Merge pull request #394 from xushiwei/q

mv cases to _cmptest

.github/workflows/go.yml

@@ -11,45 +11,38 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
 
-  test-macos:
-    runs-on: macos-latest
+  test:
     strategy:
       matrix:
+        os: [macos-latest, ubuntu-latest]
         llvm: [17]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Update Homebrew
-        if: matrix.llvm == 17 # needed as long as LLVM 17 is still fresh
+        # needed as long as LLVM 17 is still fresh
+        if: matrix.llvm == 17 && startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos')
         run: brew update
-      - name: Install LLVM ${{ matrix.llvm }}
-        run: HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1 brew install llvm@${{ matrix.llvm }}
-        
-      - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: '1.20'
-
-      - name: Build
-        run: go build -v ./...
-
-      - name: Test
-        run: go test -v ./...
-
-  test-linux:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        llvm: [17]
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-    - name: Install LLVM ${{ matrix.llvm }}
+      - name: Install LLVM ${{ matrix.llvm }} and bdw-gc
+        if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos')
         run: |
-        echo 'deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-${{ matrix.llvm }} main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/llvm.list
+          HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1 brew install llvm@${{ matrix.llvm }} bdw-gc
+          echo `brew --prefix llvm@${{ matrix.llvm }}`/bin >> $GITHUB_PATH
+      - name: Install LLVM ${{ matrix.llvm }} and libgc-dev
+        if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu')
+        run: |
+          echo "deb http://apt.llvm.org/$(lsb_release -cs)/ llvm-toolchain-$(lsb_release -cs)-${{ matrix.llvm }} main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/llvm.list
           wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
           sudo apt-get update
-        sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends llvm-${{ matrix.llvm }}-dev
+          sudo apt-get install -y llvm-${{ matrix.llvm }}-dev clang-${{ matrix.llvm }} lld-${{ matrix.llvm }} pkg-config libgc-dev libcjson-dev libsqlite3-dev python3.11-dev
+          echo /usr/lib/llvm-${{ matrix.llvm }}/bin >> $GITHUB_PATH
+    
+      - name: Clang information
+        run: |
+          echo $PATH
+          which clang
+          clang --version
         
       - name: Set up Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
@@ -60,8 +53,38 @@ jobs:
         run: go build -v ./...
 
       - name: Test
+        if: matrix.os != 'macos-latest'
+        run: go test -v ./...
+
+      - name: Test with coverage
+        if: matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
         run: go test -v -coverprofile="coverage.txt" -covermode=atomic ./...
 
+      - name: Install
+        run: go install ./...
+      
+      - name: LLGO tests
+        if: matrix.os != 'ubuntu-latest'
+        run: |
+          echo "Test result on ${{ matrix.os }} with LLVM ${{ matrix.llvm }}" > result.md
+          LLGOROOT=$PWD bash .github/workflows/test_llgo.sh
+      
+      - name: Test _demo and _pydemo
+        run: |
+          set +e
+          LLGOROOT=$PWD bash .github/workflows/test_demo.sh
+          exit 0
+      
+      - name: Show test result
+        run: cat result.md
+
+      - name: PR comment with test result
+        uses: thollander/actions-comment-pull-request@v2
+        if: false
+        with:
+          filePath: result.md
+          comment_tag: test-result-on-${{ matrix.os }}-with-llvm-${{ matrix.llvm }}
+
       - name: Upload coverage reports to Codecov
         uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
         with:

.github/workflows/test_demo.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# llgo run subdirectories under _demo and _pydemo
+total=0
+failed=0
+failed_cases=""
+for d in ./_demo/* ./_pydemo/*; do
+  total=$((total+1))
+  if [ -d "$d" ]; then
+    echo "Testing $d"
+    if ! llgo run -v "$d"; then
+      echo "FAIL"
+      failed=$((failed+1))
+      failed_cases="$failed_cases\n* :x: $d"
+    else
+      echo "PASS"
+    fi
+  fi
+done
+echo "=== Done"
+echo "$((total-failed))/$total tests passed"
+
+if [ "$failed" -ne 0 ]; then
+  echo ":bangbang: Failed demo cases:" | tee -a result.md
+  echo -e "$failed_cases" | tee -a result.md
+  exit 1
+else
+  echo ":white_check_mark: All demo tests passed" | tee -a result.md
+fi

.github/workflows/test_llgo.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+export LLGOROOT=$PWD
+
+testcmd=/tmp/test
+llgo build -o $testcmd ./_test
+cases=$($testcmd)
+total=$(echo "$cases" | wc -l | tr -d ' ')
+failed=0
+failed_cases=""
+
+for idx in $(seq 1 $((total))); do
+  case=$(echo "$cases" | sed -n "${idx}p")
+  case_name=$(echo "$case" | cut -d',' -f2)
+  echo "=== Test case: $case_name"
+  set +e
+  out=$("$testcmd" "$((idx-1))" 2>&1)
+  exit_code=$?
+  set -e
+  if [ "${exit_code:-0}" -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "failed: $out"
+    failed=$((failed+1))
+    failed_cases="$failed_cases\n* :x: $case_name"
+  else
+    echo "passed"
+  fi
+done
+echo "=== Done"
+echo "$((total-failed))/$total tests passed"
+
+if [ "$failed" -ne 0 ]; then
+  echo ":bangbang: Failed llgo cases:" | tee -a result.md
+  echo -e "$failed_cases" | tee -a result.md
+  exit 1
+else
+  echo ":white_check_mark: All llgo tests passed" | tee -a result.md
+fi

.gitignore

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 *.dylib
 
 test.db
-llgo_autogen.ll
+demo.ll
+llgo_autogen*.ll
 stories*.bin
 .DS_Store
 err.log

README.md

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ The `_demo` directory contains some C standard libary related demos (it start wi
 To run these demos (If you haven't installed `llgo` yet, please refer to [How to install](#how-to-install)):
 
 ```sh
-export LLGOROOT=`pwd`
 cd <demo-directory>  # eg. cd _demo/hello
 llgo run .
 ```
@@ -46,8 +45,9 @@ See [github.com/goplus/llgo/c](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c) for
 
 You can import a Python library in LLGo!
 
-And you can import any Python library into `llgo` through a program called `llpyg` (see [Development tools](#development-tools)). The currently imported libraries include:
+And you can import any Python library into `llgo` through a program called `llpyg` (see [Development tools](#development-tools)). The following libraries have been included in `llgo`:
 
+* [builtins](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/std)
 * [sys](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/sys)
 * [os](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/os)
 * [math](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/math)
@@ -55,6 +55,11 @@ And you can import any Python library into `llgo` through a program called `llpy
 * [inspect](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/inspect)
 * [statistics](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/statistics)
 * [numpy](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/numpy)
+* [pandas](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/pandas)
+* [pytorch](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/torch)
+* [matplotlib](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py/matplotlib)
+
+Note: For third-party libraries (such as pandas and pytorch), you still need to install the library files.
 
 Here is an example using the Python `math` library:
 
@@ -125,10 +130,10 @@ You can also specify the path to tell `llgo` where the Python library is located
 export LLGO_LIB_PYTHON=/foo/bar/python3.12
 ```
 
-For example, `/opt/homebrew/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/libpython3.12.dylib` is a typical python library location under macOS. So we should set it like this:
+For example, `/opt/homebrew/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/libpython3.12.dylib` is a typical python library location under macOS. So we should set it like this:
 
 ```sh
-export LLGO_LIB_PYTHON=/opt/homebrew/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/python3.12
+export LLGO_LIB_PYTHON=/opt/homebrew/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12
 ```
 
 Note that the file name must be written in a platform-independent format, using `python3.12` instead of `libpython3.12.dylib`.
@@ -136,7 +141,6 @@ Note that the file name must be written in a platform-independent format, using
 Then you can run the demos:
 
 ```sh
-export LLGOROOT=`pwd`
 cd <demo-directory>  # eg. cd _pydemo/callpy
 llgo run .
 ```
@@ -148,7 +152,7 @@ See [github.com/goplus/llgo/py](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py) fo
 
 LLGo can easily import any libraries from the C ecosystem. Currently, this import process is still manual, but in the future, it will be automated similar to Python library imports.
 
-The currently imported libraries include:
+The currently supported libraries include:
 
 * [llama2.c](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/llama2)
 * [cjson](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/cjson)
@@ -163,31 +167,68 @@ Here are some examples related to them:
 
 ## Go syntax support
 
-The priority of `llgo` feature iteration is:
-
-* Popular C/Python libraries
-* Full Go syntax
-* Go standard libraries
-* Popular Go packages
-
 Common Go syntax is already supported. Except for the following, which needs to be improved:
 
-* interface (Limited support)
 * map (Very limited support)
-* panic (Limited support)
-* recover (Not supported yet)
-* defer (Not supported yet)
-* gc (Not supported yet)
 * chan (Not supported yet)
-* goroutine (Not supported yet)
-* generics (Not supported yet)
 
 Here are some examples related to Go syntax:
 
 * [concat](_demo/concat/concat.go): define a variadic function
 * [genints](_demo/genints/genints.go): various forms of closure usage (including C function, recv.method and anonymous function)
+* [errors](_cmptest/errors/errors.go): demo to implement error interface
+* [defer](_cmptest/defer/defer.go): defer demo
+* [goroutine](_demo/goroutine/goroutine.go): goroutine demo
 
 
+## Defer
+
+LLGo `defer` does not support usage in loops. This is not a bug but a feature, because we think that using `defer` in a loop is a very unrecommended practice.
+
+
+### Garbage Collection (GC)
+
+By default, LLGo implements `gc` based on [bdwgc](https://www.hboehm.info/gc/) (also known as [libgc](https://www.hboehm.info/gc/)).
+
+However, you can disable gc by specifying the `nogc` tag. For example:
+
+```sh
+llgo run -tags nogc .
+```
+
+
+## Go packages support
+
+Here are the Go packages that can be imported correctly:
+
+* [unsafe](https://pkg.go.dev/unsafe)
+* [unicode](https://pkg.go.dev/unicode)
+* [unicode/utf8](https://pkg.go.dev/unicode/utf8)
+* [unicode/utf16](https://pkg.go.dev/unicode/utf16)
+* [math](https://pkg.go.dev/math)
+* [math/bits](https://pkg.go.dev/math/bits)
+* [math/cmplx](https://pkg.go.dev/math/cmplx)
+* [sort](https://pkg.go.dev/sort)
+* [strconv](https://pkg.go.dev/strconv)
+* [sync/atomic](https://pkg.go.dev/sync/atomic)
+* [sync](https://pkg.go.dev/sync) (partially)
+* [syscall](https://pkg.go.dev/syscall) (partially)
+* [os](https://pkg.go.dev/os) (partially)
+* [reflect](https://pkg.go.dev/reflect) (partially)
+
+
+## Dependencies
+
+- [Go 1.20+](https://go.dev) (build only)
+- [LLVM 17](https://llvm.org)
+- [LLD 17](https://lld.llvm.org)
+- [Clang 17](https://clang.llvm.org)
+- [pkg-config 0.29+](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/pkg-config/)
+- [bdwgc/libgc 8.0+](https://www.hboehm.info/gc/)
+- [cJSON 1.7+](https://github.com/DaveGamble/cJSON) (optional, for [`github.com/goplus/llgo/c/cjson`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/cjson))
+- [SQLite 3](https://www.sqlite.org) (optional, for [`github.com/goplus/llgo/c/sqlite`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/c/sqlite))
+- [Python 3.11+](https://www.python.org) (optional, for [`github.com/goplus/llgo/py`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/llgo/py))
+
 ## How to install
 
 Follow these steps to generate the `llgo` command (its usage is the same as the `go` command):
@@ -196,17 +237,29 @@ Follow these steps to generate the `llgo` command (its usage is the same as the
 
