Merge pull request #536 from xushiwei/x

doc How-to-migrate-a-C&C++-Library

.github/workflows/go.yml

@@ -5,24 +5,25 @@ name: Go
 
 on:
   push:
-    branches: [ "main" ]
+    branches: [ "*" ]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ "main" ]
+    branches: [ "*" ]
 
 jobs:
 
   test:
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [macos-latest, ubuntu-latest]
-        llvm: [17]
+        # os: [macos-latest, ubuntu-latest]
+        os: [macos-latest]
+        llvm: [18]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Update Homebrew
-        # needed as long as LLVM 17 is still fresh
-        if: matrix.llvm == 17 && startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos')
+        # needed as long as LLVM 18 is still fresh
+        if: matrix.llvm == 18 && startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos')
         run: brew update
       - name: Install LLVM ${{ matrix.llvm }} and bdw-gc
         if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos')

.github/workflows/populate_darwin_sysroot.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+TMPDIR="$(mktemp -d)"
+export TMPDIR
+trap 'rm -rf "${TMPDIR}"' EXIT
+
+DARWIN_AMD64_LLVM_PREFIX=.sysroot/darwin/amd64/usr/local/opt/llvm@18
+DARWIN_ARM64_LLVM_PREFIX=.sysroot/darwin/arm64/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm@18
+mkdir -p "${DARWIN_AMD64_LLVM_PREFIX}" "${DARWIN_ARM64_LLVM_PREFIX}"
+
+BREW_LLVM_FORMULA_JSON="$(mktemp)"
+curl -fsSL https://formulae.brew.sh/api/formula/llvm.json > "${BREW_LLVM_FORMULA_JSON}"
+BREW_LLVM_AMD64_BOTTLE_URL=$(jq -r '.bottle.stable.files.sonoma.url' "${BREW_LLVM_FORMULA_JSON}")
+BREW_LLVM_ARM64_BOTTLE_URL=$(jq -r '.bottle.stable.files.arm64_sonoma.url' "${BREW_LLVM_FORMULA_JSON}")
+curl -fsSL -H "Authorization: Bearer QQ==" "${BREW_LLVM_AMD64_BOTTLE_URL}" | tar -xzf - --strip-components=2 -C "${DARWIN_AMD64_LLVM_PREFIX}"
+curl -fsSL -H "Authorization: Bearer QQ==" "${BREW_LLVM_ARM64_BOTTLE_URL}" | tar -xzf - --strip-components=2 -C "${DARWIN_ARM64_LLVM_PREFIX}"
+
+patch_homebrew_lib_dir() {
+	local LIB_DIR="$1"
+	local HOMEBREW_PREFIX="$2"
+	for DYLIB_FILE in "${LIB_DIR}"/*.dylib; do
+		if [[ -f "${DYLIB_FILE}" ]]; then
+			ID=$(otool -D "${DYLIB_FILE}" | grep '@@HOMEBREW_PREFIX@@' | awk '{print $1}')
+			if [[ -n "${ID}" ]]; then
+				NEW_ID=${ID/'@@HOMEBREW_PREFIX@@'/${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}}
+				install_name_tool -id "${NEW_ID}" "${DYLIB_FILE}"
+			fi
+
+			DEPS=$(otool -L "${DYLIB_FILE}" | grep '@@HOMEBREW_PREFIX@@' | awk '{print $1}')
+			for DEP in ${DEPS}; do
+				NEW_DEP=${DEP/'@@HOMEBREW_PREFIX@@'/${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}}
+				install_name_tool -change "${DEP}" "${NEW_DEP}" "${DYLIB_FILE}"
+			done
+		fi
+	done
+}
+patch_homebrew_lib_dir "${DARWIN_AMD64_LLVM_PREFIX}/lib" /usr/lib
+patch_homebrew_lib_dir "${DARWIN_ARM64_LLVM_PREFIX}/lib" /opt/homebrew

.github/workflows/populate_linux_sysroot.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+TMPDIR="$(mktemp -d)"
+export TMPDIR
+trap 'rm -rf "${TMPDIR}"' EXIT
+
+LINUX_AMD64_PREFIX=.sysroot/linux/amd64
+LINUX_ARM64_PREFIX=.sysroot/linux/arm64
+mkdir -p "${LINUX_AMD64_PREFIX}" "${LINUX_ARM64_PREFIX}"
+
+POPULATE_LINUX_SYSROOT_SCRIPT="$(mktemp)"
+cat > "${POPULATE_LINUX_SYSROOT_SCRIPT}" << EOF
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+apt-get update
+apt-get install -y lsb-release gnupg2 wget rsync
+
+echo "deb http://apt.llvm.org/\$(lsb_release -cs)/ llvm-toolchain-\$(lsb_release -cs)-18 main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/llvm.list
+wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | apt-key add -
+apt-get update
+apt-get install -y llvm-18-dev
+
+error() {
+	echo -e "\$1" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+exclude_list=()
+include_list=()
+
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/bin")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/boot")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/boot*")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/dev")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/etc")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/home")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/lib/dhcpd")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/lib/firmware")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/lib/hdparm")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/lib/ifupdown")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/lib/modules")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/lib/modprobe.d")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/lib/modules-load.d")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/lib/resolvconf")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/lib/startpar")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/lib/systemd")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/lib/terminfo")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/lib/udev")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/lib/xtables")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/lib/ssl/private")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/lost+found")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/media")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/mnt")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/proc")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/root")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/run")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/sbin")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/srv")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/sys")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/tmp")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/usr/bin")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/usr/games")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/usr/sbin")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/usr/share")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/usr/src")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/usr/local/bin")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/usr/local/etc")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/usr/local/games")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/usr/local/man")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/usr/local/sbin")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/usr/local/share")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/usr/local/src")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/usr/lib/ssl/private")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/var")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "/snap")
+exclude_list+=(--exclude "*python*")
+
+include_list+=(--include "*.a")
+include_list+=(--include "*.so")
+include_list+=(--include "*.so.*")
+include_list+=(--include "*.h")
+include_list+=(--include "*.hh")
+include_list+=(--include "*.hpp")
+include_list+=(--include "*.hxx")
+include_list+=(--include "*.pc")
+include_list+=(--include "*.def")
+include_list+=(--include "*.inc")
+include_list+=(--include "/lib")
+include_list+=(--include "/lib32")
+include_list+=(--include "/lib64")
+include_list+=(--include "/libx32")
+include_list+=(--include "*/")
+
+do-sync() {
+	from=\$1
+	to=\$2
+
+	args=()
+	args+=(-a)
+	args+=(-z)
+	args+=(-m)
+	args+=(-d)
+	args+=(-h)
+	args+=(--keep-dirlinks)
+	args+=("--info=progress2")
+	args+=(--delete)
+	args+=(--prune-empty-dirs)
+	args+=(--sparse)
+	args+=(--links)
+	args+=(--copy-unsafe-links)
+	args+=("\${exclude_list[@]}")
+	args+=("\${include_list[@]}")
+	args+=(--exclude "*")
+	args+=("\${from}")
+	args+=("\${to}")
+
+	echo "\${args[@]}"
+	rsync "\${args[@]}"
+
+	exit \$?
+}
+
+do-sync / /sysroot/
+EOF
+chmod +x "${POPULATE_LINUX_SYSROOT_SCRIPT}"
+
+populate_linux_sysroot() {
+	local ARCH="$1"
+	local PREFIX="$2"
+	docker run \
+		--rm \
+		--platform "linux/${ARCH}" \
+		-v "$(pwd)/${PREFIX}":/sysroot \
+		-v "${POPULATE_LINUX_SYSROOT_SCRIPT}":/populate_linux_sysroot.sh \
+		debian:bullseye \
+		/populate_linux_sysroot.sh
+}
+populate_linux_sysroot amd64 "${LINUX_AMD64_PREFIX}"
+populate_linux_sysroot arm64 "${LINUX_ARM64_PREFIX}"

.github/workflows/release-build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+name: Release Build
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - "*"
+
+jobs:
+  populate-darwin-sysroot:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Populate Darwin sysroot
+        run: bash .github/workflows/populate_darwin_sysroot.sh
+      - name: Create Darwin sysroot tarball
+        run: tar -czvf .sysroot/darwin.tar.gz -C .sysroot darwin
+      - name: Upload Darwin sysroot tarball
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: darwin-sysroot-tarball
+          path: .sysroot/darwin.tar.gz
+          compression-level: 0
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: populate-darwin-sysroot
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: 1.20.x
+      - name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      - name: Download Darwin sysroot tarball
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: darwin-sysroot-tarball
+          path: .sysroot
+      - name: Populate Darwin sysroot
+        run: tar -xzvf .sysroot/darwin.tar.gz -C .sysroot
+      - name: Populate Linux sysroot
+        run: bash .github/workflows/populate_linux_sysroot.sh
+      - name: Run GoReleaser
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{github.token}}
+        run: |
+          docker run \
+            --rm \
+            -e GITHUB_TOKEN=${GITHUB_TOKEN} \
+            -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
+            -v $(pwd):/go/src/llgo \
+            -w /go/src/llgo \
+            ghcr.io/goreleaser/goreleaser-cross:v1.22 \
+            release --clean --skip nfpm,snapcraft

.github/workflows/test_demo.sh

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ for d in ./_demo/* ./_pydemo/*; do
   total=$((total+1))
   if [ -d "$d" ]; then
     echo "Testing $d"
-    if ! llgo run -v "$d"; then
+    if ! llgo run "$d"; then
       echo "FAIL"
       failed=$((failed+1))
       failed_cases="$failed_cases\n* :x: $d"

.github/workflows/test_llgo.sh

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ set -e
 export LLGOROOT=$PWD
 
 testcmd=/tmp/test
-llgo build -o $testcmd ./_test
+llgo build -o $testcmd ./c/bdwgc/_test
 cases=$($testcmd)
 total=$(echo "$cases" | wc -l | tr -d ' ')
 failed=0

.gitignore

@@ -35,3 +35,7 @@ build.dir/
 
 # Go workspace file
 go.work*
+
+# GoReleaser
+.dist/
+.sysroot/

.goreleaser.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+version: 2
+
+dist: .dist
+
+env:
+  - SYSROOT_DARWIN_AMD64={{.Env.PWD}}/.sysroot/darwin/amd64
+  - SYSROOT_DARWIN_ARM64={{.Env.PWD}}/.sysroot/darwin/arm64
+  - SYSROOT_LINUX_AMD64={{.Env.PWD}}/.sysroot/linux/amd64
+  - SYSROOT_LINUX_ARM64={{.Env.PWD}}/.sysroot/linux/arm64
+  - CGO_ENABLED=1
+  - CGO_CXXFLAGS=-std=c++17
+
+before:
+  hooks:
+    - go mod download
+
+builds:
+  - id: llgo-darwin-amd64
+    main: ./cmd/llgo
+    flags:
+      - -tags=darwin,amd64,byollvm
+    ldflags:
+      - -X github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/env.buildVersion=v{{.Version}}
+      - -X github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/env.buildDate={{.Date}}
+      - -X github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/env/llvm.ldLLVMConfigBin=/usr/local/opt/llvm@18/bin/llvm-config
+    env:
+      - CC=o64-clang
+      - CXX=o64-clang++
+      - CGO_CPPFLAGS=-I{{.Env.SYSROOT_DARWIN_AMD64}}/usr/local/opt/llvm@18/include -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS -D__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS -D__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+      - CGO_LDFLAGS=-L{{.Env.SYSROOT_DARWIN_AMD64}}/usr/local/opt/llvm@18/lib -Wl,-search_paths_first -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names -lLLVM-18 -lz -lm
+    targets:
+      - darwin_amd64
+    mod_timestamp: "{{.CommitTimestamp}}"
+  - id: llgo-darwin-arm64
+    main: ./cmd/llgo
+    flags:
+      - -tags=darwin,arm64,byollvm
+    ldflags:
+      - -X github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/env.buildVersion=v{{.Version}}
+      - -X github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/env.buildDate={{.Date}}
+      - -X github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/env/llvm.ldLLVMConfigBin=/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm@18/bin/llvm-config
+    env:
+      - CC=oa64-clang
+      - CXX=oa64-clang++
+      - CGO_CPPFLAGS=-I{{.Env.SYSROOT_DARWIN_ARM64}}/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm@18/include -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS -D__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS -D__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+      - CGO_LDFLAGS=-L{{.Env.SYSROOT_DARWIN_ARM64}}/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm@18/lib -Wl,-search_paths_first -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names -lLLVM-18 -lz -lm
+    targets:
+      - darwin_arm64
+    mod_timestamp: "{{.CommitTimestamp}}"
+  - id: llgo-linux-amd64
+    main: ./cmd/llgo
+    flags:
+      - -tags=linux,amd64,byollvm
+    ldflags:
+      - -X github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/env.buildVersion=v{{.Version}}
+      - -X github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/env.buildDate={{.Date}}
+      - -X github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/env/llvm.ldLLVMConfigBin=/usr/lib/llvm-18/bin/llvm-config
+    env:
+      - CC=x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc
+      - CXX=x86_64-linux-gnu-g++
+      - CGO_CPPFLAGS=--sysroot={{.Env.SYSROOT_LINUX_AMD64}} -I{{.Env.SYSROOT_LINUX_AMD64}}/usr/include/llvm-18 -I{{.Env.SYSROOT_LINUX_AMD64}}/usr/include/llvm-c-18 -D_GNU_SOURCE -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS -D__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS -D__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+      - CGO_LDFLAGS=--sysroot={{.Env.SYSROOT_LINUX_AMD64}} -L{{.Env.SYSROOT_LINUX_AMD64}}/usr/lib/llvm-18/lib -lLLVM-18
+    targets:
+      - linux_amd64
+    mod_timestamp: "{{.CommitTimestamp}}"
+  - id: llgo-linux-arm64
+    main: ./cmd/llgo
+    flags:
+      - -tags=linux,arm64,byollvm
+    ldflags:
+      - -X github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/env.buildVersion=v{{.Version}}
+      - -X github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/env.buildDate={{.Date}}
+      - -X github.com/goplus/llgo/xtool/env/llvm.ldLLVMConfigBin=/usr/lib/llvm-18/bin/llvm-config
+    env:
+      - CC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
+      - CXX=aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
+      - CGO_CPPFLAGS=--sysroot={{.Env.SYSROOT_LINUX_ARM64}} -I{{.Env.SYSROOT_LINUX_ARM64}}/usr/include/llvm-18 -I{{.Env.SYSROOT_LINUX_ARM64}}/usr/include/llvm-c-18 -D_GNU_SOURCE -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS -D__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS -D__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+      - CGO_LDFLAGS=--sysroot={{.Env.SYSROOT_LINUX_ARM64}} -L{{.Env.SYSROOT_LINUX_ARM64}}/usr/lib/llvm-18/lib -lLLVM-18
+    targets:
+      - linux_arm64
+    mod_timestamp: "{{.CommitTimestamp}}"
+
+archives:
+  - format: tar.gz
+    name_template: >-
+      {{.ProjectName}}{{.Version}}.{{.Os}}-{{.Arch}}
+      {{- if .Arm}}v{{.Arm}}{{end}}
+    files:
+      - LICENSE
+      - README.md
+
+checksum:
+  name_template: "{{.ProjectName}}{{.Version}}.checksums.txt"
+
+nfpms:
+  - package_name: llgo
+    vendor: goplus
+    homepage: https://github.com/goplus/llgo
+    maintainer: Aofei Sheng <aofei@aofeisheng.com>
+    description: |
+      LLGo is a Go compiler based on LLVM in order to better integrate Go with the C ecosystem including Python. It's a
+      subproject of the Go+ project.
+
+      LLGo aims to expand the boundaries of Go/Go+, providing limitless possibilities such as:
+
+      - Game development
+      - AI and data science
+      - WebAssembly
+      - Embedded development
+      - ...
+    license: Apache-2.0
+    formats:
+      - deb
+      - rpm
+    file_name_template: >-
+      {{.ProjectName}}{{.Version}}.{{.Os}}-{{.Arch}}
+      {{- if .Arm}}v{{.Arm}}{{end}}
+    bindir: /usr/local/bin
+
+snapcrafts:
+  - name: llgo
+    title: A Go compiler based on LLVM
+    summary: A Go compiler based on LLVM
+    description: |
+      LLGo is a Go compiler based on LLVM in order to better integrate Go with the C ecosystem including Python. It's a
+      subproject of the Go+ project.
+
+      LLGo aims to expand the boundaries of Go/Go+, providing limitless possibilities such as:
+
+      - Game development
+      - AI and data science
+      - WebAssembly
+      - Embedded development
+      - ...
+    license: Apache-2.0
+    confinement: classic
+    name_template: >-
+      {{.ProjectName}}{{.Version}}.{{.Os}}-{{.Arch}}
+      {{- if .Arm}}v{{.Arm}}{{end}}
+
+snapshot:
+  name_template: '{{trimprefix .Summary "v"}}'
+
+release:
+  prerelease: auto

