")
+		}
+	}()
+	fn := &aFunction{}
+	b := &aBuilder{Func: fn}
+	b.SetBlock(&aBasicBlock{})
+}
+
+func TestSetBlockEx(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r == nil {
+			t.Log("SetBlockEx: no error?")
+		}
+	}()
+	fn := &aFunction{}
+	b := &aBuilder{Func: fn}
+	b.SetBlockEx(&aBasicBlock{fn: fn}, -1)
+}
+
+func TestSetPython(t *testing.T) {
+	prog := NewProgram(nil)
+	typ := types.NewPackage("foo", "foo")
+	prog.SetPython(typ)
+}
+
 func TestClosureCtx(t *testing.T) {
 	defer func() {
 		if r := recover(); r == nil {
@@ -106,10 +134,32 @@ func assertPkg(t *testing.T, p Package, expected string) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestPyFunc(t *testing.T) {
+	prog := NewProgram(nil)
+	py := types.NewPackage("foo", "foo")
+	o := types.NewTypeName(0, py, "Object", nil)
+	types.NewNamed(o, types.Typ[types.Int], nil)
+	py.Scope().Insert(o)
+	prog.SetPython(py)
+	pkg := prog.NewPackage("bar", "foo/bar")
+	sig := types.NewSignatureType(nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, false)
+	a := pkg.NewPyFunc("a", sig, false)
+	if pkg.NewPyFunc("a", sig, false) != a {
+		t.Fatal("NewPyFunc(a) failed")
+	}
+	foo := pkg.NewPyModVar("foo", false)
+	if pkg.NewPyModVar("foo", false) != foo {
+		t.Fatal("NewPyModVar(foo) failed")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestVar(t *testing.T) {
 	prog := NewProgram(nil)
 	pkg := prog.NewPackage("bar", "foo/bar")
 	a := pkg.NewVar("a", types.Typ[types.Int], InGo)
+	if pkg.NewVar("a", types.Typ[types.Int], InGo) != a {
+		t.Fatal("NewVar(a) failed")
+	}
 	a.Init(prog.Val(100))
 	b := pkg.NewVar("b", types.Typ[types.Int], InGo)
 	b.Init(a.Expr)
@@ -149,7 +199,7 @@ source_filename = "foo/bar"
 
 @a = external global {}
 `)
-	if prog.NeedRuntime() {
+	if prog.NeedRuntime {
 		t.Fatal("NeedRuntime?")
 	}
 }

ssa/stmt_builder.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"go/types"
 	"log"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/goplus/llvm"
 )
@@ -57,18 +58,67 @@ type aBuilder struct {
 // Builder represents a builder for creating instructions in a function.
 type Builder = *aBuilder
 
-// SetBlock sets the current block to the specified basic block.
+// Dispose disposes of the builder.
+func (b Builder) Dispose() {
+	b.impl.Dispose()
+}
+
+// SetBlock means SetBlockEx(blk, AtEnd).
 func (b Builder) SetBlock(blk BasicBlock) Builder {
-	if b.Func != blk.fn {
-		panic("mismatched function")
-	}
 	if debugInstr {
 		log.Printf("Block _llgo_%v:\n", blk.idx)
 	}
-	b.impl.SetInsertPointAtEnd(blk.impl)
+	b.SetBlockEx(blk, AtEnd)
 	return b
 }
 