 ```sh
 brew update # execute if needed
-brew install llvm@17
+brew install llvm@17 pkg-config libgc
+brew install cjson sqlite python@3.12 # optional
+export PATH=$(brew --prefix llvm@17)/bin:$PATH # you may want to add this to your shell RC file, e.g. ~/.zshrc
+export CC=clang CXX=clang++ # only for go build; optional if you have other compatible compilers
+git clone https://github.com/goplus/llgo.git
+cd llgo
+export LLGOROOT="/path/to/llgo" # Replace this with the root directory of the llgo project
 go install -v ./...
 ```
 
-### on Linux
+### on Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)
 
 ```sh
-echo 'deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-17 main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/llvm.list
+echo "deb http://apt.llvm.org/$(lsb_release -cs)/ llvm-toolchain-$(lsb_release -cs)-17 main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/llvm.list
 wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
 sudo apt-get update # execute if needed
-sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends llvm-17-dev
+sudo apt-get install -y llvm-17-dev clang-17 lld-17 pkg-config libgc-dev
+sudo apt-get install -y libcjson-dev libsqlite3-dev python3.12-dev # optional
+export PATH=/usr/lib/llvm-17/bin:$PATH # you may want to add this to your shell RC file, e.g. ~/.bashrc
+export CC=clang CXX=clang++ # only for go build; optional if you have other compatible compilers
+git clone https://github.com/goplus/llgo.git
+cd llgo
+export LLGOROOT="/path/to/llgo" # Replace this with the root directory of the llgo project
 go install -v ./...
 ```
 
@@ -218,16 +271,19 @@ TODO
 ## Development tools
 
 * [pydump](chore/_xtool/pydump): It's the first program compiled by `llgo` (NOT `go`) in a production environment. It outputs symbol information (functions, variables, and constants) from a Python library in JSON format, preparing for the generation of corresponding packages in `llgo`.
-* [llpyg](chore/llpyg): It is used to automatically convert Python libraries into Go packages that `llgo` can import. It depends on `pydump` to accomplish the task.
+* [pysigfetch](https://github.com/goplus/hdq/tree/main/chore/pysigfetch): It generates symbol information by extracting information from Python's documentation site. This tool is not part of the `llgo` project, but we depend on it.
+* [llpyg](chore/llpyg): It is used to automatically convert Python libraries into Go packages that `llgo` can import. It depends on `pydump` and `pysigfetch` to accomplish the task.
 * [llgen](chore/llgen): It is used to compile Go packages into LLVM IR files (*.ll).
 * [ssadump](chore/ssadump): It is a Go SSA builder and interpreter.
 
 How do I generate these tools?
 