README.md

@@ -10,8 +10,41 @@ llgo - A Go compiler based on LLVM
 
 LLGo is a Go compiler based on LLVM in order to better integrate Go with the C ecosystem including Python. It's a subproject of [the Go+ project](https://github.com/goplus/gop).
 
+LLGo aims to expand the boundaries of Go/Go+, providing limitless possibilities such as:
 
-## C standard libary support
+* Game development
+* AI and data science
+* WebAssembly
+* Embedded development
+* ...
+
+How can these be achieved?
+
+```
+LLGo := Go + C + Python
+```
+
+LLGo is compatible with C and Python through the language's **Application Binary Interface (ABI)**, while LLGo is compatible with Go through its **syntax (source code)**.
+
+
+## C/C++ standard libary support
+
+You can import a C/C++ standard library in LLGo!
+
+* [c](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c)
+* [c/os](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/os)
+* [c/syscall](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/syscall)
+* [c/math](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/math)
+* [c/math/cmplx](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/math/cmplx)
+* [c/math/rand](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/math/rand)
+* [c/pthread](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/pthread)
+* [c/pthread/sync](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/pthread/sync)
+* [c/sync/atomic](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/sync/atomic)
+* [c/time](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/time)
+* [c/socket](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/socket)
+* [cpp/std](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/cpp/std)
+
+Here is a simple example:
 
 ```go
 package main
@@ -38,7 +71,44 @@ cd <demo-directory>  # eg. cd _demo/hello
 llgo run .
 ```
 
-See [github.com/goplus/llgo/c](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c) for more detials.
+
+## How support C/C++ and Python
+
+LLGo use `go:linkname` to link an extern symbol througth its ABI:
+
+```go
+import _ "unsafe" // for go:linkname
+
+//go:linkname Sqrt C.sqrt
+func Sqrt(x float64) float64
+```
+
+You can directly integrate it into [your own code](_demo/linkname/linkname.go):
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import _ "unsafe" // for go:linkname
+
+//go:linkname Sqrt C.sqrt
+func Sqrt(x float64) float64
+
+func main() {
+	println("sqrt(2) =", Sqrt(2))
+}
+```
+
+Or put it into a package (see [c/math](c/math/math.go)):
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import "github.com/goplus/llgo/c/math"
+
+func main() {
+	println("sqrt(2) =", math.Sqrt(2))
+}
+```
 
 
 ## Python support
@@ -47,38 +117,48 @@ You can import a Python library in LLGo!
 
 And you can import any Python library into `llgo` through a program called `llpyg` (see [Development tools](#development-tools)). The following libraries have been included in `llgo`:
 
-* [builtins](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/std)
-* [sys](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/sys)
-* [os](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/os)
-* [math](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/math)
-* [json](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/json)
-* [inspect](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/inspect)
-* [statistics](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/statistics)
-* [numpy](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/numpy)
-* [pandas](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/pandas)
-* [pytorch](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/torch)
-* [matplotlib](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/matplotlib)
+* [py](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py) (abi)
+* [py/std](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/std) (builtins)
+* [py/sys](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/sys)
+* [py/os](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/os)
+* [py/math](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/math)
+* [py/json](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/json)
+* [py/inspect](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/inspect)
+* [py/statistics](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/statistics)
+* [py/numpy](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/numpy)
+* [py/pandas](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/pandas)
+* [py/torch](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/torch)
+* [py/matplotlib](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/matplotlib)
 
 Note: For third-party libraries (such as pandas and pytorch), you still need to install the library files.
 
-Here is an example using the Python `math` library:
+Here is an example:
 
 ```go
 package main
 
 import (
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/math"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/std"
 )
 
 func main() {
-	x := math.Sqrt(py.Float(2))
-	c.Printf(c.Str("sqrt(2) = %f\n"), x.Float64())
+	x := math.Sqrt(py.Float(2))       // x = sqrt(2)
+	std.Print(py.Str("sqrt(2) ="), x) // print("sqrt(2) =", x)
 }
 ```
 
-Here, We call `py.Float(2)` to create a Python number 2, and pass it to Python’s `math.sqrt` to get `x`. Then use `x.Float64()` to convert x to Go's `float64` type, and print the value through the C `printf` function.
+It is equivalent to the following Python code:
+
+```py
+import math
+
+x = math.sqrt(2)
+print("sqrt =", x)
+```
+
+Here, We call `py.Float(2)` to create a Python number 2, and pass it to Python’s `math.sqrt` to get `x`. Then we call `std.Print` to print the result.
 
 Let's look at a slightly more complex example. For example, we use `numpy` to calculate:
 
@@ -86,9 +166,9 @@ Let's look at a slightly more complex example. For example, we use `numpy` to ca
 package main
 
 import (
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/numpy"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/std"
 )
 
 func main() {
@@ -103,7 +183,7 @@ func main() {
 		py.List(3.0, 2.0, 1.0),
 	)
 	x := numpy.Add(a, b)
-	c.Printf(c.Str("a+b = %s\n"), x.Str().CStr())
+	std.Print(py.Str("a+b ="), x)
 }
 ```
 
@@ -116,37 +196,13 @@ The `_pydemo` directory contains some python related demos:
 * [statistics](_pydemo/statistics/statistics.go): define a python list and call `statistics.mean` to get the mean
 * [matrix](_pydemo/matrix/matrix.go): a basic `numpy` demo
 
-To run these demos, you need to set the `LLGO_LIB_PYTHON` environment variable first.
-
-If Python is in the search path for `clang` linking, then `LLGO_LIB_PYTHON` only needs to be set to the name of the Python library. For example:
-
-```sh
-export LLGO_LIB_PYTHON=python3.12
-```
-
-You can also specify the path to tell `llgo` where the Python library is located:
-
-```sh
-export LLGO_LIB_PYTHON=/foo/bar/python3.12
-```
-
-For example, `/opt/homebrew/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/libpython3.12.dylib` is a typical python library location under macOS. So we should set it like this:
-
-```sh
-export LLGO_LIB_PYTHON=/opt/homebrew/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12
-```
-
-Note that the file name must be written in a platform-independent format, using `python3.12` instead of `libpython3.12.dylib`.
-
-Then you can run the demos:
+To run these demos (If you haven't installed `llgo` yet, please refer to [How to install](#how-to-install)):
 
 ```sh
 cd <demo-directory>  # eg. cd _pydemo/callpy
 llgo run .
 ```
 
-See [github.com/goplus/llgo/py](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py) for more detials.
-
 
 ## Other frequently used libraries
 
@@ -154,24 +210,28 @@ LLGo can easily import any libraries from the C ecosystem. Currently, this impor
 
 The currently supported libraries include:
 
-* [llama2.c](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/llama2)
-* [cjson](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/cjson)
-* [sqlite](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/sqlite)
+* [c/bdwgc](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/bdwgc)
+* [c/cjson](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/cjson)
+* [c/clang](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/clang)
+* [c/llama2](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/llama2)
+* [c/lua](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/lua)
+* [c/neco](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/neco)
+* [c/raylib](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/raylib)
+* [c/sqlite](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/sqlite)
+* [c/zlib](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/zlib)
+* [cpp/inih](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/cpp/inih)
 
 Here are some examples related to them:
 
 * [llama2-c](_demo/llama2-c): inference Llama 2 (It's the first llgo AI example)
 * [mkjson](c/cjson/_demo/mkjson/mkjson.go): create a json object and print it
 * [sqlitedemo](c/sqlite/_demo/sqlitedemo/demo.go): a basic sqlite demo
+* [tetris](c/raylib/_demo/tetris/tetris.go): a tetris game based on raylib
 
 
 ## Go syntax support
 
-Most of the Go syntax is already supported. Except for the following, which needs to be improved:
-
-* map (Very limited support)
-
-Here are some examples related to Go syntax:
+All Go syntax (not including `cgo`) is already supported. Here are some examples:
 
 * [concat](_demo/concat/concat.go): define a variadic function
 * [genints](_demo/genints/genints.go): various forms of closure usage (including C function, recv.method and anonymous function)
@@ -207,15 +267,21 @@ Here are the Go packages that can be imported correctly:
 * [math](https://pkg.go.dev/math)
 * [math/bits](https://pkg.go.dev/math/bits)
 * [math/cmplx](https://pkg.go.dev/math/cmplx)
+* [errors](https://pkg.go.dev/errors)
+* [context](https://pkg.go.dev/context)
+* [io](https://pkg.go.dev/io)
+* [io/fs](https://pkg.go.dev/io/fs)
+* [log](https://pkg.go.dev/log)
+* [flag](https://pkg.go.dev/flag)
 * [sort](https://pkg.go.dev/sort)
 * [strconv](https://pkg.go.dev/strconv)
+* [strings](https://pkg.go.dev/strings)
 * [sync/atomic](https://pkg.go.dev/sync/atomic)
 * [sync](https://pkg.go.dev/sync) (partially)
 * [syscall](https://pkg.go.dev/syscall) (partially)
-* [errors](https://pkg.go.dev/errors) (partially)
-* [io](https://pkg.go.dev/io) (partially)
-* [io/fs](https://pkg.go.dev/io/fs) (partially)
+* [runtime](https://pkg.go.dev/runtime) (partially)
 * [os](https://pkg.go.dev/os) (partially)
+* [os/exec](https://pkg.go.dev/os/exec) (partially)
 * [fmt](https://pkg.go.dev/fmt) (partially)
 * [reflect](https://pkg.go.dev/reflect) (partially)
 * [time](https://pkg.go.dev/time) (partially)
@@ -224,14 +290,14 @@ Here are the Go packages that can be imported correctly:
 ## Dependencies
 
 - [Go 1.20+](https://go.dev) (build only)
-- [LLVM 17](https://llvm.org)
-- [LLD 17](https://lld.llvm.org)
-- [Clang 17](https://clang.llvm.org)
+- [LLVM 18](https://llvm.org)
+- [LLD 18](https://lld.llvm.org)
+- [Clang 18](https://clang.llvm.org)
 - [pkg-config 0.29+](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/pkg-config/)
 - [bdwgc/libgc 8.0+](https://www.hboehm.info/gc/)
-- [cJSON 1.7+](https://github.com/DaveGamble/cJSON) (optional, for [`github.com/goplus/llgo/c/cjson`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/cjson))
-- [SQLite 3](https://www.sqlite.org) (optional, for [`github.com/goplus/llgo/c/sqlite`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/sqlite))
-- [Python 3.11+](https://www.python.org) (optional, for [`github.com/goplus/llgo/py`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py))
+- [cJSON 1.7+](https://github.com/DaveGamble/cJSON) (optional, for [github.com/goplus/llgo/c/cjson](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/cjson))
+- [SQLite 3](https://www.sqlite.org) (optional, for [github.com/goplus/llgo/c/sqlite](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/sqlite))
+- [Python 3.11+](https://www.python.org) (optional, for [github.com/goplus/llgo/py](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py))
 
 ## How to install
 
@@ -241,30 +307,22 @@ Follow these steps to generate the `llgo` command (its usage is the same as the
 
 ```sh
 brew update # execute if needed
-brew install llvm@17 pkg-config libgc
+brew install llvm@18 pkg-config libgc
 brew install cjson sqlite python@3.12 # optional
-export PATH=$(brew --prefix llvm@17)/bin:$PATH # you may want to add this to your shell RC file, e.g. ~/.zshrc
-export CC=clang CXX=clang++ # only for go build; optional if you have other compatible compilers
-git clone https://github.com/goplus/llgo.git
-cd llgo
-export LLGOROOT="/path/to/llgo" # Replace this with the root directory of the llgo project
-go install -v ./...
+export PATH=$(brew --prefix llvm@18)/bin:$PATH # you may want to add this to your shell RC file, e.g. ~/.zshrc
+go install -v github.com/goplus/llgo/cmd/llgo@latest
 ```
 
 ### on Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)
 
 ```sh
-echo "deb http://apt.llvm.org/$(lsb_release -cs)/ llvm-toolchain-$(lsb_release -cs)-17 main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/llvm.list
+echo "deb http://apt.llvm.org/$(lsb_release -cs)/ llvm-toolchain-$(lsb_release -cs)-18 main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/llvm.list
 wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
 sudo apt-get update # execute if needed
-sudo apt-get install -y llvm-17-dev clang-17 lld-17 pkg-config libgc-dev
+sudo apt-get install -y llvm-18-dev clang-18 lld-18 pkg-config libgc-dev
 sudo apt-get install -y libcjson-dev libsqlite3-dev python3.12-dev # optional
-export PATH=/usr/lib/llvm-17/bin:$PATH # you may want to add this to your shell RC file, e.g. ~/.bashrc
-export CC=clang CXX=clang++ # only for go build; optional if you have other compatible compilers
-git clone https://github.com/goplus/llgo.git
-cd llgo
-export LLGOROOT="/path/to/llgo" # Replace this with the root directory of the llgo project
-go install -v ./...
+export PATH=/usr/lib/llvm-18/bin:$PATH # you may want to add this to your shell RC file, e.g. ~/.bashrc
+go install -v github.com/goplus/llgo/cmd/llgo@latest
 ```
 
 ### on Windows
@@ -283,8 +341,9 @@ TODO
 How do I generate these tools?
 