+type InsertPoint int
+
+const (
+	AtEnd InsertPoint = iota
+	AtStart
+	AfterInit
+)
+
+// SetBlockEx sets blk as current basic block and pos as its insert point.
+func (b Builder) SetBlockEx(blk BasicBlock, pos InsertPoint) Builder {
+	if b.Func != blk.fn {
+		panic("mismatched function")
+	}
+	switch pos {
+	case AtEnd:
+		b.impl.SetInsertPointAtEnd(blk.impl)
+	case AtStart:
+		b.impl.SetInsertPointBefore(blk.impl.FirstInstruction())
+	case AfterInit:
+		b.impl.SetInsertPointBefore(instrAfterInit(blk.impl))
+	default:
+		panic("SetBlockEx: invalid pos")
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
+func instrAfterInit(blk llvm.BasicBlock) llvm.Value {
+	instr := blk.FirstInstruction()
+	for {
+		instr = llvm.NextInstruction(instr)
+		if notInit(instr) {
+			return instr
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func notInit(instr llvm.Value) bool {
+	switch op := instr.InstructionOpcode(); op {
+	case llvm.Call:
+		if n := instr.OperandsCount(); n == 1 {
+			fn := instr.Operand(0)
+			return !strings.HasSuffix(fn.Name(), ".init")
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
 // Panic emits a panic instruction.
 func (b Builder) Panic(v Expr) {
 	if debugInstr {

ssa/type.go

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ const (
 	vkFuncDecl
 	vkFuncPtr
 	vkClosure
+	vkPyFuncRef
 	vkTuple
 	vkPhisExpr = -1
 )
@@ -188,6 +189,10 @@ func (p Program) tyInt64() llvm.Type {
 	return p.int64Type
 }
 
+func (p Program) toTuple(typ *types.Tuple) Type {
+	return &aType{p.toLLVMTuple(typ), rawType{typ}, vkTuple}
+}
+
 func (p Program) toType(raw types.Type) Type {
 	typ := rawType{raw}
 	switch t := raw.(type) {
@@ -251,7 +256,11 @@ func (p Program) toType(raw types.Type) Type {
 }
 
 func (p Program) toLLVMNamedStruct(name string, raw *types.Struct) llvm.Type {
+	if typ, ok := p.named[name]; ok {
+		return typ
+	}
 	t := p.ctx.StructCreateNamed(name)
+	p.named[name] = t
 	fields := p.toLLVMFields(raw)
 	t.StructSetBody(fields, false)
 	return t

ssa/type_cvt.go

@@ -27,11 +27,13 @@ import (
 
 type goTypes struct {
 	typs  map[unsafe.Pointer]unsafe.Pointer
+	named map[string]*types.Named
 }
 
 func newGoTypes() goTypes {
 	typs := make(map[unsafe.Pointer]unsafe.Pointer)
-	return goTypes{typs}
+	named := make(map[string]*types.Named)
+	return goTypes{typs, named}
 }
 
 type Background int
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@ const (
 	inUnknown Background = iota
 	InGo
 	InC
+	InPython
 )
 
 // Type convert a Go/C type into raw type.
@@ -54,8 +57,11 @@ func (p Program) Type(typ types.Type, bg Background) Type {
 
 // FuncDecl converts a Go/C function declaration into raw type.
 func (p Program) FuncDecl(sig *types.Signature, bg Background) Type {
+	recv := sig.Recv()
 	if bg == InGo {
-		sig = p.gocvt.cvtFunc(sig, sig.Recv())
+		sig = p.gocvt.cvtFunc(sig, recv)
+	} else if recv != nil { // even in C, we need to add ctx for method
+		sig = FuncAddCtx(recv, sig)
 	}
 	return &aType{p.toLLVMFunc(sig), rawType{sig}, vkFuncDecl}
 }
@@ -115,10 +121,16 @@ func (p goTypes) cvtNamed(t *types.Named) (raw *types.Named, cvt bool) {
 	defer func() {
 		p.typs[unsafe.Pointer(t)] = unsafe.Pointer(raw)
 	}()
+	id := t.String()
+	if named, ok := p.named[id]; ok {
+		return named, false
+	}
+	named := types.NewNamed(t.Obj(), types.Typ[types.Int], nil)
+	p.named[id] = named
+	defer delete(p.named, id)
 	if tund, cvt := p.cvtType(t.Underlying()); cvt {
-		old := t.Obj()
+		named.SetUnderlying(tund)
-		obj := types.NewTypeName(old.Pos(), old.Pkg(), old.Name(), nil)
+		return named, true
-		return types.NewNamed(obj, tund, nil), true
 	}
 	return t, false
 }