 ```sh
+export CC=clang CXX=clang++ # only for go build; optional if you have other compatible compilers
 go install -v ./...  # compile all tools except pydump
 cd chore/_xtool
 llgo install ./...   # compile pydump
+go install github.com/goplus/hdq/chore/pysigfetch@v0.8.1  # compile pysigfetch
 ```
 
 ## Key modules

_cmptest/defer/defer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package main
+
+func f(s string) bool {
+	return len(s) > 2
+}
+
+func main() {
+	defer func() {
+		println("hi")
+	}()
+	if s := "hello"; f(s) {
+		defer println(s)
+	} else {
+		defer println("world")
+	}
+	defer println("bye")
+}

_cmptest/errors/errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package main
+
+// New returns an error that formats as the given text.
+// Each call to New returns a distinct error value even if the text is identical.
+func New(text string) error {
+	return &errorString{text}
+}
+
+// errorString is a trivial implementation of error.
+type errorString struct {
+	s string
+}
+
+func (e *errorString) Error() string {
+	return e.s
+}
+
+func main() {
+	err := New("an error")
+	println(err.Error())
+}

_cmptest/interf/foo/foo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package foo
+
+func Bar() any {
+	return struct{ V int }{1}
+}
+
+func F() any {
+	return struct{ v int }{1}
+}

_cmptest/interf/interf.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/_cmptest/interf/foo"
+)
+
+func Foo() any {
+	return struct{ v int }{1}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	v := Foo()
+	if x, ok := v.(struct{ v int }); ok {
+		println(x.v)
+	} else {
+		println("Foo: not ok")
+	}
+	bar := foo.Bar()
+	if x, ok := bar.(struct{ V int }); ok {
+		println(x.V)
+	} else {
+		println("Bar: not ok")
+	}
+	if x, ok := foo.F().(struct{ v int }); ok {
+		println(x.v)
+	} else {
+		println("F: not ok")
+	}
+}
+
+/* Expected output:
+1
+1
+F: not ok
+*/

_cmptest/reflect/reflect.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package main
+
+import "reflect"
+
+func main() {
+	tyIntSlice := reflect.SliceOf(reflect.TypeOf(0))
+	v := reflect.Zero(tyIntSlice)
+	v = reflect.Append(v, reflect.ValueOf(1), reflect.ValueOf(2), reflect.ValueOf(3))
+	for i, n := 0, v.Len(); i < n; i++ {
+		item := v.Index(i)
+		println(item.Int())
+	}
+}

_cmptest/rtype/rtype.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package main
+
+import "reflect"
+
+func main() {
+	tyIntSlice := reflect.SliceOf(reflect.TypeOf(0))
+	println(tyIntSlice.String())
+
+	v := reflect.Zero(tyIntSlice)
+	println(v.Len())
+
+	v = reflect.ValueOf(100)
+	println(v.Int())
+}

_cmptest/strconv/strconv.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package main
+
+import "strconv"
+
+func main() {
+	println(strconv.Itoa(-123))
+}

_cmptest/syscall/syscall.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package main
+
+import "syscall"
+
+func main() {
+	wd, err := syscall.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	println("cwd:", wd)
+}

_demo/catomic/atomic.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/sync/atomic"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	var v int64
+
+	atomic.Store(&v, 100)
+	println("store:", atomic.Load(&v))
+
+	ret := atomic.Add(&v, 1)
+	println("ret:", ret, "v:", v)
+
+	ret, _ = atomic.CompareAndExchange(&v, 100, 102)
+	println("ret:", ret, "vs 100, v:", v)
+
+	ret, _ = atomic.CompareAndExchange(&v, 101, 102)
+	println("ret:", ret, "vs 101, v:", v)
+
+	ret = atomic.Sub(&v, 1)
+	println("ret:", ret, "v:", v)
+}

_demo/complex/cmplx.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"math/cmplx"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	println("abs(3+4i):", cmplx.Abs(3+4i))
+}

_demo/cppintf/cppintf.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/_demo/cppintf/foo"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/math"
+)
+
+type Bar struct {
+	foo.Callback
+	a int
+}
+
+func NewBar(a int) *Bar {
+	return &Bar{
+		Callback: foo.Callback{
+			Vptr: &foo.CallbackVtbl{
+				Val:  c.Func((*Bar).getA),
+				Calc: c.Func((*Bar).sqrt),
+			},
+		},
+		a: a,
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *Bar) getA() int {
+	return p.a
+}
+
+func (p *Bar) sqrt(v float64) float64 {
+	return math.Sqrt(v)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	bar := NewBar(1)
+	foo.F(&bar.Callback)
+	foo.G(&bar.Callback)
+}

_demo/cppintf/foo/bar/bar.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define interface struct
+
+interface ICallback {
+	virtual int val() = 0;
+	virtual double calc(double v) = 0;
+};
+
+extern "C" void f(ICallback* cb) {
+	printf("val: %d\ncalc(2): %lf\n", cb->val(), cb->calc(2));
+}
+
+void g(ICallback* cb) {
+	f(cb);
+}

_demo/cppintf/foo/foo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package foo
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoFiles   = "bar/bar.cpp"
+	LLGoPackage = "link"
+)
+
+type Callback struct {
+	Vptr *CallbackVtbl
+}
+
+type CallbackVtbl struct {
+	Val  unsafe.Pointer
+	Calc unsafe.Pointer
+}
+
+//go:linkname F C.f
+func F(cb *Callback)
+
+//go:linkname G C._Z1gP9ICallback
+func G(cb *Callback)

_demo/getcwd/getcwd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/os"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	wd := os.Getcwd(c.Alloca(os.PATH_MAX), os.PATH_MAX)
+	c.Printf(c.Str("cwd: %s\n"), wd)
+}

_demo/goroutine/goroutine.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package main
+
+func main() {
+	done := false
+	go func() {
+		println("Hello, goroutine")
+		done = true
+	}()
+	for !done {
+		print(".")
+	}
+}

_demo/math/math.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"math"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	println(math.Sqrt(2))
+	println(math.Abs(-1.2))
+	println(math.Ldexp(1.2, 3))
+}

_demo/setjmp/setjmp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/setjmp"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	var jb setjmp.SigjmpBuf
+	switch ret := setjmp.Sigsetjmp(&jb, 0); ret {
+	case 0:
+		println("Hello, setjmp!")
+		setjmp.Siglongjmp(&jb, 1)
+	default:
+		println("exception:", ret)
+	}
+}

_demo/sortdemo/sort.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package main
+
+import "sort"
+
+func main() {
+	vals := []int{32, 58, 25, 92, 45, 78}
+	sort.Ints(vals)
+	for _, v := range vals {
+		println(v)
+	}
+
+	texts := []string{"apple", "banana", "cherry", "date", "elderberry", "fig"}
+	sort.Slice(texts, func(i, j int) bool {
+		leni, lenj := len(texts[i]), len(texts[j])
+		if leni != lenj {
+			return leni < lenj
+		}
+		return texts[i] < texts[j]
+	})
+	for _, v := range texts {
+		println(v)
+	}
+}

_demo/thread/thd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/pthread"
+)
+
+var key pthread.Key
+
+func main() {
+	key.Create(nil)
+	key.Set(c.Pointer(c.Str("main value\n")))
+
+	var thd pthread.Thread
+	pthread.Create(&thd, nil, func(arg c.Pointer) c.Pointer {
+		key.Set(c.Pointer(c.Str("thread value\n")))
+		c.Printf(c.Str("Hello, thread\nTLS: %s"), key.Get())
+		return c.Pointer(c.Str("Back to main\n"))
+	}, nil)
+
+	var retval c.Pointer
+	pthread.Join(thd, &retval)
+
+	c.Printf(c.Str("%sTLS: %s"), retval, key.Get())
+}

_pydemo/max/max.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/std"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	x := std.Max(py.Float(3.0), py.Float(9.0), py.Float(23.0), py.Float(100.0))
+	std.Print(x)
+
+	list := py.List(3.0, 9.0, 23.0, 100.0)
+	y := std.Max(std.Iter(list))
+	std.Print(y)
+}

_pydemo/print/print.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/std"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	x := py.Float(3.14)
+	std.Print(x)
+}

_pydemo/tensor/tensor.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/std"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/py/torch"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	data := py.List(
+		py.List(1.0, 2.0),
+		py.List(3.0, 4.0),
+	)
+	x := torch.Tensor(data)
+	std.Print(x)
+}

_test/bdwgc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/_test/testing"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/bdwgc"
+)
+
+// ------ Test malloc ------
+
+func TestMalloc(t *testing.T) {
+	pn := (*int)(bdwgc.Malloc(unsafe.Sizeof(int(0))))
+	*pn = 1 << 30
+	c.Printf(c.Str("value: %d, %x, %p, %p\n"), *pn, *pn, pn, &pn)
+
+	pl := (*int64)(bdwgc.Realloc(c.Pointer(pn), unsafe.Sizeof(int64(0))))
+	*pl = 1 << 60
+	c.Printf(c.Str("value: %lld, %llx, %p, %p\n"), *pl, *pl, pl, &pl)
+
+	bdwgc.Free(c.Pointer(pl))
+}
+
+// ------ Test finalizer ------
+
+const (
+	RETURN_VALUE_FREED = 1 << 31
+)
+
+var called uint = 0
+
+func setReturnValueFreed(pobj c.Pointer, clientData c.Pointer) {
+	called |= RETURN_VALUE_FREED
+	c.Printf(c.Str("called: %x\n"), called)
+}
+
+func setLoopValueFreed(pobj c.Pointer, clientData c.Pointer) {
+	pmask := (*uint)(clientData)
+	called |= *pmask
+	c.Printf(c.Str("called: %x\n"), called)
+}
+
+func isCalled(mask uint) bool {
+	return called&mask != 0
+}
+
+func returnValue() *int {
+	pn := bdwgc.Malloc(unsafe.Sizeof(int(0)))
+	bdwgc.RegisterFinalizer(pn, setReturnValueFreed, nil, nil, nil)
+	return (*int)(pn)
+}
+
+func callFunc() {
+	pn := returnValue()
+	*pn = 1 << 30
+	c.Printf(c.Str("value: %d, %x, %p, %p\n"), *pn, *pn, pn, &pn)
+	bdwgc.Gcollect()
+	check(!isCalled(RETURN_VALUE_FREED), c.Str("finalizer should not be called"))
+}
+
+func loop() {
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		p := bdwgc.Malloc(unsafe.Sizeof(int(0)))
+		pn := (*int)(p)
+		*pn = i
+		c.Printf(c.Str("value: %d, %x, %p, %p\n"), *pn, *pn, pn, &pn)
+		pflag := (*uint)(c.Malloc(unsafe.Sizeof(uint(0))))
+		*pflag = 1 << i
+		bdwgc.RegisterFinalizer(p, setLoopValueFreed, c.Pointer(pflag), nil, nil)
+		bdwgc.Gcollect()
+		check(!isCalled(1<<i), c.Str("finalizer should not be called"))
+		for j := 0; j < i; j++ {
+			check(isCalled(1<<j), c.Str("finalizers of previous objects should be called"))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Clear stack to avoid reference
+func clearStack() {
+	p := c.Alloca(128)
+	c.Memset(p, 0, 128)
+}
+
+func check(b bool, msg *c.Char) {
+	if !b {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("check failed: %s\n"), msg)
+		panic("check failed")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFinalizer(t *testing.T) {
+	bdwgc.Init()
+
+	callFunc()
+	clearStack()
+	bdwgc.Gcollect()
+	check(isCalled(RETURN_VALUE_FREED), c.Str("finalizer should be called"))
+
+	loop()
+}

_test/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/_test/testing"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+type TestCase struct {
+	Name string
+	F    func(*testing.T)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	tests := []TestCase{
+		{"TestMalloc", TestMalloc},
+		{"TestFinalizer", TestFinalizer},
+	}
+	if c.Argc == 1 {
+		for _, test := range tests {
+			c.Printf(c.Str("%s\n"), c.AllocaCStr(test.Name))
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	c.Fprintf(c.Stderr, c.Str("arg: %s\n"), c.Index(c.Argv, 1))
+	idx := int(c.Atoi(c.Index(c.Argv, 1)))
+	if idx < 0 || idx >= len(tests) {
+		c.Printf(c.Str("invalid test index %d"), idx)
+		panic("invalid test index")
+	}
+	tests[idx].F(nil)
+}

_test/testing/testing.go

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+package testing
+
+type T struct {
+}

c/bdwgc/bdwgc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package bdwgc
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "link: $(pkg-config --libs bdw-gc); -lgc"
+)
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname Init C.GC_init
+func Init()
+
+//go:linkname Malloc C.GC_malloc
+func Malloc(size uintptr) c.Pointer
+
+//go:linkname Realloc C.GC_realloc
+func Realloc(ptr c.Pointer, size uintptr) c.Pointer
+
+//go:linkname Free C.GC_free
+func Free(ptr c.Pointer)
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname RegisterFinalizer C.GC_register_finalizer
+func RegisterFinalizer(
+	obj c.Pointer,
+	fn func(c.Pointer, c.Pointer), cd c.Pointer,
+	oldFn *func(c.Pointer, c.Pointer), oldCd *c.Pointer)
+
+//go:linkname RegisterFinalizerNoOrder C.GC_register_finalizer_no_order
+func RegisterFinalizerNoOrder(
+	obj c.Pointer,
+	fn func(c.Pointer, c.Pointer), cd c.Pointer,
+	oldFn *func(c.Pointer, c.Pointer), oldCd *c.Pointer)
+
+//go:linkname RegisterFinalizerIgnoreSelf C.GC_register_finalizer_ignore_self
+func RegisterFinalizerIgnoreSelf(
+	obj c.Pointer,
+	fn func(c.Pointer, c.Pointer), cd c.Pointer,
+	oldFn *func(c.Pointer, c.Pointer), oldCd *c.Pointer)
+
+//go:linkname RegisterFinalizerUnreachable C.GC_register_finalizer_unreachable
+func RegisterFinalizerUnreachable(
+	obj c.Pointer,
+	fn func(c.Pointer, c.Pointer), cd c.Pointer,
+	oldFn *func(c.Pointer, c.Pointer), oldCd *c.Pointer)
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname Enable C.GC_enable
+func Enable()
+
+//go:linkname Disable C.GC_disable
+func Disable()
+
+//go:linkname IsDisabled C.GC_is_disabled
+func IsDisabled() c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Gcollect C.GC_gcollect
+func Gcollect()
+
+//go:linkname GetMemoryUse C.GC_get_memory_use
+func GetMemoryUse() uintptr
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname EnableIncremental C.GC_enable_incremental
+func EnableIncremental()
+
+//go:linkname IsIncrementalMode C.GC_is_incremental_mode
+func IsIncrementalMode() c.Int
+
+//go:linkname IncrementalProtectionNeeds C.GC_incremental_protection_needs
+func IncrementalProtectionNeeds() c.Int
+
+//go:linkname StartIncrementalCollection C.GC_start_incremental_collection
+func StartIncrementalCollection()
+
+//go:linkname CollectALittle C.GC_collect_a_little
+func CollectALittle()
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

c/bitcast/_cast/cast.c

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+typedef union {
+    double d;