 ```sh
-export CC=clang CXX=clang++ # only for go build; optional if you have other compatible compilers
-go install -v ./...  # compile all tools except pydump
+git clone https://github.com/goplus/llgo.git
+cd llgo
+go install -v ./chore/...  # compile all tools except pydump
 cd chore/_xtool
 llgo install ./...   # compile pydump
 go install github.com/goplus/hdq/chore/pysigfetch@v0.8.1  # compile pysigfetch

_cmptest/_chandemo/chan.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package main
+
+func main() {
+	c1 := make(chan string)
+	c2 := make(chan string, 1)
+	go func() {
+		c1 <- "ch1"
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		c2 <- "ch2"
+	}()
+
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		select {
+		case msg1 := <-c1:
+			println(msg1)
+		case msg2 := <-c2:
+			println(msg2)
+		}
+	}
+}

_cmptest/_timeout/timer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var c chan int
+
+func handle(int) {}
+
+func main() {
+	select {
+	case m := <-c:
+		handle(m)
+	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+		fmt.Println("timed out")
+	}
+}

_cmptest/chansel/chansel.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package main
+
+func fibonacci(c, quit chan int) {
+	x, y := 0, 1
+	for {
+		select {
+		case c <- x:
+			x, y = y, x+y
+		case <-quit:
+			println("quit")
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	c := make(chan int)
+	quit := make(chan int)
+	go func() {
+		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			println(<-c)
+		}
+		close(quit)
+	}()
+	fibonacci(c, quit)
+}

_cmptest/ctxcancel/ctx.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	// gen generates integers in a separate goroutine and
+	// sends them to the returned channel.
+	// The callers of gen need to cancel the context once
+	// they are done consuming generated integers not to leak
+	// the internal goroutine started by gen.
+	gen := func(ctx context.Context) <-chan int {
+		dst := make(chan int)
+		n := 1
+		go func() {
+			for {
+				select {
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					return // returning not to leak the goroutine
+				case dst <- n:
+					n++
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+		return dst
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel() // cancel when we are finished consuming integers
+
+	for n := range gen(ctx) {
+		fmt.Println(n)
+		if n == 5 {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}

_cmptest/flagdemo/flagdemo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	fmt.Println("args:", os.Args[1:])
+	if len(os.Args) == 1 {
+		os.Args = []string{"flagdemo", "-cpu", "100"}
+	}
+
+	verbose := flag.Bool("v", false, "verbose")
+	cpu := flag.Int("cpu", 1, "cpu number")
+	host := flag.String("host", ":8888", "host")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	fmt.Println("host:", *host, "cpu:", *cpu, "verbose:", *verbose)
+}

_cmptest/fmtdemo/fmt.go

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 package main
 
-import "fmt"
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+)
 
 func main() {
 	fmt.Println("Hello, world")
+	fmt.Printf("%f\n", 3.14)
+	fmt.Printf("%v\n", errors.New("error message"))
 }

_cmptest/osproc/exec.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"runtime"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	ls := "ls"
+	args := []string{ls, "-l"}
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		ls = "dir"
+		args = []string{ls}
+	}
+	lspath, _ := exec.LookPath(ls)
+	if lspath != "" {
+		ls = lspath
+	}
+	proc, err := os.StartProcess(ls, args, &os.ProcAttr{
+		Files: []*os.File{nil, os.Stdout, os.Stderr},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println("os.StartProcess error:", err)
+		return
+	}
+	proc.Wait()
+	fmt.Println("proc.Wait done")
+}

_cmptest/strconv/strconv.go

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 package main
 
-import "strconv"
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
 
 func main() {
-	println(strconv.Itoa(-123))
+	fmt.Println(strconv.Itoa(-123))
+	fmt.Println(strings.Split("abc,def,123", ","))
 }

_demo/cchan/cchan.go

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ func main() {
 	runtime.ChanClose(c)
 
 	v = 10
+
 	if runtime.ChanTrySend(c, unsafe.Pointer(&v), eltSize) {
 		println("error: chan send to closed chan")
 	}

_demo/cchansel/cchansel.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime"
+)
+
+const (
+	eltSize = int(unsafe.Sizeof(0))
+)
+
+func fibonacci(c, quit *runtime.Chan) {
+	x, y := 0, 1
+	for {
+		isel, _ := runtime.Select(
+			runtime.ChanOp{C: c, Send: true, Val: unsafe.Pointer(&x), Size: int32(eltSize)},
+			runtime.ChanOp{C: quit},
+		)
+		if isel == 0 {
+			x, y = y, x+y
+		} else {
+			println("quit")
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	c := runtime.NewChan(eltSize, 0)
+	quit := runtime.NewChan(eltSize, 0)
+	go func() {
+		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			val := 0
+			runtime.ChanRecv(c, unsafe.Pointer(&val), eltSize)
+			println(val)
+		}
+		runtime.ChanClose(quit)
+	}()
+	fibonacci(c, quit)
+}

_demo/cexec/exec.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/os"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	ls := c.Str("ls")
+	os.Execlp(ls, ls, c.Str("-l"), nil)
+}

_demo/fcntl/fcntl.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/os"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+func main() {
+
+	filename := c.Str("testfile.txt")
+	data := c.Str("Hello, os!")
+	var buffer [20]c.Char
+
+	// Open a file, O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC means create, write only, or clear the file
+	fd := os.Open(filename, os.O_CREAT|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_TRUNC, 0644)
+	if fd == -1 {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("open error\n"))
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Writing data to a file
+	bytesWritten := os.Write(fd, c.Pointer(data), c.Strlen(data))
+	if bytesWritten == -1 {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("write error\n"))
+		os.Close(fd)
+		return
+	}
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Written %ld bytes to %s\n"), bytesWritten, filename)
+
+	// Get file status flags
+	flags := os.Fcntl(fd, os.F_GETFL)
+	if flags == -1 {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("os error\n"))
+		os.Close(fd)
+		return
+	}
+	c.Printf(c.Str("File flags: %d\n"), flags)
+
+	// Set the file status flag to non-blocking mode
+	if os.Fcntl(fd, os.F_SETFL, flags|os.O_NONBLOCK) == -1 {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("os error\n"))
+		os.Close(fd)
+		return
+	}
+	c.Printf(c.Str("set file status successfully\n"))
+
+
+
+	c.Printf(c.Str("111"))
+	// Close file
+	os.Close(fd)
+
+	// Reopen the file, O_RDONLY means read-only
+	fd = os.Open(filename, os.O_RDONLY)
+	if fd == -1 {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("open error\n"))
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Reading data from a file
+	// &buffer[:][0]
+	// unsafe.SliceData(buffer[:])
+	bytesRead := os.Read(fd, c.Pointer(unsafe.SliceData(buffer[:])), unsafe.Sizeof(buffer)-1)
+	if bytesRead == -1 {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("read error\n"))
+		os.Close(fd)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Ensure that the buffer is null-terminated
+	buffer[bytesRead] = c.Char(0)
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Read %ld bytes: %s\n"), bytesRead, &buffer[0])
+
+	// Close file
+	os.Close(fd)
+}

_demo/hello/hello.go

@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ func main() {
 }
 
 /* Expected output:
-Hello World
+Hello world
 */

_demo/linkname/linkname.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package main
+
+import _ "unsafe" // for go:linkname
+
+//go:linkname Sqrt C.sqrt
+func Sqrt(x float64) float64
+
+func main() {
+	println("sqrt(2) =", Sqrt(2))
+}

_demo/logdemo/log.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"log"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	log.Println("Hello")
+}

_demo/osexec/exec.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"runtime"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	ls := "ls"
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		ls = "dir"
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command(ls)
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	cmd.Run()
+}

_demo/oslookpath/lookpath.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os/exec"
+	"runtime"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	ls := "ls"
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		ls = "dir"
+	}
+	lspath, _ := exec.LookPath(ls)
+	if lspath != "" {
+		ls = lspath
+	}
+	fmt.Println(ls)
+}

_demo/socket/client/client.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/os"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/socket"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	sockfd := socket.Socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0)
+	msg := c.Str("Hello, World!")
+	defer os.Close(sockfd)
+
+	server := socket.GetHostByName(c.Str("localhost"))
+	if server == nil {
+		c.Perror(c.Str("hostname get error"))
+		return
+	}
+
+	servAddr := &socket.SockaddrIn{}
+	servAddr.Family = socket.AF_INET
+	servAddr.Port = socket.Htons(uint16(1234))
+	c.Memcpy(unsafe.Pointer(&servAddr.Addr.Addr), unsafe.Pointer(*server.AddrList), uintptr(server.Length))
+
+	if res := socket.Connect(sockfd, (*socket.SockAddr)(unsafe.Pointer(servAddr)), c.Uint(16)); res < 0 {
+		c.Perror(c.Str("connect error"))
+		return
+	}
+	os.Write(sockfd, unsafe.Pointer(msg), c.Strlen(msg))
+}

_demo/socket/server/server.go

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/os"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/socket"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	var buffer [256]c.Char
+
+	sockfd := socket.Socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0)
+	defer os.Close(sockfd)
+
+	servAddr := &socket.SockaddrIn{
+		Family: socket.AF_INET,
+		Port:   socket.Htons(uint16(1234)),
+		Addr:   socket.InAddr{Addr: 0x00000000},
+		Zero:   [8]c.Char{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+	}
+	if res := socket.Bind(sockfd, servAddr, c.Uint(unsafe.Sizeof(*servAddr))); res < 0 {
+		c.Perror(c.Str("bind error"))
+		return
+	}
+
+	if socket.Listen(sockfd, 5) < 0 {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("listen error"))
+		return
+	}
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Listening on port 1234...\n"))
+
+	cliAddr, clilen := &socket.SockaddrIn{}, c.Uint(unsafe.Sizeof(servAddr))
+
+	newsockfd := socket.Accept(sockfd, cliAddr, &clilen)
+	defer os.Close(newsockfd)
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Connection accepted."))
+
+	os.Read(newsockfd, unsafe.Pointer(unsafe.SliceData(buffer[:])), 256)
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Received: %s"), &buffer[0])
+
+}

_demo/sysexec/exec.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os/exec"
+	"runtime"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	ls := "ls"
+	args := []string{ls, "-l"}
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		ls = "dir"
+		args = []string{ls}
+	}
+	lspath, _ := exec.LookPath(ls)
+	if lspath != "" {
+		ls = lspath
+	}
+	err := syscall.Exec(ls, args, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println("syscall.Exec error:", err)
+		return
+	}
+}

_demo/timedur/timedur.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	t := time.Now().Add(time.Second * 5)
+	fmt.Println(time.Until(t))
+}

_pydemo/callpy/callpy.go

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/math"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/std"
 )
 
 func main() {
-	x := math.Sqrt(py.Float(2))
-	c.Printf(c.Str("sqrt(2) = %f\n"), x.Float64())
+	x := math.Sqrt(py.Float(2))       // x = sqrt(2)
+	std.Print(py.Str("sqrt(2) ="), x) // print("sqrt(2) =", x)
 }

_pydemo/matrix/matrix.go

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/numpy"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/std"
 )
 
 func main() {
@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@ func main() {
 		py.List(3.0, 2.0, 1.0),
 	)
 	x := numpy.Add(a, b)
-	c.Printf(c.Str("a+b = %s\n"), x.Str().CStr())
+	std.Print(py.Str("a+b ="), x)
 }

c/bdwgc/_test/bdwgc.go

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ package main
 import (
 	"unsafe"
 
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/_test/testing"
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/bdwgc"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/bdwgc/_test/testing"
 )
 
 // ------ Test malloc ------

c/bdwgc/_test/main.go

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/_test/testing"
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/bdwgc/_test/testing"
 )
 
 type TestCase struct {

c/c.go

@@ -68,6 +68,13 @@ func Alloca(size uintptr) Pointer
 //go:linkname AllocaCStr llgo.allocaCStr
 func AllocaCStr(s string) *Char
 
+//go:linkname AllocaCStrs llgo.allocaCStrs
+func AllocaCStrs(strs []string, endWithNil bool) **Char
+
+// TODO(xsw):
+// llgo:link AllocaNew llgo.allocaNew
+func AllocaNew[T any]() *T { return nil }
+
 //go:linkname Malloc C.malloc
 func Malloc(size uintptr) Pointer
 
@@ -208,6 +215,15 @@ func Fputs(s *Char, fp FilePtr) Int
 //go:linkname Fflush C.fflush
 func Fflush(fp FilePtr) Int
 