x/sqlite/sqlite.ll

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ source_filename = "github.com/goplus/llgo/x/sqlite"
 define ptr @"(*github.com/goplus/llgo/x/sqlite.Errno).Errstr"(ptr %0) {
 _llgo_0:
   %1 = load i32, ptr %0, align 4
-  %2 = call ptr @sqlite3_errstr()
+  %2 = call ptr @sqlite3_errstr(i32 %1)
   ret ptr %2
 }
 
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ _llgo_0:
 define { ptr, i32 } @"(*github.com/goplus/llgo/x/sqlite.Sqlite3).Prepare"(ptr %0, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1, ptr %2) {
 _llgo_0:
   %3 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 8)
-  %4 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1)
+  %4 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1, 0
-  %5 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1)
+  %5 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1, 1
   %6 = trunc i64 %5 to i32
   %7 = call i32 @sqlite3_prepare(ptr %0, ptr %4, i32 %6, ptr %3, ptr %2)
   %8 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ _llgo_0:
 define { ptr, i32 } @"(*github.com/goplus/llgo/x/sqlite.Sqlite3).PrepareV2"(ptr %0, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1, ptr %2) {
 _llgo_0:
   %3 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 8)
-  %4 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1)
+  %4 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1, 0
-  %5 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1)
+  %5 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1, 1
   %6 = trunc i64 %5 to i32
   %7 = call i32 @sqlite3_prepare_v2(ptr %0, ptr %4, i32 %6, ptr %3, ptr %2)
   %8 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ _llgo_0:
 define { ptr, i32 } @"(*github.com/goplus/llgo/x/sqlite.Sqlite3).PrepareV3"(ptr %0, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1, i32 %2, ptr %3) {
 _llgo_0:
   %4 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 8)
-  %5 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1)
+  %5 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1, 0
-  %6 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1)
+  %6 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %1, 1
   %7 = trunc i64 %6 to i32
   %8 = call i32 @sqlite3_prepare_v3(ptr %0, ptr %5, i32 %7, i32 %2, ptr %4, ptr %3)
   %9 = load ptr, ptr %4, align 8
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
   ret void
 }
 
-declare ptr @sqlite3_errstr()
+declare ptr @sqlite3_errstr(i32)
 
 declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
 
@@ -92,12 +92,8 @@ declare i32 @sqlite3_open(ptr, ptr)
 
 declare i32 @sqlite3_open_v2(ptr, ptr, i32, ptr)
 
-declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringData"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+declare i32 @sqlite3_prepare(ptr, ptr, i32, ptr, ptr)
 
-declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringLen"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+declare i32 @sqlite3_prepare_v2(ptr, ptr, i32, ptr, ptr)
 
-declare i32 @sqlite3_prepare(ptr, i32, ptr, ptr)
+declare i32 @sqlite3_prepare_v3(ptr, ptr, i32, i32, ptr, ptr)
-
-declare i32 @sqlite3_prepare_v2(ptr, i32, ptr, ptr)
-
-declare i32 @sqlite3_prepare_v3(ptr, i32, i32, ptr, ptr)

xtool/clang/parser/parse.go

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"os/exec"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/clang/ast"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/clang/ast"
 	jsoniter "github.com/json-iterator/go"
 )
 

xtool/clang/preprocessor/preprocessor.go

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/clang/pathutil"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/clang/pathutil"
 )
 
 const (

xtool/clang/types/parser/parser.go

@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/goplus/gogen"
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/clang/types/scanner"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/clang/types/scanner"
 
-	ctypes "github.com/goplus/llgo/x/clang/types"
+	ctypes "github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/clang/types"
 )
 
 const (

xtool/env/llvm/llvm.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ package llvm
 import (
 	"os"
 
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/x/nm"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/nm"
 )
 
 type Env struct {