+    float  f;
+    long   v;
+} castUnion;
+
+double llgoToFloat64(long v) {
+    castUnion k;
+    k.v = v;
+    return k.d;
+}
+
+float llgoToFloat32(long v) {
+    castUnion k;
+    k.v = v;
+    return k.f;
+}

c/bitcast/bitcast.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package bitcast
+
+import _ "unsafe"
+
+const (
+	LLGoFiles   = "_cast/cast.c"
+	LLGoPackage = "link"
+)
+
+//go:linkname ToFloat64 C.llgoToFloat64
+func ToFloat64(v uintptr) float64
+
+//go:linkname ToFloat32 C.llgoToFloat32
+func ToFloat32(v uintptr) float32

c/c.go

@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ const (
 
 type (
 	Char      = int8
-	Int       = C.int
-	Uint      = C.uint
 	Long      = int32
 	Ulong     = uint32
 	LongLong  = int64
@@ -38,6 +36,11 @@ type (
 	FilePtr   = unsafe.Pointer
 )
 
+type (
+	Int  C.int
+	Uint C.uint
+)
+
 type integer interface {
 	~int | ~uint | ~uintptr | ~int32 | ~uint32 | ~int64 | ~uint64
 }
@@ -45,8 +48,11 @@ type integer interface {
 //go:linkname Str llgo.cstr
 func Str(string) *Char
 
+//go:linkname Func llgo.funcAddr
+func Func(any) Pointer
+
 // llgo:link Advance llgo.advance
-func Advance[PtrT any](ptr PtrT, offset int) PtrT { return ptr }
+func Advance[PtrT any, I integer](ptr PtrT, offset I) PtrT { return ptr }
 
 // llgo:link Index llgo.index
 func Index[T any, I integer](ptr *T, offset I) T { return *ptr }
@@ -57,27 +63,107 @@ func Alloca(size uintptr) Pointer
 //go:linkname AllocaCStr llgo.allocaCStr
 func AllocaCStr(s string) *Char
 
-//go:linkname Unreachable llgo.unreachable
-func Unreachable()
-
 //go:linkname Malloc C.malloc
 func Malloc(size uintptr) Pointer
 
+//go:linkname Free C.free
+func Free(ptr Pointer)
+
 //go:linkname Memcpy C.memcpy
 func Memcpy(dst, src Pointer, n uintptr) Pointer
 
+//go:linkname Memmove C.memmove
+func Memmove(dst, src Pointer, n uintptr) Pointer
+
 //go:linkname Memset C.memset
 func Memset(s Pointer, c Int, n uintptr) Pointer
 
+//go:linkname Memchr C.memchr
+func Memchr(s Pointer, c Int, n uintptr) Pointer
+
+//go:linkname Memcmp C.memcmp
+func Memcmp(s1, s2 Pointer, n uintptr) Int
+
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+//go:linkname Strlen C.strlen
+func Strlen(s *Char) uintptr
+
+//go:linkname Strcpy C.strcpy
+func Strcpy(dst, src *Char) *Char
+
+//go:linkname Strncpy C.strncpy
+func Strncpy(dst, src *Char, n uintptr) *Char
+
+//go:linkname Strcat C.strcat
+func Strcat(dst, src *Char) *Char
+
+//go:linkname Strncat C.strncat
+func Strncat(dst, src *Char, n uintptr) *Char
+
+//go:linkname Strcmp C.strcmp
+func Strcmp(s1, s2 *Char) Int
+
+//go:linkname Strncmp C.strncmp
+func Strncmp(s1, s2 *Char, n uintptr) Int
+
+//go:linkname Strchr C.strchr
+func Strchr(s *Char, c Int) *Char
+
+//go:linkname Strrchr C.strrchr
+func Strrchr(s *Char, c Int) *Char
+
+//go:linkname Strstr C.strstr
+func Strstr(s1, s2 *Char) *Char
+
+//go:linkname Strdup C.strdup
+func Strdup(s *Char) *Char
+
+//go:linkname Strndup C.strndup
+func Strndup(s *Char, n uintptr) *Char
+
+//go:linkname Strtok C.strtok
+func Strtok(s, delim *Char) *Char
+
+//go:linkname Strerror C.strerror
+func Strerror(errnum Int) *Char
+
+//go:linkname Sprintf C.sprintf
+func Sprintf(s *Char, format *Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) Int
+
+//go:linkname Snprintf C.snprintf
+func Snprintf(s *Char, n uintptr, format *Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) Int
+
+//go:linkname Vsnprintf C.vsnprintf
+func Vsnprintf(s *Char, n uintptr, format *Char, ap Pointer) Int
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// GoString converts a C string to a Go string.
+// TODO(xsw): any => int
+//
+//go:linkname GoString llgo.string
+func GoString(cstr *Char, __llgo_va_list /* n */ ...any) string
+
 //go:linkname GoStringData llgo.stringData
 func GoStringData(string) *Char
 
+//go:linkname GoDeferData llgo.deferData
+func GoDeferData() Pointer
+
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-//go:linkname Remove C.remove
-func Remove(path *Char) Int
+//go:linkname AllocaSigjmpBuf llgo.sigjmpbuf
+func AllocaSigjmpBuf() Pointer
+
+//go:linkname Sigsetjmp llgo.sigsetjmp
+func Sigsetjmp(jb Pointer, savemask Int) Int
+
+//go:linkname Siglongjmp llgo.siglongjmp
+func Siglongjmp(jb Pointer, retval Int)
+
+//go:linkname Unreachable llgo.unreachable
+func Unreachable()
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -94,14 +180,10 @@ func Qsort(base Pointer, count, elem uintptr, compar func(a, b Pointer) Int)
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-//go:linkname Stdin __stdinp
-var Stdin FilePtr
+//go:linkname Atoi C.atoi
+func Atoi(s *Char) Int
 
-//go:linkname Stdout __stdoutp
-var Stdout FilePtr
-
-//go:linkname Stderr __stderrp
-var Stderr FilePtr
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 //go:linkname Printf C.printf
 func Printf(format *Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) Int
@@ -109,11 +191,26 @@ func Printf(format *Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) Int
 //go:linkname Fprintf C.fprintf
 func Fprintf(fp FilePtr, format *Char, __llgo_va_list ...any) Int
 
+//go:linkname Fwrite C.fwrite
+func Fwrite(data Pointer, size, count uintptr, fp FilePtr) uintptr
+
+//go:linkname Fputc C.fputc
+func Fputc(c Int, fp FilePtr) Int
+
+//go:linkname Fputs C.fputs
+func Fputs(s *Char, fp FilePtr) Int
+
+//go:linkname Fflush C.fflush
+func Fflush(fp FilePtr) Int
+
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 //go:linkname Time C.time
 func Time(*int32) int32
 
+//go:linkname Usleep C.usleep
+func Usleep(useconds Uint) Int
+
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 type Option struct {

c/c_default.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//go:build !linux
+// +build !linux
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package c
+
+import _ "unsafe"
+
+//go:linkname Stdin __stdinp
+var Stdin FilePtr
+
+//go:linkname Stdout __stdoutp
+var Stdout FilePtr
+
+//go:linkname Stderr __stderrp
+var Stderr FilePtr

c/c_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//go:build linux
+// +build linux
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package c
+
+import _ "unsafe"
+
+//go:linkname Stdin stdin
+var Stdin FilePtr
+
+//go:linkname Stdout stdout
+var Stdout FilePtr
+
+//go:linkname Stderr stderr
+var Stderr FilePtr

c/cjson/README.md

@@ -1,22 +1,18 @@
 LLGo wrapper of DaveGamble/cJSON
 =====
-[![Build Status](https://github.com/goplus/cjson/actions/workflows/go.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/goplus/cjson/actions/workflows/go.yml)
-[![GitHub release](https://img.shields.io/github/v/tag/goplus/cjson.svg?label=release)](https://github.com/goplus/cjson/releases)
-[![GoDoc](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/github.com/goplus/cjson.svg)](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/cjson)
-[![Compiler](https://img.shields.io/badge/compiler-llgo-darkgreen.svg)](https://github.com/goplus/llgo)
-[![Language](https://img.shields.io/badge/language-Go+-blue.svg)](https://github.com/goplus/gop)
 
 ## How to install
 
+### on macOS (Homebrew)
+
 ```sh
-git clone https://github.com/goplus/cjson.git
-cd cjson
-git submodule init
-git submodule update
-mkdir build.dir
-cd build.dir
-cmake ../cJSON
-sudo make install
+brew install cjson 
+```
+
+### on Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)
+
+```sh
+apt-get install -y libcjson-dev
 ```
 
 ## Demos

c/cjson/cjson.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	LLGoPackage = "link: cjson"
+	LLGoPackage = "link: $(pkg-config --libs libcjson); -lcjson"
 )
 
 // llgo:type C

c/math/cmplx/complex.go

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package cmplx
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "decl"
+)
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname Abs C.cabs
+func Abs(z complex128) float64
+
+//go:linkname Acos C.cacos
+func Acos(z complex128) complex128
+
+//go:linkname Acosh C.cacosh
+func Acosh(z complex128) complex128
+
+//go:linkname Asin C.casin
+func Asin(z complex128) complex128
+
+//go:linkname Asinh C.casinh
+func Asinh(z complex128) complex128
+
+//go:linkname Atan C.catan
+func Atan(z complex128) complex128
+
+//go:linkname Atanh C.catanh
+func Atanh(z complex128) complex128
+
+//go:linkname Cos C.ccos
+func Cos(z complex128) complex128
+
+//go:linkname Cosh C.ccosh
+func Cosh(z complex128) complex128
+
+//go:linkname Exp C.cexp
+func Exp(z complex128) complex128
+
+//go:linkname Log C.clog
+func Log(z complex128) complex128
+
+//go:linkname Log10 C.clog10
+func Log10(z complex128) complex128
+
+//go:linkname Arg C.carg
+func Arg(z complex128) float64
+
+//go:linkname Phase C.carg
+func Phase(z complex128) float64
+
+//go:linkname Pow C.cpow
+func Pow(x, y complex128) complex128
+
+//go:linkname Sin C.csin
+func Sin(z complex128) complex128
+
+//go:linkname Sinh C.csinh
+func Sinh(z complex128) complex128
+
+//go:linkname Sqrt C.csqrt
+func Sqrt(z complex128) complex128
+
+//go:linkname Tan C.ctan
+func Tan(z complex128) complex128
+
+//go:linkname Tanh C.ctanh
+func Tanh(z complex128) complex128
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname Absf C.cabsf
+func Absf(z complex64) float32
+
+//go:linkname Acosf C.cacosf
+func Acosf(z complex64) complex64
+
+//go:linkname Acoshf C.cacoshf
+func Acoshf(z complex64) complex64
+
+//go:linkname Asinf C.casinf
+func Asinf(z complex64) complex64
+
+//go:linkname Asinhf C.casinhf
+func Asinhf(z complex64) complex64
+
+//go:linkname Atanf C.catanf
+func Atanf(z complex64) complex64
+
+//go:linkname Atanhf C.catanhf
+func Atanhf(z complex64) complex64
+
+//go:linkname Cosf C.ccosf
+func Cosf(z complex64) complex64
+
+//go:linkname Coshf C.ccoshf
+func Coshf(z complex64) complex64
+
+//go:linkname Expf C.cexpf
+func Expf(z complex64) complex64
+
+//go:linkname Logf C.clogf
+func Logf(z complex64) complex64
+
+//go:linkname Log10f C.clog10f
+func Log10f(z complex64) complex64
+
+//go:linkname Argf C.cargf
+func Argf(z complex64) float32
+
+//go:linkname Phasef C.cargf
+func Phasef(z complex64) float32
+
+//go:linkname Powf C.cpowf
+func Powf(x, y complex64) complex64
+
+//go:linkname Sinf C.csinf
+func Sinf(z complex64) complex64
+
+//go:linkname Sinhf C.csinhf
+func Sinhf(z complex64) complex64
+
+//go:linkname Sqrtf C.csqrtf
+func Sqrtf(z complex64) complex64
+
+//go:linkname Tanf C.ctanf
+func Tanf(z complex64) complex64
+
+//go:linkname Tanhf C.ctanhf
+func Tanhf(z complex64) complex64
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

c/math/math.go

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package math
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "decl"
+)
+
+//go:linkname Acos C.acos
+func Acos(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Acosh C.acosh
+func Acosh(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Asin C.asin
+func Asin(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Asinh C.asinh
+func Asinh(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Atan C.atan
+func Atan(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Atan2 C.atan2
+func Atan2(y, x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Atanh C.atanh
+func Atanh(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Cbrt C.cbrt
+func Cbrt(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Ceil C.ceil
+func Ceil(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Cos C.cos
+func Cos(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Cosh C.cosh
+func Cosh(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Copysign C.copysign
+func Copysign(x, y float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Erf C.erf
+func Erf(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Erfc C.erfc
+func Erfc(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Exp C.exp
+func Exp(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Exp2 C.exp2
+func Exp2(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Expm1 C.expm1
+func Expm1(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Fdim C.fdim
+func Fdim(x, y float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Floor C.floor
+func Floor(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Fma C.fma
+func Fma(x, y, z float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Fmax C.fmax
+func Fmax(x, y float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Fmin C.fmin
+func Fmin(x, y float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Fmod C.fmod
+func Fmod(x, y float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Frexp C.frexp
+func Frexp(x float64, exp *c.Int) float64
+
+//go:linkname Gamma C.gamma
+func Gamma(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Hypot C.hypot
+func Hypot(x, y float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Ilogb C.ilogb
+func Ilogb(x float64) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname J0 C.j0
+func J0(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname J1 C.j1
+func J1(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Jn C.jn
+func Jn(n c.Int, x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Ldexp C.ldexp
+func Ldexp(x float64, exp c.Int) float64
+
+//go:linkname Lgamma C.lgamma
+func Lgamma(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Log C.log
+func Log(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Log10 C.log10
+func Log10(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Log1p C.log1p
+func Log1p(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Log2 C.log2
+func Log2(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Logb C.logb
+func Logb(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Modf C.modf
+func Modf(x float64, ipart *float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Nan C.nan
+func Nan(tag *c.Char) float64
+
+//go:linkname Nextafter C.nextafter