+//go:linkname Fopen C.fopen
+func Fopen(c *Char, mod *Char) FilePtr
+
+//go:linkname Fclose C.fclose
+func Fclose(fp FilePtr) Int
+
+//go:linkname Perror C.perror
+func Perror(s *Char)
+
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 //go:linkname Time C.time

c/clang/_demo/castdump/astdump.go

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/clang"
 )
@@ -13,6 +16,7 @@ func visit(cursor, parent clang.Cursor, clientData c.Pointer) clang.ChildVisitRe
 
 func printAST(cursor clang.Cursor, depth c.Uint) {
 	cursorKind := cursor.Kind.String()
+
 	cursorSpelling := cursor.String()
 
 	for i := c.Uint(0); i < depth; i++ {
@@ -28,9 +32,16 @@ func printAST(cursor clang.Cursor, depth c.Uint) {
 }
 
 func main() {
+	if c.Argc != 2 {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Usage: castdump <headerFile>")
+		return
+	}
+	sourceFile := *c.Advance(c.Argv, 1)
+
 	index := clang.CreateIndex(0, 0)
+
 	unit := index.ParseTranslationUnit(
-		c.Str("todo"),
+		sourceFile,
 		nil, 0,
 		nil, 0,
 		clang.TranslationUnit_None,
@@ -42,6 +53,7 @@ func main() {
 	}
 
 	cursor := unit.Cursor()
+
 	printAST(cursor, 0)
 
 	unit.Dispose()

c/clang/_wrap/cursor.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <clang-c/Index.h>
+
+typedef enum CXChildVisitResult(* wrap_CXCursorVisitor) (CXCursor *cursor, CXCursor *parent, CXClientData client_data);
+
+typedef struct {
+    CXClientData         data;
+    wrap_CXCursorVisitor visitor;
+} wrap_data;
+
+CXChildVisitResult wrap_visitor(CXCursor cursor, CXCursor parent, CXClientData data) {
+    wrap_data *d = (wrap_data*)(data);
+    return d->visitor(&cursor,&parent,d->data);
+}
+
+extern "C" {
+
+CXString wrap_clang_getCursorSpelling(CXCursor *cur) {
+    return clang_getCursorSpelling(*cur);
+}
+
+unsigned wrap_clang_visitChildren(CXCursor *parent, 
+    wrap_CXCursorVisitor visitor,
+    CXClientData client_data) {
+    wrap_data data = {client_data,visitor};
+    return clang_visitChildren(*parent,wrap_visitor,CXClientData(&data));
+}
+
+} // extern "C"

c/clang/_wrap/llgo_check.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <clang-c/Index.h>
+
+int main() {
+    printf("sizeof(clang.Cursor) = %lu\n", sizeof(CXCursor));
+    return 0;
+}

c/clang/_wrap/llgo_check.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/clang"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoCFlags = "-I$(llvm-config --includedir)"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	c.Printf(c.Str("sizeof(clang.Cursor) = %lu\n"), unsafe.Sizeof(clang.Cursor{}))
+}

c/clang/basic.go

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ type String struct {
 /**
  * Retrieve the character data associated with the given string.
  */
-// llgo:link C.clang_getCString
+// llgo:link String.CStr C.clang_getCString
 func (String) CStr() *c.Char { return nil }
 
 /**
  * Free the given string.
  */
-// llgo:link C.clang_disposeString
+// llgo:link String.Dispose C.clang_disposeString
 func (String) Dispose() {}
 
 type StringSet struct {
@@ -55,5 +55,5 @@ type StringSet struct {
 /**
  * Free the given string set.
  */
-// llgo:link C.clang_disposeStringSet
+// llgo:link (*StringSet).Dispose C.clang_disposeStringSet
 func (*StringSet) Dispose() {}

c/clang/clang.go

@@ -17,12 +17,13 @@
 package clang
 
 import (
-	_ "unsafe"
+	"unsafe"
 
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
 )
 
 const (
+	LLGoFiles   = "$(llvm-config --cflags): _wrap/cursor.cpp"
 	LLGoPackage = "link: -L$(llvm-config --libdir) -lclang; -lclang"
 )
 
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ type TranslationUnit struct {
 /**
  * Destroy the specified CXTranslationUnit object.
  */
-// llgo:linke (*TranslationUnit).Dispose C.clang_disposeTranslationUnit
+// llgo:link (*TranslationUnit).Dispose C.clang_disposeTranslationUnit
 func (*TranslationUnit) Dispose() {}
 
 /**
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ func (*TranslationUnit) Cursor() (ret Cursor) {
 type CursorKind c.Int
 
 /* for debug/testing */
-// llgo:link (CursorKind).String C.clang_getCursorKindSpelling
+// llgo:link CursorKind.String C.clang_getCursorKindSpelling
 func (CursorKind) String() (ret String) {
 	return
 }
@@ -204,11 +205,15 @@ type Cursor struct {
 /**
  * Retrieve a name for the entity referenced by this cursor.
  */
-// llgo:link C.clang_getCursorSpelling
-func (Cursor) String() (ret String) {
+// llgo:link (*Cursor).wrapString C.wrap_clang_getCursorSpelling
+func (*Cursor) wrapString() (ret String) {
 	return
 }
 
+func (c Cursor) String() (ret String) {
+	return c.wrapString()
+}
+
 /**
  * Describes how the traversal of the children of a particular
  * cursor should proceed after visiting a particular child cursor.
@@ -257,10 +262,31 @@ const (
  * \returns a non-zero value if the traversal was terminated
  * prematurely by the visitor returning \c CXChildVisit_Break.
  */
-//go:linkname VisitChildren C.clang_visitChildren
-func VisitChildren(
-	cusor Cursor,
-	visitor func(cursor, parent Cursor, clientData ClientData) ChildVisitResult,
+//go:linkname wrapVisitChildren C.wrap_clang_visitChildren
+func wrapVisitChildren(
+	cusor *Cursor,
+	fn wrapVisitor,
 	clientData ClientData) c.Uint {
 	return 0
 }
+
+//llgo:type C
+type wrapVisitor func(cursor, parent *Cursor, clientData ClientData) ChildVisitResult
+
+type wrapData struct {
+	data ClientData
+	fn   Visitor
+}
+
+func VisitChildren(
+	root Cursor,
+	fn Visitor,
+	clientData ClientData) c.Uint {
+	return wrapVisitChildren(&root, func(cursor, parent *Cursor, data ClientData) ChildVisitResult {
+		p := (*wrapData)(data)
+		return p.fn(*cursor, *parent, p.data)
+	}, unsafe.Pointer(&wrapData{clientData, fn}))
+}
+
+//llgo:type C
+type Visitor func(cursor, parent Cursor, clientData ClientData) ChildVisitResult

c/lua/_demo/coroutine/coroutine.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/lua"
+)
+
+func coroutineFunc(L *lua.State) {
+	L.Loadstring(c.Str(`
+	function coro_func()
+	   for i = 1, 5 do
+	       coroutine.yield(i)
+	   end
+	end
+	`))
+	L.Pcall(0, 0, 0)
+	L.Getglobal(c.Str("coro_func"))
+}
+
+func main() {
+	L := lua.Newstate()
+	defer L.Close()
+
+	L.Openlibs()
+
+	coroutineFunc(L) // Load and get the coroutine function
+
+	co := L.Newthread() // Create a new coroutine/thread
+	L.Pushvalue(-2)     // Move the function to the top of the stack
+	L.Xmove(co, 1)      // Move the function to the new coroutine
+
+	var nres c.Int
+	var status c.Int
+
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Resuming coroutine...\n"))
+	// Resume coroutine and handle yields
+	for {
+		status = co.Resume(nil, 0, &nres)
+		c.Printf(c.Str("Resuming coroutine %d...\n"), status)
+		if status == lua.YIELD {
+			yieldValue := co.Tointeger(-1)
+			c.Printf(c.Str("Yield value: %d\n"), yieldValue)
+			co.Pop(1) // Clean up the stack
+
+			// Check if the coroutine is yieldable
+			if co.Isyieldable() != 0 {
+				c.Printf(c.Str("Coroutine is yieldable.\n"))
+			} else {
+				c.Printf(c.Str("Coroutine is not yieldable.\n"))
+			}
+
+		} else {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check the final status of the coroutine
+	finalStatus := co.Status()
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Final status of coroutine: %d\n"), finalStatus)
+}

c/lua/_demo/error/error.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/lua"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	L := lua.Newstate()
+	defer L.Close()
+	L.Openlibs()
+	if res := L.Loadstring(c.Str("function doubleNumber(x) ! return x * 2 end")); res != lua.OK {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("error: %s\n"), L.Tostring(-1))
+	}
+}
+
+/* Expected output:
+error: [string "function doubleNumber(x) ! return x * 2 end"]:1: unexpected symbol near '!'
+*/

c/lua/_demo/funccall-concat/funccall.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/lua"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	L := lua.Newstate()
+	defer L.Close()
+
+	L.Openlibs()
+	if res := L.Dostring(c.Str("function combineParams(num, str) return 'Result: ' .. str .. '  ' .. num end")); res != lua.OK {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("error: %s\n"), L.Tostring(-1))
+	}
+	L.Getglobal(c.Str("combineParams"))
+	L.Pushnumber(3.14159)
+	L.Pushstring(c.Str("Hello, World!"))
+	if res := L.Pcall(2, 1, 0); res != lua.OK {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("error: %s\n"), L.Tostring(-1))
+	}
+	if res := L.Isstring(-1); res != 0 {
+		result := L.Tostring(-1)
+		c.Printf(result)
+	}
+}
+
+/* Expected output:
+Result: Hello, World!  3.14159
+*/

c/lua/_demo/funccall-number/funccall.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/lua"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	L := lua.Newstate()
+	defer L.Close()
+
+	L.Openlibs()
+	if res := L.Loadstring(c.Str("function doubleNumber(x) return x * 2 end")); res != lua.OK {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("error: %s\n"), L.Tostring(-1))
+	}
+	if res := L.Pcall(0, 0, 0); res != lua.OK {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("error: %s\n"), L.Tostring(-1))
+	}
+
+	L.Getglobal(c.Str("doubleNumber"))
+	L.Pushnumber(10)
+
+	if res := L.Pcall(1, 1, 0); res != lua.OK {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("error: %s\n"), L.Tostring(-1))
+	}
+
+	if res := L.Isnumber(-1); res != 0 {
+		result := L.Tointeger(-1)
+		c.Printf(c.Str("result: %lld\n"), result)
+	} else {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("error: %s\n"), L.Tostring(-1))
+	}
+}
+
+/* Expected output:
+result: 20
+*/

c/lua/_demo/funccall-string/funccall.go

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/lua"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	L := lua.Newstate()
+	defer L.Close()
+
+	L.Openlibs()
+	code := c.Str(
+		`function processStrings(a, b, c)
+	print('Received string a: ' .. a)
+	print('Received string b: ', b)
+	print('Received string c (formatted): ' .. c)
+	return a .. b .. c
+end`)
+
+	if res := L.Dostring(code); res != lua.OK {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("error: %s\n"), L.Tostring(-1))
+	}
+
+	L.Getglobal(c.Str("processStrings"))
+
+	L.Pushstring(c.Str("Hello, World!"))
+	L.Pushlstring(c.Str(`Hello Lua In LLGO`), 17)
+	L.Pushfstring(c.Str(`Hello %s In %d`), c.Str("LLGO"), 2024)
+
+	if res := L.Pcall(3, 1, 0); res != lua.OK {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("error: %s\n"), L.Tostring(-1))
+	}
+
+	if res := L.Isstring(-1); res != 0 {
+		result := L.Tostring(-1)
+		c.Printf(c.Str("result: %s\n"), result)
+	}
+}
+
+/* Expected output:
+Received string a: Hello, World!
+Received string b:      Hello Lua In LLGO
+Received string c (formatted): Hello LLGO In 2024
+result: Hello, World!Hello Lua In LLGOHello LLGO In 2024
+*/

c/lua/_demo/hello/hello.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/lua"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	L := lua.Newstate()
+	defer L.Close()
+	L.Openlibs()
+	if res := L.Dostring(c.Str("print('hello world')")); res != lua.OK {
+		println("error")
+	}
+}
+
+/* Expected output:
+hello world
+*/

c/lua/_demo/loadcall/loadcall.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/lua"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	L := lua.Newstate()
+	defer L.Close()
+
+	L.Openlibs()
+	if res := L.Loadstring(c.Str("print('hello world')")); res != lua.OK {
+		println("error")
+	}
+	if res := L.Pcall(0, 0, 0); res != lua.OK {
+		println("error")
+	}
+
+}
+
+/* Expected output:
+hello world
+*/

c/lua/_demo/stack/stack.go

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/lua"
+)
+
+// printStack prints the current stack of the given Lua state.
+func printStack(L *lua.State, stateName *c.Char) {
+	top := L.Gettop()
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%s stack (top=%d):"), stateName, top)
+	for i := 1; i <= int(top); i++ {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%s "), L.Tostring(c.Int(i)))
+	}
+	c.Printf(c.Str("\n"))
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// Create a new Lua state and open libraries
+	L := lua.Newstate()
+	defer L.Close()
+	L.Openlibs()
+
+	// Push initial values onto the stack
+	L.Pushstring(c.Str("Hello"))
+	L.Pushstring(c.Str("LLGO"))
+	L.Pushnumber(2024)
+
+	// Print initial stack
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Initial stack:\n"))
+	printStack(L, c.Str("L1"))
+
+	// Use absindex to ensure the index is positive
+	idx := -2
+	absIdx := L.Absindex(c.Int(idx))
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Absolute index of 'LLGO': %d\n"), absIdx)
+
+	// Copy 'LLGO' to the top of the stack
+	L.Pushvalue(absIdx)
+	c.Printf(c.Str("\nAfter pushing 'LLGO' to the top:\n"))
+	printStack(L, c.Str("L1"))
+
+	// Rotate stack elements
+	L.Rotate(c.Int(1), c.Int(-1))
+	c.Printf(c.Str("\nAfter rotating the stack:\n"))
+	printStack(L, c.Str("L1"))
+
+	// Copy the top element to index 2
+	L.Copy(c.Int(-1), c.Int(2))
+	c.Printf(c.Str("\nAfter copying the top element to index 2:\n"))
+	printStack(L, c.Str("L1"))
+
+	// Check if we can grow the stack
+	if L.Checkstack(c.Int(2)) == 0 {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("Cannot grow stack\n"))
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Push additional elements
+	L.Pushnumber(3.14)
+	L.Pushstring(c.Str("Lua"))
+	c.Printf(c.Str("\nAfter pushing more elements:\n"))
+	printStack(L, c.Str("L1"))
+
+	// Set the top of the stack, clearing extra elements
+	L.Settop(c.Int(5))
+	c.Printf(c.Str("\nAfter setting top to 5:\n"))
+	printStack(L, c.Str("L1"))
+
+	// Create a second Lua state
+	L1 := lua.Newstate()
+	defer L1.Close()
+
+	// Move two elements to the new state
+	L.Xmove(L1, c.Int(2))
+	c.Printf(c.Str("\nAfter moving two elements to L1:\n"))
+	printStack(L, c.Str("L1"))
+	printStack(L1, c.Str("L2"))
+}
+
+/* Expected output:
+Initial stack:
+L1 stack (top=3):Hello LLGO 2024.0
+Absolute index of 'LLGO': 2
+
+After pushing 'LLGO' to the top:
+L1 stack (top=4):Hello LLGO 2024.0 LLGO
+
+After rotating the stack:
+L1 stack (top=4):LLGO 2024.0 LLGO Hello
+
+After copying the top element to index 2:
+L1 stack (top=4):LLGO Hello LLGO Hello
+
+After pushing more elements:
+L1 stack (top=6):LLGO Hello LLGO Hello 3.14 Lua
+
+After setting top to 5:
+L1 stack (top=5):LLGO Hello LLGO Hello 3.14
+
+After moving two elements to L1:
+L1 stack (top=3):LLGO Hello LLGO
+L2 stack (top=2):Hello 3.14
+*/