+func Nextafter(x, y float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Pow C.pow
+func Pow(x, y float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Remainder C.remainder
+func Remainder(x, y float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Round C.round
+func Round(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Sin C.sin
+func Sin(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Sinh C.sinh
+func Sinh(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Sqrt C.sqrt
+func Sqrt(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Tan C.tan
+func Tan(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Tanh C.tanh
+func Tanh(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Tgamma C.tgamma
+func Tgamma(x float64) float64
+
+//go:linkname Trunc C.trunc
+func Trunc(x float64) float64
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

c/os/os.go

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package os
+
+// #include <sys/stat.h>
+// #include <limits.h>
+import "C"
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "decl"
+)
+
+const (
+	PATH_MAX = C.PATH_MAX
+)
+
+type (
+	ModeT C.mode_t
+	UidT  C.uid_t
+	GidT  C.gid_t
+	OffT  C.off_t
+	DevT  C.dev_t
+	StatT C.struct_stat
+)
+
+//go:linkname Errno errno
+var Errno c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Umask C.umask
+func Umask(cmask ModeT) ModeT
+
+//go:linkname Mkdir C.mkdir
+func Mkdir(path *c.Char, mode ModeT) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Rmdir C.rmdir
+func Rmdir(path *c.Char) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Link C.link
+func Link(oldpath *c.Char, newpath *c.Char) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Symlink C.symlink
+func Symlink(target *c.Char, linkpath *c.Char) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Readlink C.readlink
+func Readlink(path *c.Char, buf c.Pointer, bufsize uintptr) int
+
+//go:linkname Unlink C.unlink
+func Unlink(path *c.Char) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Remove C.remove
+func Remove(path *c.Char) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Rename C.rename
+func Rename(oldpath *c.Char, newpath *c.Char) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Stat C.stat
+func Stat(path *c.Char, buf *StatT) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Lstat C.lstat
+func Lstat(path *c.Char, buf *StatT) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Truncate C.truncate
+func Truncate(path *c.Char, length OffT) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Chmod C.chmod
+func Chmod(path *c.Char, mode ModeT) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Chown C.chown
+func Chown(path *c.Char, owner UidT, group GidT) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Lchown C.lchown
+func Lchown(path *c.Char, owner UidT, group GidT) c.Int
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname Getcwd C.getcwd
+func Getcwd(buffer c.Pointer, size uintptr) *c.Char
+
+//go:linkname Chdir C.chdir
+func Chdir(path *c.Char) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Chroot C.chroot
+func Chroot(path *c.Char) c.Int
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname Environ C.environ
+func Environ() **c.Char
+
+//go:linkname Getenv C.getenv
+func Getenv(name *c.Char) *c.Char
+
+//go:linkname Setenv C.setenv
+func Setenv(name *c.Char, value *c.Char, overwrite c.Int) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Putenv C.putenv
+func Putenv(env *c.Char) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Unsetenv C.unsetenv
+func Unsetenv(name *c.Char) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Clearenv C.clearenv
+func Clearenv()
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname Fchdir C.fchdir
+func Fchdir(dirfd c.Int) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Faccessat C.faccessat
+func Faccessat(dirfd c.Int, path *c.Char, mode c.Int, flags c.Int) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Fchmodat C.fchmodat
+func Fchmodat(dirfd c.Int, path *c.Char, mode ModeT, flags c.Int) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Fchownat C.fchownat
+func Fchownat(dirfd c.Int, path *c.Char, owner UidT, group GidT, flags c.Int) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Fstatat C.fstatat
+func Fstatat(dirfd c.Int, path *c.Char, buf *StatT, flags c.Int) c.Int
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname Open C.open
+func Open(path *c.Char, flags c.Int, mode ModeT) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Creat C.creat
+func Creat(path *c.Char, mode ModeT) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Dup C.dup
+func Dup(fd c.Int) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Dup2 C.dup2
+func Dup2(oldfd c.Int, newfd c.Int) c.Int
+
+/* TODO(xsw):
+On Alpha, IA-64, MIPS, SuperH, and SPARC/SPARC64, pipe() has the following prototype:
+struct fd_pair {
+	long fd[2];
+};
+struct fd_pair pipe(void);
+*/
+//go:linkname Pipe C.pipe
+func Pipe(fds *[2]c.Int) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Mkfifo C.mkfifo
+func Mkfifo(path *c.Char, mode ModeT) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Mknod C.mknod
+func Mknod(path *c.Char, mode ModeT, dev DevT) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Close C.close
+func Close(fd c.Int) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Read C.read
+func Read(fd c.Int, buf c.Pointer, count uintptr) int
+
+//go:linkname Write C.write
+func Write(fd c.Int, buf c.Pointer, count uintptr) int
+
+//go:linkname Lseek C.lseek
+func Lseek(fd c.Int, offset OffT, whence c.Int) OffT
+
+//go:linkname Fsync C.fsync
+func Fsync(fd c.Int) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Ftruncate C.ftruncate
+func Ftruncate(fd c.Int, length OffT) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Fchmod C.fchmod
+func Fchmod(fd c.Int, mode ModeT) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Fchown C.fchown
+func Fchown(fd c.Int, owner UidT, group GidT) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Fstat C.fstat
+func Fstat(fd c.Int, buf *StatT) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Isatty C.isatty
+func Isatty(fd c.Int) c.Int
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname Exit C.exit
+func Exit(c.Int)
+
+//go:linkname Getpid C.getpid
+func Getpid() c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Getppid C.getppid
+func Getppid() c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Getuid C.getuid
+func Getuid() UidT
+
+//go:linkname Geteuid C.geteuid
+func Geteuid() UidT
+
+//go:linkname Getgid C.getgid
+func Getgid() GidT
+
+//go:linkname Getegid C.getegid
+func Getegid() GidT
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

c/pthread/pthread.go

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package pthread
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "decl"
+)
+
+func __noop__() c.Int {
+	return 0
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type aThread struct {
+	Unused [8]byte
+}
+
+// Thread represents a POSIX thread.
+type Thread = *aThread
+
+// The pthread_create() function starts a new thread in the calling
+// process.  The new thread starts execution by invoking
+// start_routine(); arg is passed as the sole argument of
+// start_routine().
+//
+// The new thread terminates in one of the following ways:
+//
+//   - It calls pthread_exit(3), specifying an exit status value that
+//     is available to another thread in the same process that calls
+//     pthread_join(3).
+//
+//   - It returns from start_routine().  This is equivalent to
+//     calling pthread_exit(3) with the value supplied in the return
+//     statement.
+//
+//   - It is canceled (see pthread_cancel(3)).
+//
+//   - Any of the threads in the process calls exit(3), or the main
+//     thread performs a return from main().  This causes the
+//     termination of all threads in the process.
+//
+// On success, pthread_create() returns 0; on error, it returns an
+// error number, and the contents of *thread are undefined.
+//
+// See https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/pthread_create.3.html
+//
+//go:linkname Create C.pthread_create
+func Create(pthread *Thread, attr *Attr, routine func(c.Pointer) c.Pointer, arg c.Pointer) c.Int
+
+// The pthread_join() function waits for the thread specified by
+// thread to terminate.  If that thread has already terminated, then
+// pthread_join() returns immediately.  The thread specified by
+// thread must be joinable.
+//
+// If retval is not NULL, then pthread_join() copies the exit status
+// of the target thread (i.e., the value that the target thread
+// supplied to pthread_exit(3)) into the location pointed to by
+// retval.  If the target thread was canceled, then PTHREAD_CANCELED
+// is placed in the location pointed to by retval.
+//
+// If multiple threads simultaneously try to join with the same
+// thread, the results are undefined.  If the thread calling
+// pthread_join() is canceled, then the target thread will remain
+// joinable (i.e., it will not be detached).
+//
+// See https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/pthread_join.3.html
+//
+//go:linkname Join C.pthread_join
+func Join(thread Thread, retval *c.Pointer) c.Int
+
+// The pthread_exit() function terminates the calling thread and
+// returns a value via retval that (if the thread is joinable) is
+// available to another thread in the same process that calls
+// pthread_join(3).
+//
+// See https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/pthread_exit.3.html
+//
+//go:linkname Exit C.pthread_exit
+func Exit(retval c.Pointer)
+
+// The pthread_cancel() function sends a cancelation request to the
+// thread thread.
+//
+// See https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/pthread_cancel.3.html
+//
+//go:linkname Cancel C.pthread_cancel
+func Cancel(thread Thread) c.Int
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Attr represents a POSIX thread attributes.
+type Attr struct {
+	Detached byte
+	SsSp     *c.Char
+	SsSize   uintptr
+}
+
+// llgo:link (*Attr).Init C.pthread_attr_init
+func (attr *Attr) Init() c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Attr).Destroy C.pthread_attr_destroy
+func (attr *Attr) Destroy() c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Attr).GetDetached C.pthread_attr_getdetachstate
+func (attr *Attr) GetDetached(detached *c.Int) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Attr).SetDetached C.pthread_attr_setdetachstate
+func (attr *Attr) SetDetached(detached c.Int) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Attr).GetStackSize C.pthread_attr_getstacksize
+func (attr *Attr) GetStackSize(stackSize *uintptr) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Attr).SetStackSize C.pthread_attr_setstacksize
+func (attr *Attr) SetStackSize(stackSize uintptr) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Attr).GetStackAddr C.pthread_attr_getstackaddr
+func (attr *Attr) GetStackAddr(stackAddr *c.Pointer) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Attr).SetStackAddr C.pthread_attr_setstackaddr
+func (attr *Attr) SetStackAddr(stackAddr c.Pointer) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Thread Local Storage
+
+type Key c.Uint
+
+// llgo:link (*Key).Create C.pthread_key_create
+func (key *Key) Create(destructor func(c.Pointer)) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link Key.Delete C.pthread_key_delete
+func (key Key) Delete() c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link Key.Get C.pthread_getspecific
+func (key Key) Get() c.Pointer { return nil }
+
+// llgo:link Key.Set C.pthread_setspecific
+func (key Key) Set(value c.Pointer) c.Int { return __noop__() }
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

c/pthread/sync/_pthd/pthd.c

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+pthread_once_t llgoSyncOnceInitVal = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

c/pthread/sync/sync.go

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package sync
+
+// #include <pthread.h>
+import "C"
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/time"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoFiles   = "_pthd/pthd.c"
+	LLGoPackage = "link"
+)
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Once is an object that will perform exactly one action.
+type Once C.pthread_once_t
+
+//go:linkname OnceInit llgoSyncOnceInitVal
+var OnceInit Once
+
+// llgo:link (*Once).Do C.pthread_once
+func (o *Once) Do(f func()) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type MutexType c.Int
+
+const (
+	MUTEX_NORMAL     MutexType = C.PTHREAD_MUTEX_NORMAL
+	MUTEX_ERRORCHECK MutexType = C.PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK
+	MUTEX_RECURSIVE  MutexType = C.PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
+	MUTEX_DEFAULT    MutexType = C.PTHREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT
+)
+
+// MutexAttr is a mutex attribute object.
+type MutexAttr C.pthread_mutexattr_t
+
+// llgo:link (*MutexAttr).Init C.pthread_mutexattr_init
+func (a *MutexAttr) Init(attr *MutexAttr) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*MutexAttr).Destroy C.pthread_mutexattr_destroy
+func (a *MutexAttr) Destroy() {}
+
+// llgo:link (*MutexAttr).SetType C.pthread_mutexattr_settype
+func (a *MutexAttr) SetType(typ MutexType) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Mutex is a mutual exclusion lock.
+type Mutex C.pthread_mutex_t
+
+// llgo:link (*Mutex).Init C.pthread_mutex_init
+func (m *Mutex) Init(attr *MutexAttr) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Mutex).Destroy C.pthread_mutex_destroy
+func (m *Mutex) Destroy() {}
+
+// llgo:link (*Mutex).Lock C.pthread_mutex_lock
+func (m *Mutex) Lock() {}
+
+// llgo:link (*Mutex).TryLock C.pthread_mutex_trylock
+func (m *Mutex) TryLock() c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Mutex).Unlock C.pthread_mutex_unlock
+func (m *Mutex) Unlock() {}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// RWLockAttr is a read-write lock attribute object.
+type RWLockAttr C.pthread_rwlockattr_t
+
+// llgo:link (*RWLockAttr).Init C.pthread_rwlockattr_init
+func (a *RWLockAttr) Init(attr *RWLockAttr) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*RWLockAttr).Destroy C.pthread_rwlockattr_destroy
+func (a *RWLockAttr) Destroy() {}
+
+// llgo:link (*RWLockAttr).SetPShared C.pthread_rwlockattr_setpshared
+func (a *RWLockAttr) SetPShared(pshared c.Int) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*RWLockAttr).GetPShared C.pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared
+func (a *RWLockAttr) GetPShared(pshared *c.Int) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// RWLock is a read-write lock.
+type RWLock C.pthread_rwlock_t
+
+// llgo:link (*RWLock).Init C.pthread_rwlock_init
+func (rw *RWLock) Init(attr *RWLockAttr) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*RWLock).Destroy C.pthread_rwlock_destroy
+func (rw *RWLock) Destroy() {}
+
+// llgo:link (*RWLock).RLock C.pthread_rwlock_rdlock
+func (rw *RWLock) RLock() {}
+
+// llgo:link (*RWLock).TryRLock C.pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock
+func (rw *RWLock) TryRLock() c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*RWLock).RUnlock C.pthread_rwlock_unlock
+func (rw *RWLock) RUnlock() {}
+
+// llgo:link (*RWLock).Lock C.pthread_rwlock_wrlock
+func (rw *RWLock) Lock() {}
+
+// llgo:link (*RWLock).TryLock C.pthread_rwlock_trywrlock
+func (rw *RWLock) TryLock() c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*RWLock).Unlock C.pthread_rwlock_unlock
+func (rw *RWLock) Unlock() {}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// CondAttr is a condition variable attribute object.
+type CondAttr C.pthread_condattr_t
+
+// llgo:link (*CondAttr).Init C.pthread_condattr_init
+func (a *CondAttr) Init(attr *CondAttr) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*CondAttr).Destroy C.pthread_condattr_destroy
+func (a *CondAttr) Destroy() {}
+
+// llgo:link (*CondAttr).SetClock C.pthread_condattr_setclock
+func (a *CondAttr) SetClock(clock time.ClockID) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*CondAttr).GetClock C.pthread_condattr_getclock
+func (a *CondAttr) GetClock(clock *time.ClockID) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Cond is a condition variable.
+type Cond C.pthread_cond_t
+
+// llgo:link (*Cond).Init C.pthread_cond_init
+func (c *Cond) Init(attr *CondAttr) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Cond).Destroy C.pthread_cond_destroy
+func (c *Cond) Destroy() {}
+
+// llgo:link (*Cond).Signal C.pthread_cond_signal
+func (c *Cond) Signal() c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Cond).Broadcast C.pthread_cond_broadcast
+func (c *Cond) Broadcast() c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Cond).Wait C.pthread_cond_wait
+func (c *Cond) Wait(m *Mutex) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// llgo:link (*Cond).TimedWait C.pthread_cond_timedwait
+func (c *Cond) TimedWait(m *Mutex, abstime *time.Timespec) c.Int { return 0 }
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

c/setjmp/setjmp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package setjmp
+
+// #include <setjmp.h>
+import "C"
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "decl"
+)
+
+type (
+	JmpBuf    = C.jmp_buf
+	SigjmpBuf = C.sigjmp_buf
+)
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname Setjmp C.setjmp
+func Setjmp(env *JmpBuf) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Longjmp C.longjmp
+func Longjmp(env *JmpBuf, val c.Int)
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//go:linkname Sigsetjmp C.sigsetjmp
+func Sigsetjmp(env *SigjmpBuf, savemask c.Int) c.Int
+
+//go:linkname Siglongjmp C.siglongjmp
+func Siglongjmp(env *SigjmpBuf, val c.Int)
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

c/setjmp/trycatch/_code/demo.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+extern "C" void throwCppException() {
+    throw std::runtime_error("C++ exception");
+}

c/setjmp/trycatch/_code/try_catch.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include <exception>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+extern "C" void throwCppException();
+
+int main() {
+    try {
+        throwCppException();
+    } catch (std::exception& e) {
+        printf("Hi, %s\n", e.what());
+    }
+    return 0;
+}

c/setjmp/trycatch/demo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package trycatch
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "link: c++"
+)
+
+//go:linkname ThrowCppException C.throwCppException
+func ThrowCppException()

c/setjmp/trycatch/llgo.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+    "cl": [
+        "clang -emit-llvm -S -o demo.ll -c _code/demo.cpp",
+        "clang -emit-llvm -S -o _code/llgo_autogen.ll -c _code/try_catch.cpp",
+        "llgen .",
+        "rm llgo_autogen.lla; zip llgo_autogen.lla llgo_autogen.ll demo.ll",
+    ]
+}

c/sqlite/README.md

@@ -1,22 +1,18 @@
 LLGo wrapper of sqlite
 =====
-[![Build Status](https://github.com/goplus/sqlite/actions/workflows/go.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/goplus/sqlite/actions/workflows/go.yml)
-[![GitHub release](https://img.shields.io/github/v/tag/goplus/sqlite.svg?label=release)](https://github.com/goplus/sqlite/releases)
-[![GoDoc](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/github.com/goplus/sqlite.svg)](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/goplus/sqlite)
-[![Compiler](https://img.shields.io/badge/compiler-llgo-darkgreen.svg)](https://github.com/goplus/llgo)
-[![Language](https://img.shields.io/badge/language-Go+-blue.svg)](https://github.com/goplus/gop)
 
 ## How to install
 
+### on macOS (Homebrew)
+
 ```sh
-git clone https://github.com/goplus/sqlite.git
-cd sqlite
-git submodule init
-git submodule update
-mkdir build.dir
-cd build.dir
-../sqlite/configure --enable-shared
-sudo make install
+brew install sqlite3
+```
+
+### on Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)
+
+```sh
+apt-get install -y libsqlite3-dev
 ```
 
 ## Demos

c/sqlite/_demo/sqlitedemo/demo.go

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/os"
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c/sqlite"
 )
 
 func main() {
-	c.Remove(c.Str("test.db"))
+	os.Remove(c.Str("test.db"))
 
 	db, err := sqlite.Open(c.Str("test.db"))
 	check(err, db, "sqlite: Open")

c/sqlite/sqlite.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	LLGoPackage = "link: sqlite3"
+	LLGoPackage = "link: $(pkg-config --libs sqlite3); -lsqlite3"
 )
 
 // llgo:type C
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ const (
 	Done   Errno = 101 // sqlite3_step() has finished executing
 )
 
-// llgo:link (Errno).Errstr C.sqlite3_errstr
+// llgo:link Errno.Errstr C.sqlite3_errstr
 func (err Errno) Errstr() *c.Char { return nil }
 
 // llgo:link (*Sqlite3).Errmsg C.sqlite3_errmsg

c/sync/atomic/atomic.go

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package atomic
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+	_ "unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "decl"
+)
+
+type valtype interface {
+	~int | ~uint | ~uintptr | ~int32 | ~uint32 | ~int64 | ~uint64 | ~unsafe.Pointer
+}
+
+// llgo:link Add llgo.atomicAdd
+func Add[T valtype](ptr *T, v T) T { return v }
+
+// llgo:link Sub llgo.atomicSub
+func Sub[T valtype](ptr *T, v T) T { return v }
+
+// llgo:link And llgo.atomicAnd
+func And[T valtype](ptr *T, v T) T { return v }
+
+// llgo:link NotAnd llgo.atomicNand
+func NotAnd[T valtype](ptr *T, v T) T { return v }
+
+// llgo:link Or llgo.atomicOr
+func Or[T valtype](ptr *T, v T) T { return v }
+
+// llgo:link Xor llgo.atomicXor
+func Xor[T valtype](ptr *T, v T) T { return v }
+
+// llgo:link Max llgo.atomicMax
+func Max[T valtype](ptr *T, v T) T { return v }
+
+// llgo:link Min llgo.atomicMin
+func Min[T valtype](ptr *T, v T) T { return v }
+
+// llgo:link UMax llgo.atomicUMax
+func UMax[T valtype](ptr *T, v T) T { return v }
+
+// llgo:link UMin llgo.atomicUMin
+func UMin[T valtype](ptr *T, v T) T { return v }
+
+// llgo:link Load llgo.atomicLoad
+func Load[T valtype](ptr *T) T { return *ptr }
+
+// llgo:link Store llgo.atomicStore
+func Store[T valtype](ptr *T, v T) {}
+
+// llgo:link Exchange llgo.atomicXchg
+func Exchange[T valtype](ptr *T, v T) T { return v }
+
+// llgo:link CompareAndExchange llgo.atomicCmpXchg
+func CompareAndExchange[T valtype](ptr *T, old, new T) (T, bool) { return old, false }

c/time/time.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 The GoPlus Authors (goplus.org). All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package time
+
+// #include <time.h>
+import "C"
+
+import (
+	_ "unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	LLGoPackage = "decl"
+)
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type Timespec C.struct_timespec
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type ClockID C.clockid_t
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

chore/gentests/gentests.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/llgen"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/ssa"
 	"github.com/goplus/mod"
 )
 
@@ -29,10 +30,13 @@ func main() {
 	dir, _, err := mod.FindGoMod(".")
 	check(err)
 
+	ssa.Initialize(ssa.InitAll | ssa.InitNative)
 	llgen.Verbose = false
 
 	llgenDir(dir + "/cl/_testlibc")
+	llgenDir(dir + "/cl/_testlibgo")
 	llgenDir(dir + "/cl/_testrt")
+	llgenDir(dir + "/cl/_testgo")
 	llgenDir(dir+"/cl/_testpy", "")
 	llgenDir(dir+"/cl/_testdata", "")
 }

chore/llpyg/llpyg.go

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func main() {
 		log.Printf("import module %s failed\n", pyLib)
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
-	pkg := gogen.NewPackage("", pyLib, nil)
+	pkg := gogen.NewPackage("", pkgName(pyLib), nil)
 	pkg.Import("unsafe").MarkForceUsed(pkg)       // import _ "unsafe"
 	py := pkg.Import("github.com/goplus/llgo/py") // import "github.com/goplus/llgo/py"
 
@@ -115,6 +115,13 @@ func main() {
 	pkg.WriteTo(os.Stdout)
 }
 
+func pkgName(pyLib string) string {
+	if pos := strings.LastIndexByte(pyLib, '.'); pos >= 0 {
+		return pyLib[pos+1:]
+	}
+	return pyLib
+}
+
 type context struct {
 	pkg    *gogen.Package
 	obj    *types.Named
@@ -127,11 +134,11 @@ type context struct {
 func (ctx *context) genMod(pkg *gogen.Package, mod *module) {
 	for _, sym := range mod.Items {
 		switch sym.Type {
-		case "builtin_function_or_method", "function", "ufunc", "method-wrapper":
+		case "builtin_function_or_method", "function", "method", "ufunc", "method-wrapper":
 			ctx.genFunc(pkg, sym)
 		case "str", "float", "bool", "type", "dict", "tuple", "list", "object", "module",
 			"int", "set", "frozenset", "flags", "bool_", "pybind11_type", "layout",
-			"memory_format", "qscheme", "dtype", "tensortype": // skip
+			"memory_format", "qscheme", "dtype", "tensortype", "ellipsis": // skip
 		case "": // pysigfetch: page not found
 			ctx.skips = append(ctx.skips, sym.Name)
 		default:
@@ -211,7 +218,7 @@ func genName(name string, idxDontTitle int) string {
 	}
 	name = strings.Join(parts, "")
 	switch name {
-	case "default", "func", "var", "":
+	case "default", "func", "var", "range", "":
 		name += "_"
 	}
 	return name

chore/llvmtargets/llvm_targets.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/goplus/llvm"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	llvm.InitializeAllTargetInfos()
+	llvm.InitializeAllTargets()
+	llvm.InitializeAllTargetMCs()
+	llvm.InitializeNativeTarget()
+	fmt.Println("targets:")
+	for it := llvm.FirstTarget(); it.C != nil; it = it.NextTarget() {
+		fmt.Printf("- %s: %s\n", it.Name(), it.Description())
+	}
+}

cl/_testdata/apkg/out.ll

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ; ModuleID = 'apkg'
 source_filename = "apkg"
 
-@"apkg.init$guard" = global ptr null
+@"apkg.init$guard" = global i1 false, align 1
 
 define double @apkg.Max(double %0, double %1) {
 _llgo_0:

cl/_testdata/fncall/out.ll

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 ; ModuleID = 'main'
 source_filename = "main"
 
-@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global i1 false, align 1
+@__llgo_argc = global i32 0, align 4
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null, align 8
 
 define void @main.init() {
 _llgo_0:

cl/_testdata/importpkg/out.ll

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 ; ModuleID = 'main'
 source_filename = "main"
 
-@main.hello = global [7 x i8] undef
-@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@main.hello = global [7 x i8] zeroinitializer, align 1
+@"main.init$guard" = global i1 false, align 1
+@__llgo_argc = global i32 0, align 4
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null, align 8
 
 define void @main.init() {
 _llgo_0:

cl/_testdata/method/out.ll

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 ; ModuleID = 'main'
 source_filename = "main"
 
-@main.format = global [10 x i8] undef
-@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@main.format = global [10 x i8] zeroinitializer, align 1
+@"main.init$guard" = global i1 false, align 1
+@__llgo_argc = global i32 0, align 4
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null, align 8
 
-define i64 @"(main.T).Add"(i64 %0, i64 %1) {
+define i64 @main.T.Add(i64 %0, i64 %1) {
 _llgo_0:
   %2 = add i64 %0, %1
   ret i64 %2
 }
 
-define i64 @"(*main.T).Add"(ptr %0, i64 %1) {
+define i64 @"main.(*T).Add"(ptr %0, i64 %1) {
 _llgo_0:
   %2 = load i64, ptr %0, align 4
-  %3 = call i64 @"(main.T).Add"(i64 %2, i64 %1)
+  %3 = call i64 @main.T.Add(i64 %2, i64 %1)