c/lua/_demo/table/table.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/lua"
+)
+
+func printTable(L *lua.State) {
+	L.Pushnil()
+	for L.Next(-2) != 0 {
+		key := L.Tostring(-2)
+		value := L.Tostring(-1)
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%s - %s\n"), key, value)
+		L.Pop(1)
+	}
+	L.Pop(1)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	L := lua.Newstate()
+	defer L.Close()
+
+	L.Openlibs()
+
+	L.Newtable()
+
+	L.Pushstring(c.Str("name"))
+	L.Pushstring(c.Str("John"))
+	L.Settable(-3)
+
+	L.Pushstring(c.Str("age"))
+	L.Pushnumber(30)
+	L.Settable(-3)
+
+	L.Pushstring(c.Str("John Doe"))
+	L.Setfield(-2, c.Str("fullname"))
+
+	L.Getfield(-1, c.Str("name"))
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%s\n"), L.Tostring(-1))
+	L.Pop(1)
+
+	L.Pushstring(c.Str("age"))
+	L.Gettable(-2)
+	age := int(L.Tonumber(-1))
+	c.Printf(c.Str("Age: %d\n"), age)
+	L.Pop(1)
+
+	c.Printf(c.Str("All entries in the table:\n"))
+	printTable(L)
+
+}
+
+/* Expected output:
+John
+Age: 30
+All entries in the table:
+age - 30.0
+fullname - John Doe
+name - John
+*/

c/lua/lauxlib.go

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package lua
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+// /* global table */
+
+// /* extra error code for 'luaL_loadfilex' */
+
+// /* key, in the registry, for table of loaded modules */
+
+// /* key, in the registry, for table of preloaded loaders */
+
+// /* predefined references */
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Loadfilex C.luaL_loadfilex
+func (L *State) Loadfilex(filename *c.Char, mode *c.Char) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+func (L *State) Loadfile(filename *c.Char) c.Int { return L.Loadfilex(filename, nil) }
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Loadstring C.luaL_loadstring
+func (L *State) Loadstring(s *c.Char) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+//go:linkname Newstate C.luaL_newstate
+func Newstate() *State
+
+// /*
+// ** ===============================================================
+// ** some useful macros
+// ** ===============================================================
+// */
+
+func (L *State) Dofile(filename *c.Char) c.Int {
+	if loadResult := L.Loadfile(filename); loadResult != 0 {
+		return loadResult
+	}
+	return L.Pcall(c.Int(0), c.Int(MULTRET), c.Int(0))
+}
+
+func (L *State) Dostring(str *c.Char) c.Int {
+	if loadResult := L.Loadstring(str); loadResult != 0 {
+		return loadResult
+	}
+	return L.Pcall(c.Int(0), c.Int(MULTRET), c.Int(0))
+}
+
+// /*
+// ** Perform arithmetic operations on lua_Integer values with wrap-around
+// ** semantics, as the Lua core does.
+// */
+
+// /* push the value used to represent failure/error */
+
+// /*
+// ** {======================================================
+// ** Generic Buffer manipulation
+// ** =======================================================
+// */
+
+// /* }====================================================== */
+
+// /*
+// ** {======================================================
+// ** File handles for IO library
+// ** =======================================================
+// */
+
+// /*
+// ** A file handle is a userdata with metatable 'LUA_FILEHANDLE' and
+// ** initial structure 'luaL_Stream' (it may contain other fields
+// ** after that initial structure).
+// */
+
+// #define LUA_FILEHANDLE          "FILE*"
+
+// /* }====================================================== */
+
+// /*
+// ** {==================================================================
+// ** "Abstraction Layer" for basic report of messages and errors
+// ** ===================================================================
+// */
+
+// /* print a string */
+
+// /* print a newline and flush the output */
+
+// /* print an error message */
+
+// /* }================================================================== */
+
+// /*
+// ** {============================================================
+// ** Compatibility with deprecated conversions
+// ** =============================================================
+// */
+
+// /* }============================================================ */

c/lua/lua.go

@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+package lua
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "link: $(pkg-config --libs lua); -llua -lm"
+)
+
+// /* mark for precompiled code ('<esc>Lua') */
+
+// /* option for multiple returns in 'lua_pcall' and 'lua_call' */
+const (
+	MULTRET = -1
+)
+
+// /*
+// ** Pseudo-indices
+// ** (-LUAI_MAXSTACK is the minimum valid index; we keep some free empty
+// ** space after that to help overflow detection)
+// */
+
+// /* thread status */
+const (
+	OK        = 0
+	YIELD     = 1
+	ERRRUN    = 2
+	ERRSYNTAX = 3
+	ERRMEM    = 4
+	ERRERR    = 5
+)
+
+type State struct {
+	Unused [8]byte
+}
+
+// /*
+// ** basic types
+// */
+const (
+	NONE          = int(-1)
+	NIL           = int(0)
+	BOOLEAN       = int(1)
+	LIGHTUSERDATA = int(2)
+	NUMBER        = int(3)
+	STRING        = int(4)
+	TABLE         = int(5)
+	FUNCTION      = int(6)
+	USERDATA      = int(7)
+	THREAD        = int(8)
+	UMTYPES       = int(9)
+)
+
+// /* minimum Lua stack available to a C function */
+const (
+	MINSTACK = 20
+)
+
+// /* predefined values in the registry */
+const (
+	RIDX_MAINTHREAD = 1
+	RIDX_GLOBALS    = 2
+	RIDX_LAST       = RIDX_GLOBALS
+)
+
+// /* type of numbers in Lua */
+type Number = c.Double
+
+// /* type for integer functions */
+// TODO(zzy):consider dynamic size
+
+type Integer = c.Int
+
+// /* unsigned integer type */
+type Unsigned = c.Uint
+
+// /* type for continuation-function contexts */
+// TODO(zzy): Context may not be c.Int
+type KContext c.Int
+
+// /*
+// ** Type for C functions registered with Lua
+// */
+
+// /*
+// ** Type for continuation functions
+// */
+
+// TODO(zzy): KFunction does not currently support
+type KFunction func(L *State, status c.Int, ctx KContext) c.Int
+
+// /*
+// ** Type for functions that read/write blocks when loading/dumping Lua chunks
+// */
+
+// typedef const char * (*lua_Reader) (State *L, void *ud, size_t *sz);
+// typedef int (*lua_Writer) (State *L, const void *p, size_t sz, void *ud);
+
+// /*
+// ** Type for memory-allocation functions
+// */
+
+// typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
+
+// /*
+// ** Type for warning functions
+// */
+
+// typedef void (*lua_WarnFunction) (void *ud, const char *msg, int tocont);
+
+// /*
+// ** Type used by the debug API to collect debug information
+// */
+
+// typedef struct lua_Debug lua_Debug;
+
+// /*
+// ** Functions to be called by the debugger in specific events
+// */
+
+// typedef void (*lua_Hook) (State *L, lua_Debug *ar);
+
+// /*
+// ** generic extra include file
+// */
+
+// #if defined(LUA_USER_H)
+// #include LUA_USER_H
+// #endif
+
+// /*
+// ** RCS ident string
+// */
+
+// extern const char lua_ident[];
+
+// /*
+// ** state manipulation
+// */
+// llgo:link (*State).Close C.lua_close
+func (L *State) Close() {}
+
+// State *(lua_newstate) (lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
+// State *(lua_newthread) (State *L);
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Newthread C.lua_newthread
+func (L *State) Newthread() *State { return nil }
+
+// int        (lua_closethread) (State *L, State *from);
+// int        (lua_resetthread) (State *L);  /* Deprecated! */
+// lua_CFunction (lua_atpanic) (State *L, lua_CFunction panicf);
+// lua_Number (lua_version) (State *L);
+
+// /*
+// ** basic stack manipulation
+// */
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Absindex C.lua_absindex
+func (L *State) Absindex(idx c.Int) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Gettop C.lua_gettop
+func (L *State) Gettop() c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Settop C.lua_settop
+func (L *State) Settop(idx c.Int) {}
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Pushvalue C.lua_pushvalue
+func (L *State) Pushvalue(idx c.Int) {}
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Rotate C.lua_rotate
+func (L *State) Rotate(idx c.Int, n c.Int) {}
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Copy C.lua_copy
+func (L *State) Copy(fromidx c.Int, toidx c.Int) {}
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Checkstack C.lua_checkstack
+func (L *State) Checkstack(n c.Int) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Xmove C.lua_xmove
+func (L *State) Xmove(to *State, n c.Int) {}
+
+// /*
+// ** access functions (stack -> C)
+// */
+// LUA_API int             (lua_isinteger) (State *L, int idx);
+// llgo:link (*State).Isinteger C.lua_isinteger
+func (L *State) Isinteger(idx c.Int) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Isnumber C.lua_isnumber
+func (L *State) Isnumber(idx c.Int) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Isstring C.lua_isstring
+func (L *State) Isstring(idx c.Int) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// TODO(zzy):add to demo
+// llgo:link (*State).Type C.lua_type
+func (L *State) Type(idx c.Int) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// TODO(zzy)
+// llgo:link (*State).Typename C.lua_typename
+func (L *State) Typename(tp c.Int) *c.Char { return nil }
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Tonumberx C.lua_tonumberx
+func (L *State) Tonumberx(idx c.Int, isnum *c.Int) Number { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Tointegerx C.lua_tointegerx
+func (L *State) Tointegerx(idx c.Int, isnum *c.Int) Integer { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Toboolean C.lua_toboolean
+func (L *State) Toboolean(idx c.Int) bool { return false }
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Tolstring C.lua_tolstring
+func (L *State) Tolstring(idx c.Int, len *c.Ulong) *c.Char { return nil }
+
+// LUA_API int             (lua_iscfunction) (State *L, int idx);
+// LUA_API int             (lua_isuserdata) (State *L, int idx);
+
+// LUA_API lua_Unsigned    (lua_rawlen) (State *L, int idx);
+// LUA_API lua_CFunction   (lua_tocfunction) (State *L, int idx);
+// LUA_API void	       *(lua_touserdata) (State *L, int idx);
+// LUA_API State      *(lua_tothread) (State *L, int idx);
+// LUA_API const void     *(lua_topointer) (State *L, int idx);
+
+// /*
+// ** Comparison and arithmetic functions
+// */
+
+// /*
+// ** push functions (C -> stack)
+// */
+// llgo:link (*State).Pushnil C.lua_pushnil
+func (L *State) Pushnil() {}
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Pushnumber C.lua_pushnumber
+func (L *State) Pushnumber(n Number) {}
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Pushinteger C.lua_pushinteger
+func (L *State) Pushinteger(n Integer) {}
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Pushstring C.lua_pushstring
+func (L *State) Pushstring(s *c.Char) *c.Char {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Pushlstring C.lua_pushlstring
+func (L *State) Pushlstring(s *c.Char, len c.Ulong) *c.Char {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Pushfstring C.lua_pushfstring
+func (L *State) Pushfstring(format *c.Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) *c.Char { return nil }
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Pushboolean C.lua_pushboolean
+func (L *State) Pushboolean(b c.Int) {}
+
+//const char *(lua_pushvfstring) (State *L, const char *fmt,va_list argp);
+//void  (lua_pushcclosure) (State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n);
+//void  (lua_pushlightuserdata) (State *L, void *p);
+//int   (lua_pushthread) (State *L);
+
+// /*
+// ** get functions (Lua -> stack)
+// */
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Getglobal C.lua_getglobal
+func (L *State) Getglobal(name *c.Char) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Gettable C.lua_gettable
+func (L *State) Gettable(idx c.Int) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Getfield C.lua_getfield
+func (L *State) Getfield(idx c.Int, k *c.Char) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Createtable C.lua_createtable
+func (L *State) Createtable(narr c.Int, nrec c.Int) {}
+
+// LUA_API int (lua_geti) (State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n);
+// LUA_API int (lua_rawget) (State *L, int idx);
+// LUA_API int (lua_rawgeti) (State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n);
+// LUA_API int (lua_rawgetp) (State *L, int idx, const void *p);
+
+// LUA_API void *(lua_newuserdatauv) (State *L, size_t sz, int nuvalue);
+// LUA_API int   (lua_getmetatable) (State *L, int objindex);
+// LUA_API int  (lua_getiuservalue) (State *L, int idx, int n);
+
+// /*
+// ** set functions (stack -> Lua)
+// */
+
+// TODO(zzy):add to demo
+// llgo:link (*State).Setglobal C.lua_setglobal
+func (L *State) Setglobal(name *c.Char) {}
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Settable C.lua_settable
+func (L *State) Settable(idx c.Int) {}
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Setfield C.lua_setfield
+func (L *State) Setfield(idx c.Int, k *c.Char) {}
+
+//void  (lua_seti) (State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n);
+//void  (lua_rawset) (State *L, int idx);
+//void  (lua_rawseti) (State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n);
+//void  (lua_rawsetp) (State *L, int idx, const void *p);
+//int   (lua_setmetatable) (State *L, int objindex);
+//int   (lua_setiuservalue) (State *L, int idx, int n);
+
+// /*
+// ** 'load' and 'call' functions (load and run Lua code)
+// */
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Pcallk C.lua_pcallk
+func (L *State) Pcallk(nargs c.Int, nresults c.Int, errfunc c.Int, ctx KContext, k *KFunction) c.Int {
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (L *State) Pcall(nargs c.Int, nresults c.Int, errfunc c.Int) c.Int {
+	return L.Pcallk(nargs, nresults, errfunc, KContext(c.Int(0)), nil)
+}
+
+// void  (lua_callk) (State *L, int nargs, int nresults, lua_KContext ctx, lua_KFunction k);
+// #define lua_call(L,n,r)		lua_callk(L, (n), (r), 0, NULL)
+
+// int   (lua_load) (State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *dt, const char *chunkname, const char *mode);
+
+// int (lua_dump) (State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data, int strip);
+
+// /*
+// ** coroutine functions
+// */
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Resume C.lua_resume
+func (L *State) Resume(from *State, narg c.Int, nres *c.Int) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Status C.lua_status
+func (L *State) Status() c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Isyieldable C.lua_isyieldable
+func (L *State) Isyieldable() c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// TODO(zzy)
+// int  (lua_yieldk)     (State *L, int nresults, lua_KContext ctx, lua_KFunction k);
+// #define lua_yield(L,n)	lua_yieldk(L, (n), 0, NULL)
+
+// /*
+// ** Warning-related functions
+// */
+
+//void (lua_setwarnf) (State *L, lua_WarnFunction f, void *ud);
+//void (lua_warning)  (State *L, const char *msg, int tocont);
+
+// /*
+// ** garbage-collection function and options
+// */
+
+const (
+	GCSTOP       = 0
+	GCRESTART    = 1
+	GCCOLLECT    = 2
+	GCCOUNT      = 3
+	GCCOUNTB     = 4
+	GCSTEP       = 5
+	GCSETPAUSE   = 6
+	GCSETSTEPMUL = 7
+	GCISRUNNING  = 9
+	GCGEN        = 10
+	GCINC        = 11
+)
+
+// LUA_API int (lua_gc) (State *L, int what, ...);
+
+// /*
+// ** miscellaneous functions
+// */
+// llgo:link (*State).Next C.lua_next
+func (L *State) Next(idx c.Int) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// LUA_API int   (lua_error) (State *L);
+
+// LUA_API void  (lua_concat) (State *L, int n);
+// LUA_API void  (lua_len)    (State *L, int idx);
+
+// LUA_API size_t   (lua_stringtonumber) (State *L, const char *s);
+
+// LUA_API lua_Alloc (lua_getallocf) (State *L, void **ud);
+// LUA_API void      (lua_setallocf) (State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
+
+// LUA_API void (lua_toclose) (State *L, int idx);
+// LUA_API void (lua_closeslot) (State *L, int idx);
+
+// /*
+// ** {==============================================================
+// ** some useful macros
+// ** ===============================================================
+// */
+
+func (L *State) Tonumber(idx c.Int) Number    { return L.Tonumberx(idx, nil) }
+func (L *State) Tostring(idx c.Int) *c.Char   { return L.Tolstring(idx, nil) }
+func (L *State) Tointeger(idx c.Int) Integer  { return L.Tointegerx(idx, nil) }
+func (L *State) Pop(n c.Int)                  { L.Settop(-(n) - 1) }
+func (L *State) Newtable()                    { L.Createtable(0, 0) }
+func (L *State) Isfunction(n c.Int) bool      { return L.Type(n) == c.Int(FUNCTION) }
+func (L *State) Istable(n c.Int) bool         { return L.Type(n) == c.Int(TABLE) }
+func (L *State) Islightuserdata(n c.Int) bool { return L.Type(n) == c.Int(LIGHTUSERDATA) }
+func (L *State) Isnil(n c.Int) bool           { return L.Type(n) == c.Int(NIL) }
+func (L *State) Isboolean(n c.Int) bool       { return L.Type(n) == c.Int(BOOLEAN) }
+func (L *State) Isthread(n c.Int) bool        { return L.Type(n) == c.Int(THREAD) }
+func (L *State) Isnone(n c.Int) bool          { return L.Type(n) == c.Int(NONE) }
+func (L *State) Isnoneornil(n c.Int) bool     { return L.Type(n) <= 0 }
+
+// #define lua_getextraspace(L)	((void *)((char *)(L) - LUA_EXTRASPACE))
+
+// #define lua_register(L,n,f) (lua_pushcfunction(L, (f)), lua_setglobal(L, (n)))
+
+// #define lua_pushcfunction(L,f)	lua_pushcclosure(L, (f), 0)
+
+// #define lua_pushliteral(L, s)	lua_pushstring(L, "" s)
+
+// #define lua_pushglobaltable(L)  ((void)lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS))
+
+// #define lua_insert(L,idx)	lua_rotate(L, (idx), 1)
+
+// #define lua_remove(L,idx)	(lua_rotate(L, (idx), -1), lua_pop(L, 1))
+
+// #define lua_replace(L,idx)	(lua_copy(L, -1, (idx)), lua_pop(L, 1))
+
+// /* }============================================================== */
+
+// /*
+// ** {==============================================================
+// ** compatibility macros
+// ** ===============================================================
+// */
+
+// #define lua_newuserdata(L,s)	lua_newuserdatauv(L,s,1)
+// #define lua_getuservalue(L,idx)	lua_getiuservalue(L,idx,1)
+// #define lua_setuservalue(L,idx)	lua_setiuservalue(L,idx,1)
+
+// #define LUA_NUMTAGS		LUA_NUMTYPES
+
+// /* }============================================================== */
+
+// /*
+// ** {======================================================================
+// ** Debug API
+// ** =======================================================================
+// */
+// /*
+// ** Event codes
+// */
+
+const (
+	HOOKCALL     = 0
+	HOOKRET      = 1
+	HOOKLINE     = 2
+	HOOKCOUNT    = 3
+	HOOKTAILCALL = 4
+)
+
+// /*
+// ** Event masks
+// */
+// #define LUA_MASKCALL	(1 << LUA_HOOKCALL)
+// #define LUA_MASKRET	(1 << LUA_HOOKRET)
+// #define LUA_MASKLINE	(1 << LUA_HOOKLINE)
+// #define LUA_MASKCOUNT	(1 << LUA_HOOKCOUNT)
+
+const (
+	MASKCALL  = 1 << HOOKCOUNT
+	MASKRET   = 1 << HOOKRET
+	MASKLINE  = 1 << HOOKLINE
+	MASKCOUNT = 1 << HOOKCOUNT
+)
+
+// LUA_API int (lua_getstack) (State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar);
+// LUA_API int (lua_getinfo) (State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar);
+// LUA_API const char *(lua_getlocal) (State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);
+// LUA_API const char *(lua_setlocal) (State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);
+// LUA_API const char *(lua_getupvalue) (State *L, int funcindex, int n);
+// LUA_API const char *(lua_setupvalue) (State *L, int funcindex, int n);
+
+// LUA_API void *(lua_upvalueid) (State *L, int fidx, int n);
+// LUA_API void  (lua_upvaluejoin) (State *L, int fidx1, int n1, int fidx2, int n2);
+
+// LUA_API void (lua_sethook) (State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count);
+// LUA_API lua_Hook (lua_gethook) (State *L);
+// LUA_API int (lua_gethookmask) (State *L);
+// LUA_API int (lua_gethookcount) (State *L);
+
+// LUA_API int (lua_setcstacklimit) (State *L, unsigned int limit);
+
+// struct lua_Debug
+// /* }====================================================================== */