   ret i64 %3
 }
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ _llgo_0:
   store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
   call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
-  %2 = call i64 @"(main.T).Add"(i64 1, i64 2)
+  %2 = call i64 @main.T.Add(i64 1, i64 2)
   call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @main.format, i64 %2)
   ret i32 0
 }

cl/_testdata/print/in.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package main
 import (
 	"unsafe"
 
-	"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+	"github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
 )
 
 func gwrite(b []byte) {

cl/_testdata/printf/out.ll

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 ; ModuleID = 'main'
 source_filename = "main"
 
-@main.hello = global [7 x i8] undef
-@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@main.hello = global [7 x i8] zeroinitializer, align 1
+@"main.init$guard" = global i1 false, align 1
+@__llgo_argc = global i32 0, align 4
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null, align 8
 
 define void @main.init() {
 _llgo_0:

cl/_testdata/printval/out.ll

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 ; ModuleID = 'main'
 source_filename = "main"
 
-@main.format = global [10 x i8] undef
-@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@main.format = global [10 x i8] zeroinitializer, align 1
+@"main.init$guard" = global i1 false, align 1
+@__llgo_argc = global i32 0, align 4
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null, align 8
 
 define void @main.init() {
 _llgo_0:

cl/_testdata/ptrmthd/out.ll

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 ; ModuleID = 'main'
 source_filename = "main"
 
-@main.format = global [10 x i8] undef
-@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@main.format = global [10 x i8] zeroinitializer, align 1
+@"main.init$guard" = global i1 false, align 1
+@__llgo_argc = global i32 0, align 4
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null, align 8
 
-define void @"(*main.T).Print"(ptr %0, i64 %1) {
+define void @"main.(*T).Print"(ptr %0, i64 %1) {
 _llgo_0:
   call void (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr %0, i64 %1)
   ret void
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ _llgo_0:
   store ptr %1, ptr @__llgo_argv, align 8
   call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
-  call void @"(*main.T).Print"(ptr @main.format, i64 100)
+  call void @"main.(*T).Print"(ptr @main.format, i64 100)
   ret i32 0
 }
 

cl/_testdata/uint/out.ll

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 ; ModuleID = 'main'
 source_filename = "main"
 
-@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global i1 false, align 1
+@__llgo_argc = global i32 0, align 4
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null, align 8
 @0 = private unnamed_addr constant [11 x i8] c"Hello, %u\0A\00", align 1
 
 define i32 @main.f(i32 %0) {

cl/_testdata/untyped/out.ll

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 ; ModuleID = 'main'
 source_filename = "main"
 
-@main.a = global ptr null
-@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@main.a = global double 0.000000e+00, align 8
+@"main.init$guard" = global i1 false, align 1
+@__llgo_argc = global i32 0, align 4
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null, align 8
 
 define void @main.init() {
 _llgo_0:

cl/_testdata/utf8/out.ll

@@ -3,23 +3,22 @@ source_filename = "main"
 
 %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" = type { ptr, i64 }
 
-@main.array = global [8 x i8] undef
-@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
-@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [8 x i8] c"\E4\B8\ADabcd\00", align 1
-@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"\0A\00", align 1
-@2 = private unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8] c"\0A\00", align 1
-@3 = private unnamed_addr constant [8 x i8] c"\E4\B8\ADabcd\00", align 1
+@main.array = global [8 x i8] zeroinitializer, align 1
+@"main.init$guard" = global i1 false, align 1
+@__llgo_argc = global i32 0, align 4
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null, align 8
+@0 = private unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8] c"\E4\B8\ADabcd", align 1
 
 define i8 @main.index(i8 %0) {
 _llgo_0:
-  %1 = icmp slt i8 %0, 0
-  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AssertIndexRange"(i1 %1)
-  %2 = zext i8 %0 to i64
-  %3 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr @main.array, i64 %2
-  %4 = load i8, ptr %3, align 1
-  ret i8 %4
+  %1 = sext i8 %0 to i64
+  %2 = icmp slt i64 %1, 0
+  %3 = icmp sge i64 %1, 8
+  %4 = or i1 %3, %2
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AssertIndexRange"(i1 %4)
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr @main.array, i64 %1
+  %6 = load i8, ptr %5, align 1
+  ret i8 %6
 }
 
 define void @main.init() {
@@ -53,33 +52,41 @@ _llgo_0:
   br label %_llgo_3
 
 _llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
-  %2 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @0, i64 7)
-  %3 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2, 1
-  %4 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewStringSlice"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %2, i64 %14, i64 %3)
-  %5 = call { i32, i64 } @"unicode/utf8.DecodeRuneInString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %4)
-  %6 = extractvalue { i32, i64 } %5, 0
-  %7 = extractvalue { i32, i64 } %5, 1
-  %8 = add i64 %14, %7
-  %9 = sext i32 %6 to i64
-  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.PrintInt"(i64 %9)
-  %10 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @1, i64 1)
-  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.PrintString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %10)
+  %2 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @0, ptr %3, align 8
+  %4 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 1
+  store i64 7, ptr %4, align 4
+  %5 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %2, align 8
+  %6 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %5, 1
+  %7 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringSlice"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %5, i64 %15, i64 %6)
+  %8 = call { i32, i64 } @"unicode/utf8.DecodeRuneInString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %7)
+  %9 = extractvalue { i32, i64 } %8, 0
+  %10 = extractvalue { i32, i64 } %8, 1
+  %11 = add i64 %15, %10
+  %12 = sext i32 %9 to i64
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.PrintInt"(i64 %12)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.PrintByte"(i8 10)
   br label %_llgo_3
 
 _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3
-  %11 = call i8 @main.index(i8 2)
-  %12 = icmp eq i8 %11, 3
-  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.PrintBool"(i1 %12)
-  %13 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @2, i64 1)
-  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.PrintString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %13)
+  %13 = call i8 @main.index(i8 2)
+  %14 = icmp eq i8 %13, 3
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.PrintBool"(i1 %14)
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.PrintByte"(i8 10)
   ret i32 0
 
 _llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
-  %14 = phi i64 [ 0, %_llgo_0 ], [ %8, %_llgo_1 ]
-  %15 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr @3, i64 7)
-  %16 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %15, 1
-  %17 = icmp slt i64 %14, %16
-  br i1 %17, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+  %15 = phi i64 [ 0, %_llgo_0 ], [ %11, %_llgo_1 ]
+  %16 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
+  %17 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %16, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @0, ptr %17, align 8
+  %18 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %16, i32 0, i32 1
+  store i64 7, ptr %18, align 4
+  %19 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %16, align 8
+  %20 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %19, 1
+  %21 = icmp slt i64 %15, %20
+  br i1 %21, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
 }
 
 declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AssertIndexRange"(i1)
@@ -88,14 +95,12 @@ declare void @"unicode/utf8.init"()
 
 declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
 
-declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewString"(ptr, i64)
-
-declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewStringSlice"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", i64, i64)
+declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.StringSlice"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", i64, i64)
 
 declare { i32, i64 } @"unicode/utf8.DecodeRuneInString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
 
 declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.PrintInt"(i64)
 
-declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.PrintString"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String")
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.PrintByte"(i8)
 
 declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.PrintBool"(i1)

cl/_testdata/vargs/in.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package main
 
-import "github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime/c"
+import "github.com/goplus/llgo/c"
 
 func test(a ...any) {
 	for _, v := range a {

cl/_testdata/vargs/out.ll

@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
 ; ModuleID = 'main'
 source_filename = "main"
 
-%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" = type { ptr, ptr }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface" = type { ptr, ptr }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type" = type { i64, i64, i32, i8, i8, i8, i8, { ptr, ptr }, ptr, %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr }
+%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" = type { ptr, i64 }
 %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" = type { ptr, i64, i64 }
 
-@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@"main.init$guard" = global i1 false, align 1
+@__llgo_argc = global i32 0, align 4
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null, align 8
+@_llgo_int = linkonce global ptr null, align 8
 @0 = private unnamed_addr constant [4 x i8] c"%d\0A\00", align 1
+@1 = private unnamed_addr constant [21 x i8] c"type assertion failed", align 1
+@_llgo_string = linkonce global ptr null, align 8
 
 define void @main.init() {
 _llgo_0:
@@ -16,6 +21,7 @@ _llgo_0:
 
 _llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
   store i1 true, ptr @"main.init$guard", align 1
+  call void @"main.init$after"()
   br label %_llgo_2
 
 _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
@@ -29,20 +35,54 @@ _llgo_0:
   call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
   call void @main.init()
   %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64 48)
-  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i64 0
-  %4 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 2)
-  %5 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %4, i64 1)
-  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %5, ptr %3, align 8
-  %6 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i64 1
-  %7 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 2)
-  %8 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %7, i64 2)
-  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %8, ptr %6, align 8
-  %9 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %2, i64 2
-  %10 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 2)
-  %11 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr %10, i64 3)
-  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %11, ptr %9, align 8
-  %12 = call %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr %2, i64 16, i64 3, i64 0, i64 3, i64 3)
-  call void @main.test(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %12)
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", ptr %2, i64 0
+  %4 = load ptr, ptr @_llgo_int, align 8
+  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 6
+  %6 = load i8, ptr %5, align 1
+  %7 = or i8 %6, 32
+  store i8 %7, ptr %5, align 1
+  %8 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", align 8
+  %9 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", ptr %8, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %4, ptr %9, align 8
+  %10 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", ptr %8, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr inttoptr (i64 1 to ptr), ptr %10, align 8
+  %11 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", ptr %8, align 8
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface" %11, ptr %3, align 8
+  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", ptr %2, i64 1
+  %13 = load ptr, ptr @_llgo_int, align 8
+  %14 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %13, i32 0, i32 6
+  %15 = load i8, ptr %14, align 1
+  %16 = or i8 %15, 32
+  store i8 %16, ptr %14, align 1
+  %17 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", align 8
+  %18 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", ptr %17, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %13, ptr %18, align 8
+  %19 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", ptr %17, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr inttoptr (i64 2 to ptr), ptr %19, align 8
+  %20 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", ptr %17, align 8
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface" %20, ptr %12, align 8
+  %21 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", ptr %2, i64 2