c/lua/lualib.go

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package lua
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+)
+
+// llgo:link (*State).Openlibs C.luaL_openlibs
+func (L *State) Openlibs() {}

c/neco/_demo/cgen/_c/gen.c

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include "../../../_wrap/neco.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+void coroutine(int argc, void *argv[]) {
+  // Yield each int to the caller, one at a time.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    neco_gen_yield(&i);
+  }
+}
+
+static int __neco_main() {
+
+  // Create a new generator coroutine that is used to send ints.
+  neco_gen *gen;
+  neco_gen_start(&gen, sizeof(int), coroutine, 0);
+
+  // Iterate over each int until the generator is closed.
+  int i;
+  while (neco_gen_next(gen, &i) != NECO_CLOSED) {
+    printf("%d\n", i);
+  }
+
+  // This coroutine no longer needs the generator.
+  neco_gen_release(gen);
+  return 0;
+}
+static void _neco_main() { __neco_exit_prog(__neco_main()); }
+void run_main() {
+  neco_env_setpaniconerror(true);
+  neco_env_setcanceltype(NECO_CANCEL_ASYNC);
+  int ret = neco_start(_neco_main, 0);
+  fprintf(stderr, "neco_start: %s (code %d)\n", neco_strerror(ret), ret);
+};

c/neco/_demo/cgen/cgen.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	_ "github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoFiles   = "_c/gen.c; ../../_wrap/neco.c"
+	LLGoPackage = "link"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	runMain()
+}
+
+//go:linkname runMain C.run_main
+func runMain()

c/neco/_demo/gen/gen.go

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/neco"
+)
+
+func coroutine(argc c.Int, argv *c.Pointer) {
+	// Yield each int to the caller, one at a time.
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		neco.GenYield(unsafe.Pointer(&i))
+	}
+}
+
+func necoMain(argc c.Int, argv *c.Pointer) {
+	// Create a new generator coroutine that is used to send ints.
+	var gen *neco.Gen
+	neco.GenStart(&gen, unsafe.Sizeof(0), coroutine, 0)
+
+	// Iterate over each int until the generator is closed.
+	var i int
+	for neco.GenNext(gen, unsafe.Pointer(&i)) != neco.CLOSED {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("%d\n"), i)
+	}
+
+	neco.GenRelease(gen)
+	neco.ExitProg(0)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	neco.EnvSetpaniconerror(true)
+	neco.EnvSetcanceltype(neco.CANCEL_ASYNC)
+	var ret = neco.Start(necoMain, 0)
+	c.Fprintf(c.Stderr, c.Str("neco_start: %s (code %d)\n"), neco.Strerror(ret), ret)
+}