+  %22 = load ptr, ptr @_llgo_int, align 8
+  %23 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %22, i32 0, i32 6
+  %24 = load i8, ptr %23, align 1
+  %25 = or i8 %24, 32
+  store i8 %25, ptr %23, align 1
+  %26 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", align 8
+  %27 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", ptr %26, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %22, ptr %27, align 8
+  %28 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", ptr %26, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr inttoptr (i64 3 to ptr), ptr %28, align 8
+  %29 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", ptr %26, align 8
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface" %29, ptr %21, align 8
+  %30 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", align 8
+  %31 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %30, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %2, ptr %31, align 8
+  %32 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %30, i32 0, i32 1
+  store i64 3, ptr %32, align 4
+  %33 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %30, i32 0, i32 2
+  store i64 3, ptr %33, align 4
+  %34 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice", ptr %30, align 8
+  call void @main.test(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %34)
   ret i32 0
 }
 
@@ -51,39 +91,94 @@ _llgo_0:
   %1 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0, 1
   br label %_llgo_1
 
-_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2, %_llgo_0
-  %2 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_0 ], [ %3, %_llgo_2 ]
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_4, %_llgo_0
+  %2 = phi i64 [ -1, %_llgo_0 ], [ %3, %_llgo_4 ]
   %3 = add i64 %2, 1
   %4 = icmp slt i64 %3, %1
   br i1 %4, label %_llgo_2, label %_llgo_3
 
 _llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
-  %5 = icmp slt i64 %3, 0
-  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AssertIndexRange"(i1 %5)
-  %6 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0, 0
-  %7 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %6, i64 %3
-  %8 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr %7, align 8
-  %9 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 2)
-  %10 = call i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.I2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" %8, ptr %9)
-  %11 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %10)
-  br label %_llgo_1
+  %5 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0, 0
+  %6 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" %0, 1
+  %7 = icmp slt i64 %3, 0
+  %8 = icmp sge i64 %3, %6
+  %9 = or i1 %8, %7
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AssertIndexRange"(i1 %9)
+  %10 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", ptr %5, i64 %3
+  %11 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", ptr %10, align 8
+  %12 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface" %11, 0
+  %13 = load ptr, ptr @_llgo_int, align 8
+  %14 = icmp eq ptr %12, %13
+  br i1 %14, label %_llgo_4, label %_llgo_5
 
 _llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1
   ret void
+
+_llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2
+  %15 = extractvalue %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface" %11, 1
+  %16 = ptrtoint ptr %15 to i64
+  %17 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @0, i64 %16)
+  br label %_llgo_1
+
+_llgo_5:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2
+  %18 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", align 8
+  %19 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %18, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr @1, ptr %19, align 8
+  %20 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %18, i32 0, i32 1
+  store i64 21, ptr %20, align 4
+  %21 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String", ptr %18, align 8
+  %22 = load ptr, ptr @_llgo_string, align 8
+  %23 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocU"(i64 16)
+  store %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.String" %21, ptr %23, align 8
+  %24 = alloca %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", align 8
+  %25 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", ptr %24, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %22, ptr %25, align 8
+  %26 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", ptr %24, i32 0, i32 1
+  store ptr %23, ptr %26, align 8
+  %27 = load %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface", ptr %24, align 8
+  call void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Panic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface" %27)
+  unreachable
 }
 
 declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.init"()
 
 declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocZ"(i64)
 
+define void @"main.init$after"() {
+_llgo_0:
+  %0 = load ptr, ptr @_llgo_int, align 8
+  %1 = icmp eq ptr %0, null
+  br i1 %1, label %_llgo_1, label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_1:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_0
+  %2 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 2)
+  %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/abi.Type", ptr %2, i32 0, i32 6
+  %4 = load i8, ptr %3, align 1
+  %5 = or i8 %4, 32
+  store i8 %5, ptr %3, align 1
+  store ptr %2, ptr @_llgo_int, align 8
+  br label %_llgo_2
+
+_llgo_2:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_1, %_llgo_0
+  %6 = load ptr, ptr @_llgo_string, align 8
+  %7 = icmp eq ptr %6, null
+  br i1 %7, label %_llgo_3, label %_llgo_4
+
+_llgo_3:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_2
+  %8 = call ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64 24)
+  store ptr %8, ptr @_llgo_string, align 8
+  br label %_llgo_4
+
+_llgo_4:                                          ; preds = %_llgo_3, %_llgo_2
+  ret void
+}
+
 declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Basic"(i64)
 
-declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.MakeAnyInt"(ptr, i64)
-
-declare %"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Slice" @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.NewSlice3"(ptr, i64, i64, i64, i64, i64)
-
 declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AssertIndexRange"(i1)
 
-declare i64 @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.I2Int"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.iface", ptr)
+declare ptr @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.AllocU"(i64)
+
+declare void @"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.Panic"(%"github.com/goplus/llgo/internal/runtime.eface")
 
 declare i32 @printf(ptr, ...)

cl/_testdata/varinit/out.ll

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 ; ModuleID = 'main'
 source_filename = "main"
 
-@main.a = global ptr null
-@"main.init$guard" = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argc = global ptr null
-@__llgo_argv = global ptr null
+@main.a = global i64 0, align 8
+@"main.init$guard" = global i1 false, align 1
+@__llgo_argc = global i32 0, align 4
+@__llgo_argv = global ptr null, align 8
 
 define void @main.init() {
 _llgo_0:

cl/_testdefer/firstloop1/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package foo
+
+func f(s string) bool {
+	return len(s) > 2
+}
+
+func Loop() {
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		if s := "hello"; f(s) {
+			defer println(s)
+		} else {
+			defer println("world")
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}

cl/_testdefer/firstloop1/out.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+ 0: always
+ 6: cond
+ 3: loop
+ 1: loop
+ 4: loop
+ 2: cond
+ 5: cond

cl/_testdefer/firstloop2/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package foo
+
+func Loop() {
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		println(i)
+	}
+}

cl/_testdefer/firstloop2/out.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ 0: always
+ 3: loop
+ 1: loop
+ 2: always

cl/_testdefer/loop/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package main
+
+func f(s string) bool {
+	return len(s) > 2
+}
+
+func main() {
+	defer func() {
+		println("hi")
+	}()
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		if s := "hello"; f(s) {
+			defer println(s)
+		} else {
+			defer println("world")
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	defer println("bye")
+}

cl/_testdefer/loop/out.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+ 0: always
+ 1: cond
+ 4: loop
+ 2: loop
+ 5: loop
+ 3: cond
+ 6: cond

cl/_testdefer/multiret/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package main
+
+func f(s string) bool {
+	return len(s) > 2
+}
+
+func main() {
+	defer func() {
+		println("hi")
+	}()
+	if s := "hello"; f(s) {
+		defer println(s)
+	} else {
+		defer println("world")
+		return
+	}
+	defer println("bye")
+}

cl/_testdefer/multiret/out.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ 0: always
+ 1: cond
+ 2: cond
+ 3: cond

cl/_testdefer/print/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package main
+
+func f() float64 {
+	return 1.0
+}
+
+func main() {
+	var v = f()
+	const n = 7 // digits printed
+	var buf [n + 7]byte
+	buf[0] = '+'
+	e := 0 // exp
+	if v == 0 {
+		if 1/v < 0 {
+			buf[0] = '-'
+		}
+	} else {
+		if v < 0 {
+			v = -v
+			buf[0] = '-'
+		}
+
+		// normalize
+		for v >= 10 {
+			e++
+			v /= 10
+		}
+		for v < 1 {
+			e--
+			v *= 10
+		}
+
+		// round
+		h := 5.0
+		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+			h /= 10
+		}
+		v += h
+		if v >= 10 {
+			e++
+			v /= 10
+		}
+	}
+
+	// format +d.dddd+edd
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		s := int(v)
+		buf[i+2] = byte(s + '0')
+		v -= float64(s)
+		v *= 10
+	}
+}

cl/_testdefer/print/out.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+ 0: always
+ 1: cond
+ 3: cond
+ 4: cond
+ 5: cond
+ 7: loop
+ 6: loop
+10: loop
+ 8: loop
+ 9: cond
+13: loop
+11: loop
+12: cond
+14: cond
+ 2: cond
+17: loop
+15: loop
+16: always

cl/_testdefer/singleret/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package main
+
+func f(s string) bool {
+	return len(s) > 2
+}
+
+func main() {
+	defer func() {
+		println("hi")
+	}()
+	if s := "hello"; f(s) {
+		defer println(s)
+	} else {
+		defer println("world")
+	}
+	defer println("bye")
+}

cl/_testdefer/singleret/out.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+ 0: always
+ 1: cond
+ 2: cond
+ 4: cond
+ 3: always

cl/_testgo/defer1/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package main
+
+func f(s string) bool {
+	return len(s) > 2
+}
+
+func main() {
+	defer func() {
+		println("hi")
+	}()
+	if s := "hello"; f(s) {
+		defer println(s)
+	} else {
+		defer println("world")
+		return
+	}
+	defer println("bye")
+}

cl/_testgo/defer1/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+;

cl/_testgo/defer2/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package main
+
+func f(s string) bool {
+	return len(s) > 2
+}
+
+func main() {
+	if s := "hello"; f(s) {
+		defer println(s)
+	} else {
+		defer println("world")
+		return
+	}
+	defer println("bye")
+}

cl/_testgo/defer2/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+;

cl/_testgo/defer3/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package main
+
+func f(s string) bool {
+	return len(s) > 2
+}
+
+func fail() {
+	defer println("bye")
+	panic("panic message")
+}
+
+func main() {
+	defer func() {
+		println("hi")
+	}()
+	if s := "hello"; f(s) {
+		defer println(s)
+	} else {
+		defer println("world")
+		return
+	}
+	fail()
+	println("unreachable")
+}

cl/_testgo/defer3/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+;

cl/_testgo/defer4/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package main
+
+func f(s string) bool {
+	return len(s) > 2
+}
+
+func fail() {
+	defer println("bye")
+	defer func() {
+		if e := recover(); e != nil {
+			println("recover:", e.(string))
+		}
+	}()
+	panic("panic message")
+}
+
+func main() {
+	defer func() {
+		println("hi")
+	}()
+	if s := "hello"; f(s) {
+		defer println(s)
+	} else {
+		defer println("world")
+		return
+	}
+	fail()
+	println("reachable")
+}

cl/_testgo/defer4/out.ll

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+;

cl/_testgo/equal/in.go

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package main
+
+func test() {}
+
+// func
+func init() {
+	fn1 := test
+	fn2 := func(i, j int) int { return i + j }
+	var n int
+	fn3 := func() { println(n) }
+	var fn4 func() int
+	assert(test != nil)
+	assert(fn1 != nil)
+	assert(fn2 != nil)
+	assert(fn3 != nil)
+	assert(fn4 == nil)
+}
+
+// array
+func init() {
+	assert([0]float64{} == [0]float64{})
+	ar1 := [...]int{1, 2, 3}
+	ar2 := [...]int{1, 2, 3}
+	assert(ar1 == ar2)
+	ar2[1] = 1
+	assert(ar1 != ar2)
+}
+
+type T struct {
+	X int
+	Y int
+	Z string
+	V any
+}
+
+type N struct{}
+
+// struct
+func init() {
+	var n1, n2 N
+	var t1, t2 T
+	x := T{10, 20, "hello", 1}
+	y := T{10, 20, "hello", 1}
+	z := T{10, 20, "hello", "ok"}
+	assert(n1 == n2)
+	assert(t1 == t2)
+	assert(x == y)
+	assert(x != z)
+	assert(y != z)
+}
+
+// slice
+func init() {
+	var a []int
+	var b = []int{1, 2, 3}
+	c := make([]int, 2)
+	d := make([]int, 0, 2)
+	assert(a == nil)
+	assert(b != nil)
+	assert(c != nil)
+	assert(d != nil)
+	b = nil
+	assert(b == nil)
+}
+
+// iface
+func init() {
+	var a any = 100
+	var b any = struct{}{}
+	var c any = T{10, 20, "hello", 1}
+	x := T{10, 20, "hello", 1}
+	y := T{10, 20, "hello", "ok"}
+	assert(a == 100)
+	assert(b == struct{}{})
+	assert(b != N{})
+	assert(c == x)
+	assert(c != y)
+}
+
+func assert(cond bool) {
+	if !cond {
+		panic("failed")
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+}