c/neco/_wrap/neco.h

@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+// https://github.com/tidwall/neco
+//
+// Copyright 2024 Joshua J Baker. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+//
+// Neco -- Coroutine library for C
+
+#ifndef NECO_H
+#define NECO_H
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <ws2tcpip.h>
+#else
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// basic operations
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// @defgroup BasicOperations Basic operations
+/// Neco provides standard operations for starting a coroutine, sleeping, 
+/// suspending, resuming, yielding to another coroutine, joining/waiting for
+/// child coroutines, and exiting a running coroutine.
+/// @{
+int neco_start(void(*coroutine)(int argc, void *argv[]), int argc, ...);
+int neco_startv(void(*coroutine)(int argc, void *argv[]), int argc, void *argv[]);
+int neco_yield(void);
+int neco_sleep(int64_t nanosecs);
+int neco_sleep_dl(int64_t deadline);
+int neco_join(int64_t id);
+int neco_join_dl(int64_t id, int64_t deadline);
+int neco_suspend(void);
+int neco_suspend_dl(int64_t deadline);
+int neco_resume(int64_t id);
+void neco_exit(void);
+int64_t neco_getid(void);
+int64_t neco_lastid(void);
+int64_t neco_starterid(void);
+/// @}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// channels
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// @defgroup Channels Channels
+/// Channels allow for sending and receiving values between coroutines.
+/// By default, sends and receives will block until the other side is ready.
+/// This allows the coroutines to synchronize without using locks or condition
+/// variables.
+/// @{
+typedef struct neco_chan neco_chan;
+
+int neco_chan_make(neco_chan **chan, size_t data_size, size_t capacity);
+int neco_chan_retain(neco_chan *chan);
+int neco_chan_release(neco_chan *chan);
+int neco_chan_send(neco_chan *chan, void *data);
+int neco_chan_send_dl(neco_chan *chan, void *data, int64_t deadline);
+int neco_chan_broadcast(neco_chan *chan, void *data);
+int neco_chan_recv(neco_chan *chan, void *data);
+int neco_chan_recv_dl(neco_chan *chan, void *data, int64_t deadline);
+int neco_chan_tryrecv(neco_chan *chan, void *data);
+int neco_chan_close(neco_chan *chan);
+int neco_chan_select(int nchans, ...);
+int neco_chan_select_dl(int64_t deadline, int nchans, ...);
+int neco_chan_selectv(int nchans, neco_chan *chans[]);
+int neco_chan_selectv_dl(int nchans, neco_chan *chans[], int64_t deadline);
+int neco_chan_tryselect(int nchans, ...);
+int neco_chan_tryselectv(int nchans, neco_chan *chans[]);
+int neco_chan_case(neco_chan *chan, void *data);
+/// @}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// generators
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// @defgroup Generators Generators
+/// A generator is a specialized iterator-bound coroutine that can produce a
+/// sequence of values to be iterated over.
+/// @{
+typedef struct neco_gen neco_gen;
+
+int neco_gen_start(neco_gen **gen, size_t data_size, void(*coroutine)(int argc, void *argv[]), int argc, ...);
+int neco_gen_startv(neco_gen **gen, size_t data_size, void(*coroutine)(int argc, void *argv[]), int argc, void *argv[]);
+int neco_gen_retain(neco_gen *gen);
+int neco_gen_release(neco_gen *gen);
+int neco_gen_yield(void *data);
+int neco_gen_yield_dl(void *data, int64_t deadline);
+int neco_gen_next(neco_gen *gen, void *data);
+int neco_gen_next_dl(neco_gen *gen, void *data, int64_t deadline);
+int neco_gen_close(neco_gen *gen);
+/// @}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// synchronization mechanisms
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// @defgroup Mutexes Mutexes
+/// A mutex is synchronization mechanism that blocks access to variables by
+/// multiple coroutines at once. This enforces exclusive access by a coroutine
+/// to a variable or set of variables and helps to avoid data inconsistencies
+/// due to race conditions.
+/// @{
+typedef struct { _Alignas(16) char _[48]; } neco_mutex;
+
+#define NECO_MUTEX_INITIALIZER { 0 }
+
+int neco_mutex_init(neco_mutex *mutex);
+int neco_mutex_lock(neco_mutex *mutex);
+int neco_mutex_lock_dl(neco_mutex *mutex, int64_t deadline);
+int neco_mutex_trylock(neco_mutex *mutex);
+int neco_mutex_unlock(neco_mutex *mutex);
+int neco_mutex_rdlock(neco_mutex *mutex);
+int neco_mutex_rdlock_dl(neco_mutex *mutex, int64_t deadline);
+int neco_mutex_tryrdlock(neco_mutex *mutex);
+/// @}
+
+/// @defgroup WaitGroups WaitGroups
+/// A WaitGroup waits for a multiple coroutines to finish. 
+/// The main coroutine calls neco_waitgroup_add() to set the number of
+/// coroutines to wait for. Then each of the coroutines runs and calls
+/// neco_waitgroup_done() when complete.
+/// At the same time, neco_waitgroup_wait() can be used to block until all
+/// coroutines are completed.
+/// @{
+typedef struct { _Alignas(16) char _[48]; } neco_waitgroup;
+
+#define NECO_WAITGROUP_INITIALIZER { 0 }
+
+int neco_waitgroup_init(neco_waitgroup *waitgroup);
+int neco_waitgroup_add(neco_waitgroup *waitgroup, int delta);
+int neco_waitgroup_done(neco_waitgroup *waitgroup);
+int neco_waitgroup_wait(neco_waitgroup *waitgroup);
+int neco_waitgroup_wait_dl(neco_waitgroup *waitgroup, int64_t deadline);
+/// @}
+
+/// @defgroup CondVar Condition variables
+/// A condition variable is a synchronization mechanism that allows coroutines
+/// to suspend execution until some condition is true. 
+/// @{
+typedef struct { _Alignas(16) char _[48]; } neco_cond;
+#define NECO_COND_INITIALIZER { 0 }
+
+int neco_cond_init(neco_cond *cond);
+int neco_cond_signal(neco_cond *cond);
+int neco_cond_broadcast(neco_cond *cond);
+int neco_cond_wait(neco_cond *cond, neco_mutex *mutex);
+int neco_cond_wait_dl(neco_cond *cond, neco_mutex *mutex, int64_t deadline);
+/// @}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// file descriptors
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// @defgroup Posix Posix wrappers
+/// Functions that work like their Posix counterpart but do not block, allowing
+/// for usage in a Neco coroutine.
+/// @{
+
+// wrappers for various posix operations.
+ssize_t neco_read(int fd, void *data, size_t nbytes);
+ssize_t neco_read_dl(int fd, void *data, size_t nbytes, int64_t deadline);
+ssize_t neco_write(int fd, const void *data, size_t nbytes);
+ssize_t neco_write_dl(int fd, const void *data, size_t nbytes, int64_t deadline);
+int neco_accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen);
+int neco_accept_dl(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen, int64_t deadline);
+int neco_connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
+int neco_connect_dl(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen, int64_t deadline);
+int neco_getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service,
+    const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res);
+int neco_getaddrinfo_dl(const char *node, const char *service,
+    const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res, int64_t deadline);
+/// @}
+
+/// @defgroup Posix2 File descriptor helpers
+/// Functions for working with file descriptors.
+/// @{
+
+// utility for enabling non-blocking on existing file descriptors
+int neco_setnonblock(int fd, bool nonblock, bool *oldnonblock);
+
+// wait for a file descriptor to be readable or writeable.
+#define NECO_WAIT_READ  1
+#define NECO_WAIT_WRITE 2
+
+int neco_wait(int fd, int mode);
+int neco_wait_dl(int fd, int mode, int64_t deadline);
+
+/// @}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// networking
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// @defgroup Networking Networking utilities
+/// @{
+
+int neco_serve(const char *network, const char *address);
+int neco_serve_dl(const char *network, const char *address, int64_t deadline);
+int neco_dial(const char *network, const char *address);
+int neco_dial_dl(const char *network, const char *address, int64_t deadline);
+
+/// @}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// cancelation
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// @defgroup Cancelation Cancelation
+/// @{
+
+int neco_cancel(int64_t id);
+int neco_cancel_dl(int64_t id, int64_t deadline);
+
+#define NECO_CANCEL_ASYNC      1
+#define NECO_CANCEL_INLINE     2
+#define NECO_CANCEL_ENABLE     3
+#define NECO_CANCEL_DISABLE    4
+
+int neco_setcanceltype(int type, int *oldtype);
+int neco_setcancelstate(int state, int *oldstate);
+
+#define neco_cleanup_push(routine, arg) {__neco_c0(&(char[32]){0},routine,arg);
+#define neco_cleanup_pop(execute)        __neco_c1(execute);}
+
+/// @}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// random number generator
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// @defgroup Random Random number generator
+/// @{
+
+#define NECO_CSPRNG 0 // Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
+#define NECO_PRNG   1 // Pseudorandom number generator (non-crypto, faster)
+
+int neco_rand_setseed(int64_t seed, int64_t *oldseed);
+int neco_rand(void *data, size_t nbytes, int attr);
+int neco_rand_dl(void *data, size_t nbytes, int attr, int64_t deadline);
+
+/// @}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// signal handling
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// @defgroup Signals Signals
+/// Allows for signals, such as SIGINT (Ctrl-C), to be intercepted or ignored.
+/// @{
+
+int neco_signal_watch(int signo);
+int neco_signal_wait(void);
+int neco_signal_wait_dl(int64_t deadline);
+int neco_signal_unwatch(int signo);
+
+/// @}
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// background worker
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// @defgroup Worker Background worker
+/// Run arbitrary code in a background worker thread
+/// @{
+
+int neco_work(int64_t pin, void(*work)(void *udata), void *udata);
+
+/// @}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Stats and information
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// @defgroup Stats Stats and information
+/// @{
+
+typedef struct neco_stats {
+    size_t coroutines;   ///< Number of active coroutines
+    size_t sleepers;     ///< Number of sleeping coroutines
+    size_t evwaiters;    ///< Number of coroutines waiting on I/O events
+    size_t sigwaiters;   ///<
+    size_t senders;      ///<
+    size_t receivers;    ///<
+    size_t locked;       ///<
+    size_t waitgroupers; ///<
+    size_t condwaiters;  ///<
+    size_t suspended;    ///<
+    size_t workers;      ///< Number of background worker threads
+} neco_stats;
+
+int neco_getstats(neco_stats *stats);
+int neco_is_main_thread(void);
+const char *neco_switch_method(void);
+
+/// @}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// global behaviors
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// @defgroup GlobalFuncs Global environment
+/// @{
+
+void neco_env_setallocator(void *(*malloc)(size_t), void *(*realloc)(void*, size_t), void (*free)(void*));
+void neco_env_setpaniconerror(bool paniconerror);
+void neco_env_setcanceltype(int type);
+void neco_env_setcancelstate(int state);
+
+/// @}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// time and duration
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// @defgroup Time Time
+/// Functions for working with time.
+///
+/// The following defines are available for convenience.
+///
+/// ```c
+/// #define NECO_NANOSECOND  INT64_C(1)
+/// #define NECO_MICROSECOND INT64_C(1000)
+/// #define NECO_MILLISECOND INT64_C(1000000)
+/// #define NECO_SECOND      INT64_C(1000000000)
+/// #define NECO_MINUTE      INT64_C(60000000000)
+/// #define NECO_HOUR        INT64_C(3600000000000)
+/// ```
+///
+/// @{
+
+#define NECO_NANOSECOND  INT64_C(1)
+#define NECO_MICROSECOND INT64_C(1000)
+#define NECO_MILLISECOND INT64_C(1000000)
+#define NECO_SECOND      INT64_C(1000000000)
+#define NECO_MINUTE      INT64_C(60000000000)
+#define NECO_HOUR        INT64_C(3600000000000)
+
+int64_t neco_now(void);
+
+///@}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// errors
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// @defgroup ErrorFuncs Error handling
+/// Functions for working with [Neco errors](./API.md#neco-errors). 
+/// @{
+
+#define NECO_OK              0  ///< Successful result (no error)
+#define NECO_ERROR          -1  ///< System error (check errno)
+#define NECO_INVAL          -2  ///< Invalid argument
+#define NECO_PERM           -3  ///< Operation not permitted
+#define NECO_NOMEM          -4  ///< Cannot allocate memory
+#define NECO_EOF            -5  ///< End of file or stream (neco_stream_*)
+#define NECO_NOTFOUND       -6  ///< No such coroutine (neco_cancel)
+#define NECO_NOSIGWATCH     -7  ///< Not watching on a signal
+#define NECO_CLOSED         -8  ///< Channel is closed
+#define NECO_EMPTY          -9  ///< Channel is empty (neco_chan_tryrecv)
+#define NECO_TIMEDOUT      -10  ///< Deadline has elapsed (neco_*_dl)
+#define NECO_CANCELED      -11  ///< Operation canceled (by neco_cancel)
+#define NECO_BUSY          -12  ///< Resource busy (mutex_trylock)
+#define NECO_NEGWAITGRP    -13  ///< Negative waitgroup counter
+#define NECO_GAIERROR      -14  ///< Error with getaddrinfo (check neco_gai_error)
+#define NECO_UNREADFAIL    -15  ///< Failed to unread byte (neco_stream_unread_byte)
+#define NECO_PARTIALWRITE  -16  ///< Failed to write all data (neco_stream_flush)
+#define NECO_NOTGENERATOR  -17  ///< Coroutine is not a generator (neco_gen_yield)
+#define NECO_NOTSUSPENDED  -18  ///< Coroutine is not suspended (neco_resume)
+
+const char *neco_strerror(ssize_t errcode);
+int neco_lasterr(void);
+int neco_gai_lasterr(void);
+int neco_panic(const char *fmt, ...);
+
+/// @}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// streama
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// @defgroup Streams Streams and Buffered I/O
+/// Create a Neco stream from a file descriptor using neco_stream_make() or
+/// a buffered stream using neco_stream_make_buffered().
+/// @{
+
+typedef struct neco_stream neco_stream;
+
+int neco_stream_make(neco_stream **stream, int fd);
+int neco_stream_make_buffered(neco_stream **stream, int fd);
+int neco_stream_close(neco_stream *stream);
+int neco_stream_close_dl(neco_stream *stream, int64_t deadline);
+ssize_t neco_stream_read(neco_stream *stream, void *data, size_t nbytes);
+ssize_t neco_stream_read_dl(neco_stream *stream, void *data, size_t nbytes, int64_t deadline);
+ssize_t neco_stream_write(neco_stream *stream, const void *data, size_t nbytes);
+ssize_t neco_stream_write_dl(neco_stream *stream, const void *data, size_t nbytes, int64_t deadline);
+ssize_t neco_stream_readfull(neco_stream *stream, void *data, size_t nbytes);
+ssize_t neco_stream_readfull_dl(neco_stream *stream, void *data, size_t nbytes, int64_t deadline);
+int neco_stream_read_byte(neco_stream *stream);
+int neco_stream_read_byte_dl(neco_stream *stream, int64_t deadline);
+int neco_stream_unread_byte(neco_stream *stream);
+int neco_stream_flush(neco_stream *stream);
+int neco_stream_flush_dl(neco_stream *stream, int64_t deadline);
+ssize_t neco_stream_buffered_read_size(neco_stream *stream);
+ssize_t neco_stream_buffered_write_size(neco_stream *stream);
+
+/// @}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// happy convenience macro
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// int neco_main(int argc, char *argv[]);
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#define neco_main \
+__neco_main(int argc, char *argv[]); \
+static void _neco_main(int argc, void *argv[]) { \
+    (void)argc; \
+    __neco_exit_prog(__neco_main(*(int*)argv[0], *(char***)argv[1])); \
+} \
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { \
+    neco_env_setpaniconerror(true); \
+    neco_env_setcanceltype(NECO_CANCEL_ASYNC); \
+    int ret = neco_start(_neco_main, 2, &argc, &argv); \
+    fprintf(stderr, "neco_start: %s (code %d)\n", neco_strerror(ret), ret); \
+    return -1; \
+}; \
+int __neco_main
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// private functions, not to be call directly
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void __neco_c0(void*,void(*)(void*),void*); 
+void __neco_c1(int);
+void __neco_exit_prog(int);
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifndef EAI_SYSTEM
+#define EAI_SYSTEM 11
+#endif
+
+#endif // NECO_H

c/neco/neco.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package neco
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoFiles   = "_wrap/neco.c"
+	LLGoPackage = "link"
+)
+
+const (
+	OK           = 0   ///< Successful result (no error)
+	ERROR        = -1  ///< System error (check errno)
+	INVAL        = -2  ///< Invalid argument
+	PERM         = -3  ///< Operation not permitted
+	NOMEM        = -4  ///< Cannot allocate memory
+	EOF          = -5  ///< End of file or stream (neco_stream_*)
+	NOTFOUND     = -6  ///< No such coroutine (neco_cancel)
+	NOSIGWATCH   = -7  ///< Not watching on a signal
+	CLOSED       = -8  ///< Channel is closed
+	EMPTY        = -9  ///< Channel is empty (neco_chan_tryrecv)
+	TIMEDOUT     = -10 ///< Deadline has elapsed (neco_*_dl)
+	CANCELED     = -11 ///< Operation canceled (by neco_cancel)
+	BUSY         = -12 ///< Resource busy (mutex_trylock)
+	NEGWAITGRP   = -13 ///< Negative waitgroup counter
+	GAIERROR     = -14 ///< Error with getaddrinfo (check neco_gai_error)
+	UNREADFAIL   = -15 ///< Failed to unread byte (neco_stream_unread_byte)
+	PARTIALWRITE = -16 ///< Failed to write all data (neco_stream_flush)
+	NOTGENERATOR = -17 ///< Coroutine is not a generator (neco_gen_yield)
+	NOTSUSPENDED = -18 ///< Coroutine is not suspended (neco_resume)
+
+	CANCEL_ASYNC   = 1
+	CANCEL_INLINE  = 2
+	CANCEL_ENABLE  = 3
+	CANCEL_DISABLE = 4
+
+	EAI_SYSTEM = 11
+
+	NANOSECOND  = int64(1)
+	MICROSECOND = int64(1000)
+	MILLISECOND = int64(1000000)
+	SECOND      = int64(1000000000)
+	MINUTE      = int64(60000000000)
+	HOUR        = int64(3600000000000)
+)
+
+// generator
+type Gen struct{}
+
+// llgo:type C
+type Coro = func(argc c.Int, argv *c.Pointer)
+
+//go:linkname GenYield C.neco_gen_yield
+func GenYield(data c.Pointer) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname GenNext C.neco_gen_next
+func GenNext(gen *Gen, data c.Pointer) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname GenStart C.neco_gen_start
+func GenStart(gen **Gen, dataSize uintptr, co Coro, argc c.Int, __llgo_va_list ...any) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname GenRelease C.neco_gen_release
+func GenRelease(gen *Gen) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname ExitProg C.__neco_exit_prog
+func ExitProg(code c.Int)
+
+//go:linkname EnvSetpaniconerror C.neco_env_setpaniconerror
+func EnvSetpaniconerror(paniconerror bool)
+
+//go:linkname EnvSetcanceltype C.neco_env_setcanceltype
+func EnvSetcanceltype(type_ c.Int)
+
+//go:linkname Strerror C.neco_strerror
+func Strerror(errcode c.Int) *c.Char
+
+//go:linkname Start C.neco_start
+func Start(co Coro, argc c.Int, __llgo_va_list ...any) c.Int

c/os/os.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	_ "unsafe"
 
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/syscall"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -34,13 +35,39 @@ const (
 	PATH_MAX = C.PATH_MAX
 )
 
+const (
+	/* get file status flags */
+	F_GETFL = 3
+	/* set file status flags */
+	F_SETFL = 4
+
+	/* open for reading only */
+	O_RDONLY = 0x0000
+	/* open for writing only */
+	O_WRONLY = 0x0001
+	/* open for reading and writing */
+	O_RDWR = 0x0002
+	/* mask for above modes */
+	O_ACCMODE = 0x0003
+
+	/* no delay */
+	O_NONBLOCK = 0x00000004
+	/* create if nonexistant */
+	O_CREAT = 0x00000200
+	/* truncate to zero length */
+	O_TRUNC = 0x00000400
+)
+
 type (
 	ModeT C.mode_t
 	UidT  C.uid_t
 	GidT  C.gid_t
 	OffT  C.off_t
 	DevT  C.dev_t
-	StatT C.struct_stat
+)
+
+type (
+	StatT = syscall.Stat_t
 )
 
 //go:linkname Errno errno
@@ -104,8 +131,8 @@ func Chroot(path *c.Char) c.Int
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-//go:linkname Environ C.environ
-func Environ() **c.Char
+//go:linkname Environ environ
+var Environ **c.Char
 
 //go:linkname Getenv C.getenv
 func Getenv(name *c.Char) *c.Char
@@ -142,7 +169,7 @@ func Fstatat(dirfd c.Int, path *c.Char, buf *StatT, flags c.Int) c.Int
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 //go:linkname Open C.open
-func Open(path *c.Char, flags c.Int, mode ModeT) c.Int
+func Open(path *c.Char, flags c.Int, __llgo_va_list ...any) c.Int
 
 //go:linkname Openat C.openat
 func Openat(dirfd c.Int, path *c.Char, flags c.Int, mode ModeT) c.Int
@@ -150,6 +177,9 @@ func Openat(dirfd c.Int, path *c.Char, flags c.Int, mode ModeT) c.Int
 //go:linkname Creat C.creat
 func Creat(path *c.Char, mode ModeT) c.Int
 
+//go:linkname Fcntl C.fcntl
+func Fcntl(a c.Int, b c.Int, __llgo_va_list ...any) c.Int
+
 //go:linkname Dup C.dup
 func Dup(fd c.Int) c.Int
 
@@ -204,18 +234,79 @@ func Isatty(fd c.Int) c.Int
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+// Execl(const char *path, const char *arg0, ..., /*, (char *)0, */)
+//
+// Execl requires the full path of the program to be provided.
+//
+//go:linkname Execl C.execl
+func Execl(path *c.Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) c.Int
+
+// Execle(const char *path, const char *arg0, ..., /* (char *)0, char *const envp[] */)
+//
+//go:linkname Execle C.execle
+func Execle(path *c.Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) c.Int
+
+// Execlp(const char *file, const char *arg0, ..., /*, (char *)0, */)
+//
+// Execlp only needs to provide the program name and it will search for the program in the
+// paths specified in the PATH environment variable.
+//
+//go:linkname Execlp C.execlp
+func Execlp(file *c.Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Execv C.execv
+func Execv(path *c.Char, argv **c.Char) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Execve C.execve
+func Execve(path *c.Char, argv **c.Char, envp **c.Char) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Execvp C.execvp
+func Execvp(file *c.Char, argv **c.Char) c.Int
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type PidT c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Fork C.fork
+func Fork() PidT
+
+//go:linkname Getpid C.getpid
+func Getpid() PidT
+
+//go:linkname Getppid C.getppid
+func Getppid() PidT
+
 //go:linkname Kill C.kill
-func Kill(pid c.Int, sig c.Int) c.Int
+func Kill(pid PidT, sig c.Int) c.Int
+
+// If wait() returns due to a stopped or terminated child process, the process ID
+// of the child is returned to the calling process.  Otherwise, a value of -1 is
+// returned and errno is set to indicate the error.
+//
+//go:linkname Wait C.wait
+func Wait(statLoc *c.Int) PidT
+
+// If wait3(), wait4(), or waitpid() returns due to a stopped or terminated child
+// process, the process ID of the child is returned to the calling process.  If
+// there are no children not previously awaited, -1 is returned with errno set to
+// [ECHILD].  Otherwise, if WNOHANG is specified and there are no stopped or exited
+// children, 0 is returned.  If an error is detected or a caught signal aborts the
+// call, a value of -1 is returned and errno is set to indicate the error.
+//
+//go:linkname Wait3 C.wait3
+func Wait3(statLoc *c.Int, options c.Int, rusage *syscall.Rusage) PidT
+
+//go:linkname Wait4 C.wait4
+func Wait4(pid PidT, statLoc *c.Int, options c.Int, rusage *syscall.Rusage) PidT
+
+//go:linkname Waitpid C.waitpid
+func Waitpid(pid PidT, statLoc *c.Int, options c.Int) PidT
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 //go:linkname Exit C.exit
 func Exit(c.Int)
 
-//go:linkname Getpid C.getpid
-func Getpid() c.Int
-
-//go:linkname Getppid C.getppid
-func Getppid() c.Int
-
 //go:linkname Getuid C.getuid
 func Getuid() UidT
 
@@ -229,3 +320,43 @@ func Getgid() GidT
 func Getegid() GidT
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname Getrlimit C.getrlimit
+func Getrlimit(resource c.Int, rlp *syscall.Rlimit) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Setrlimit C.setrlimit
+func Setrlimit(resource c.Int, rlp *syscall.Rlimit) c.Int
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Upon successful completion, the value 0 is returned; otherwise the value -1
+// is returned and the global variable errno is set to indicate the error.
+//
+//go:linkname Sysctl C.sysctl
+func Sysctl(
+	name *c.Int, namelen c.Uint,
+	oldp c.Pointer, oldlenp *uintptr,
+	newp c.Pointer, newlen uintptr) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Sysctlbyname C.sysctlbyname
+func Sysctlbyname(
+	name *c.Char, oldp c.Pointer, oldlenp *uintptr,
+	newp c.Pointer, newlen uintptr) c.Int
+
+// The sysctlnametomib() function accepts an ASCII representation  of  the
+// name,  looks up the integer name	vector,	and returns the	numeric	repre-
+// sentation in the	mib array pointed to by	mibp.  The number of  elements
+// in the mib array	is given by the	location specified by sizep before the
+// call, and that location gives the number	of entries copied after	a suc-
+// cessful	call.	The  resulting	mib and	size may be used in subsequent
+// sysctl()	calls to get the data  associated  with	 the  requested	 ASCII
+// name.   This interface is intended for use by applications that want to
+// repeatedly request the same variable (the  sysctl()  function  runs  in
+// about  a	third the time as the same request made	via the	sysctlbyname()
+// function).  The sysctlnametomib() function is also useful for  fetching
+// mib  prefixes and then adding a final component.
+//
+//go:linkname Sysctlnametomib C.sysctlnametomib
+func Sysctlnametomib(name *c.Char, mibp *c.Int, sizep *uintptr) c.Int
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

c/pthread/sync/_sema.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package sync
+
+// #include <semaphore.h>
+import "C"
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+// Sem represents a semaphore.
+type Sem C.sem_t
+
+// initializes the unnamed semaphore at the address
+// pointed to by sem.  The value argument specifies the initial
+// value for the semaphore.
+//
+// The pshared argument indicates whether this semaphore is to be
+// shared between the threads of a process, or between processes.
+//
+// If pshared has the value 0, then the semaphore is shared between
+// the threads of a process, and should be located at some address
+// that is visible to all threads (e.g., a global variable, or a
+// variable allocated dynamically on the heap).
+//
+// If pshared is nonzero, then the semaphore is shared between
+// processes, and should be located in a region of shared memory
+// (see shm_open(3), mmap(2), and shmget(2)).  (Since a child
+// created by fork(2) inherits its parent's memory mappings, it can
+// also access the semaphore.)  Any process that can access the
+// shared memory region can operate on the semaphore using
+// sem_post(3), sem_wait(3), and so on.
+//
+// Initializing a semaphore that has already been initialized
+// results in undefined behavior.
+//
+// llgo:link (*Sem).Init C.sem_init
+func (*Sem) Init(pshared c.Int, value c.Uint) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Sem).Destroy C.sem_destroy
+func (*Sem) Destroy() c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Sem).Post C.sem_post
+func (*Sem) Post() c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Sem).Wait C.sem_wait
+func (*Sem) Wait() c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Sem).TryWait C.sem_trywait
+func (*Sem) TryWait() c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Sem).GetValue C.sem_getvalue
+func (*Sem) GetValue(sval *c.Int) c.Int { return 0 }

c/raylib/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# LLGo wrapper of raysan5/raylib
+
+## How to install
+
+### on macOS (Homebrew)
+
+```sh
+brew install raylib
+```
+
+### on Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)
+
+```sh
+TODO
+```
+
+## Demos
+
+The `_demo` directory contains our demos (it start with `_` to prevent the `go` command from compiling it):
+
+- [tetris](_demo/tetris/tetris.go): tetris powered by raylib
+
+### How to run demos
+
+To run the demos in directory `_demo`:
+
+```sh
+cd <demo-directory>  # eg. cd _demo/tetris
+llgo run .
+```

c/socket/socket.go

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package socket
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = true
+)
+
+const (
+	AF_UNSPEC          = 0       // unspecified
+	AF_UNIX            = 1       // local to host (pipes)
+	AF_LOCAL           = AF_UNIX // backward compatibility
+	AF_INET            = 2       // internetwork: UDP, TCP, etc.
+	AF_IMPLINK         = 3       // arpanet imp addresses
+	AF_PUP             = 4       // pup protocols: e.g. BSP
+	AF_CHAOS           = 5       // mit CHAOS protocols
+	AF_NS              = 6       // XEROX NS protocols
+	AF_ISO             = 7       // ISO protocols
+	AF_OSI             = AF_ISO
+	AF_ECMA            = 8       // European computer manufacturers
+	AF_DATAKIT         = 9       // datakit protocols
+	AF_CCITT           = 10      // CCITT protocols, X.25 etc
+	AF_SNA             = 11      // IBM SNA
+	AF_DECnet          = 12      // DECnet
+	AF_DLI             = 13      // DEC Direct data link interface
+	AF_LAT             = 14      // LAT
+	AF_HYLINK          = 15      // NSC Hyperchannel
+	AF_APPLETALK       = 16      // Apple Talk
+	AF_ROUTE           = 17      // Internal Routing Protocol
+	AF_LINK            = 18      // Link layer interface
+	pseudo_AF_XTP      = 19      // eXpress Transfer Protocol (no AF)
+	AF_COIP            = 20      // connection-oriented IP, aka ST II
+	AF_CNT             = 21      // Computer Network Technology
+	pseudo_AF_RTIP     = 22      // Help Identify RTIP packets
+	AF_IPX             = 23      // Novell Internet Protocol
+	AF_SIP             = 24      // Simple Internet Protocol
+	pseudo_AF_PIP      = 25      // Help Identify PIP packets
+	AF_NDRV            = 27      // Network Driver 'raw' access
+	AF_ISDN            = 28      // Integrated Services Digital Network
+	AF_E164            = AF_ISDN // CCITT E.164 recommendation
+	pseudo_AF_KEY      = 29      // Internal key-management function
+	AF_INET6           = 30      // IPv6
+	AF_NATM            = 31      // native ATM access
+	AF_SYSTEM          = 32      // Kernel event messages
+	AF_NETBIOS         = 33      // NetBIOS
+	AF_PPP             = 34      // PPP communication protocol
+	pseudo_AF_HDRCMPLT = 35      // Used by BPF to not rewrite headers in interface output routine
+	AF_RESERVED_36     = 36      // Reserved for internal usage
+	AF_IEEE80211       = 37      // IEEE 802.11 protocol
+	AF_UTUN            = 38
+	AF_VSOCK           = 40 // VM Sockets
+	AF_MAX             = 41
+)
+
+const (
+	SOCK_STREAM    = 1 // stream socket
+	SOCK_DGRAM     = 2 // datagram socket
+	SOCK_RAW       = 3 // raw-protocol interface
+	SOCK_RDM       = 4 // reliably-delivered message
+	SOCK_SEQPACKET = 5 // sequenced packet stream
+)
+
+// (TODO) merge to inet
+const INET_ADDRSTRLEN = 16
+
+type SockaddrIn struct {
+	Len    uint8
+	Family uint8
+	Port   uint16
+	Addr   InAddr
+	Zero   [8]c.Char
+}
+
+type InAddr struct {
+	Addr c.Uint
+}
+
+type SockAddr struct {
+	Len    uint8
+	Family uint8
+	Data   [14]c.Char
+}
+
+// (TODO) merge to netdb
+type Hostent struct {
+	Name     *c.Char  // official name of host
+	Aliases  **c.Char // null-terminated array of alternate names for the host
+	AddrType c.Int    // host address type
+	Length   c.Int    // length of address
+	AddrList **c.Char // null-terminated array of addresses for the host
+}
+
+//go:linkname Socket C.socket
+func Socket(domain c.Int, typ c.Int, protocol c.Int) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Bind C.bind
+func Bind(sockfd c.Int, addr *SockaddrIn, addrlen c.Uint) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Connect C.connect
+func Connect(sockfd c.Int, addr *SockAddr, addrlen c.Uint) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Listen C.listen
+func Listen(sockfd c.Int, backlog c.Int) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Accept C.accept
+func Accept(sockfd c.Int, addr *SockaddrIn, addrlen *c.Uint) c.Int
+
+// (TODO) merge to netdb
+//
+//go:linkname GetHostByName C.gethostbyname
+func GetHostByName(name *c.Char) *Hostent
+
+// (TODO) merge to inet
+//
+//go:linkname InetNtop C.inet_ntop
+func InetNtop(af c.Int, src c.Pointer, dst *c.Char, size c.Uint) *c.Char
+
+func SwapInt16(data uint16) uint16 {
+	return (data << 8) | (data >> 8)
+}
+
+func Htons(x uint16) uint16 {
+	return SwapInt16(x)
+}

c/sync/atomic/atomic.go

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ package atomic
 
 import (
 	"unsafe"
-	_ "unsafe"
 )
 
 const (

c/syscall/syscall.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package syscall
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "decl"
+)
+
+type Errno = uintptr
+
+// A Signal is a number describing a process signal.
+// It implements the os.Signal interface.
+type Signal = int

c/syscall/unix/at_sysnum_darwin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package unix
+
+const AT_REMOVEDIR = 0x80
+const AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW = 0x0020
+
+const UTIME_OMIT = -0x2

c/syscall/unix/at_sysnum_dragonfly.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package unix
+
+const AT_REMOVEDIR = 0x2
+const AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW = 0x1
+
+const UTIME_OMIT = -0x1

c/syscall/unix/at_sysnum_freebsd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package unix
+
+const (
+	AT_REMOVEDIR        = 0x800
+	AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW = 0x200
+
+	UTIME_OMIT = -0x2
+)

c/syscall/unix/at_sysnum_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package unix
+
+const (
+	AT_EACCESS          = 0x200
+	AT_FDCWD            = -0x64
+	AT_REMOVEDIR        = 0x200
+	AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW = 0x100
+
+	UTIME_OMIT = 0x3ffffffe
+)

c/syscall/unix/at_sysnum_netbsd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package unix
+
+const AT_REMOVEDIR = 0x800
+const AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW = 0x200
+
+const UTIME_OMIT = (1 << 30) - 2

c/syscall/unix/at_sysnum_openbsd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package unix
+
+const AT_REMOVEDIR = 0x08
+const AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW = 0x02
+
+const UTIME_OMIT = -0x1

c/syscall/unix/unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package unix
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "decl"
+)